The diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) was used for the determination of bioavailable mercury in urban soils, and results were compared to the mercury accumulation by Pisum sativum L. (pea) parts (leaf, root, stem, blossom, legume, and green seed). The total mercury concentration in soil samples was ranged between 0.084 and 0.326 mg kg-1. The soil solutions contained 0.15%-0.20% of mercury present in soils. In the soil solution, 2.21%-3.45% of mercury was available for DGT units. The highest mercury content was determined in the leaf and root of the pea plant, and the lowest in the consumable part of the pea plant (green seed). Mercury concentration in the parts of the pea plant increased over time, alongside the growth of the plant. The effect of acid precipitation on mercury bioavailability was statistically non-significant (p = 0.53). Significant and positive correlations were found between mercury flux into DGT unit, and mercury flux into the root (r = 0.989), leaf (r = 0.985), and stem (r = 0.904) of the pea plant. The obtained results suggest that the DGT method could be used for description of the uptake of mercury by pea plant parts in non-contaminated and slightly contaminated soils.

• MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• hrách setý metabolismus   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• metody MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rtuť analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• semena rostlinná metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The ability of the DGT technique to predict Hg2+ bioavailability for input tissues (skin, gills, and scales) of common carp in the presence of chloride ions and humic acid (HA) was evaluated. The mercury accumulation by the DGT units and input tissues of carp decreased with an increasing concentration of chloride ions (29-180 mg L-1) and HA (0-5 mg L-1). In the presence of chloride ions and HA, statistically significant correlations (Pearson's correlation coefficients 0.731-0.954) were determined between the rate of mercury accumulation by input tissues of carp and the rate of mercury accumulation by the DGT units. The laboratory experiments suggest the possibility of using the DGT technique for predicting the mercury bioaccumulation in natural aquatic ecosystems instead of commonly used input tissues of fish.

• MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• chloridy analýza   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• huminové látky analýza   MeSH
• kapři metabolismus   MeSH
• kůže chemie   MeSH
• metody MeSH
• rtuť analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• žábry chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• zvířecí šupiny chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The mercury bioaccumulation by common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) tissues (gills, skin, eyes, scales, muscle, brain, kidneys, liver, and spleen) and the capability of the diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) technique to predict bioavailability of mercury for individual carp's tissues were evaluated. Carp and DGT units were exposed to increasing concentrations of mercury (Hg2+: 0 μg L-1, 0.5 μg L-1, 1.5 μg L-1and 3.0 μg L-1) in fish tanks for 14 days. In the uncontaminated fish group, the highest mercury concentration was determined in the muscle tissues and, in fish groups exposed to mercury, the highest mercury concentration was determined in the detoxification (kidneys) and input (gills) organs. A strong and positive correlation between the rate of mercury uptake by the DGT technique and the rate of mercury accumulation by fish tissues (gills, skin, scales, and eyes) was observed.

• MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• difuze MeSH
• kapři metabolismus   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• ledviny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rtuť analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• svaly chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• žábry chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Human biomonitoring (HBM) is an effective tool for assessing actual exposure to chemicals that takes into account all routes of intake. Although hair analysis is considered to be an optimal biomarker for assessing mercury exposure, the lack of harmonization as regards sampling and analytical procedures has often limited the comparison of data at national and international level. The European-funded projects COPHES and DEMOCOPHES developed and tested a harmonized European approach to Human Biomonitoring in response to the European Environment and Health Action Plan. Herein we describe the quality assurance program (QAP) for assessing mercury levels in hair samples from more than 1800 mother-child pairs recruited in 17 European countries. To ensure the comparability of the results, standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sampling and for mercury analysis were drafted and distributed to participating laboratories. Training sessions were organized for field workers and four external quality-assessment exercises (ICI/EQUAS), followed by the corresponding web conferences, were organized between March 2011 and February 2012. ICI/EQUAS used native hair samples at two mercury concentration ranges (0.20-0.71 and 0.80-1.63) per exercise. The results revealed relative standard deviations of 7.87-13.55% and 4.04-11.31% for the low and high mercury concentration ranges, respectively. A total of 16 out of 18 participating laboratories the QAP requirements and were allowed to analyze samples from the DEMOCOPHES pilot study. Web conferences after each ICI/EQUAS revealed this to be a new and effective tool for improving analytical performance and increasing capacity building. The procedure developed and tested in COPHES/DEMOCOPHES would be optimal for application on a global scale as regards implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• laboratoře normy   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   normy   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• řízení kvality MeSH
• rozvoj plánování MeSH
• rtuť analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• vlasy, chlupy chemie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• arsen farmakokinetika   MeSH
• biologický transport účinky léků   MeSH
• chemické jevy MeSH
• fyzikální jevy MeSH
• hematoencefalická bariéra MeSH
• hliník farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kadmium farmakokinetika   MeSH
• kovy metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mangan farmakokinetika   MeSH
• neuroprotektivní látky MeSH
• olovo farmakokinetika   MeSH
• rtuť farmakokinetika   MeSH
• volné radikály MeSH
• zinek farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu farmakokinetika   toxicita   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• rtuť farmakokinetika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• chelátory farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina dimerkaptojantarová farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• rtuť analýza   farmakokinetika   moč   MeSH
• selen farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• otrava rtutí patofyziologie   MeSH
• rtuť farmakokinetika   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• sloučeniny rtuti farmakokinetika   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH

• MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• rtuť aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH