BACKGROUND: DNA methylation is likely a key mechanism regulating changes in gene transcription in traits that show temporal fluctuations in response to environmental conditions. To understand the transcriptional role of DNA methylation we need simultaneous within-individual assessment of methylation changes and gene expression changes over time. Within-individual repeated sampling of tissues, which are essential for trait expression is, however, unfeasible (e.g. specific brain regions, liver and ovary for reproductive timing). Here, we explore to what extend between-individual changes in DNA methylation in a tissue accessible for repeated sampling (red blood cells (RBCs)) reflect such patterns in a tissue unavailable for repeated sampling (liver) and how these DNA methylation patterns are associated with gene expression in such inaccessible tissues (hypothalamus, ovary and liver). For this, 18 great tit (Parus major) females were sacrificed at three time points (n = 6 per time point) throughout the pre-laying and egg-laying period and their blood, hypothalamus, ovary and liver were sampled. RESULTS: We simultaneously assessed DNA methylation changes (via reduced representation bisulfite sequencing) and changes in gene expression (via RNA-seq and qPCR) over time. In general, we found a positive correlation between changes in CpG site methylation in RBCs and liver across timepoints. For CpG sites in close proximity to the transcription start site, an increase in RBC methylation over time was associated with a decrease in the expression of the associated gene in the ovary. In contrast, no such association with gene expression was found for CpG site methylation within the gene body or the 10 kb up- and downstream regions adjacent to the gene body. CONCLUSION: Temporal changes in DNA methylation are largely tissue-general, indicating that changes in RBC methylation can reflect changes in DNA methylation in other, often less accessible, tissues such as the liver in our case. However, associations between temporal changes in DNA methylation with changes in gene expression are mostly tissue- and genomic location-dependent. The observation that temporal changes in DNA methylation within RBCs can relate to changes in gene expression in less accessible tissues is important for a better understanding of how environmental conditions shape traits that temporally change in expression in wild populations.

• MeSH
• CpG ostrůvky MeSH
• metylace DNA MeSH
• Passeriformes * genetika   MeSH
• RNA MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• zpěvní ptáci * genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Přestože se spektrum biomarkerů užívaných v onkologii neustále rozšiřuje, zůstává stanovení morfologie nádorů rozhodujícím kritériem diagnostiky. U karcinomů prsu bylo nedávno zjištěno, že stupeň diferenciace je provázen změnami exprese miRNA. Není však nic známo o tom, zda popsané změny souvisí se změnou morfologie a zda mají individuální nebo obecný charakter. Cílem navrhovaného projektu je použít zatím unikátní přístup a srovnat expresní profil miRNA z různých částí téhož nádoru s rozdílnou morfologickou charakteristikou i nádorů se stejnou morfologií od různých pacientek a zároveň zjistit, zda je možné tyto specifické miRNA detekovat v krvi. Pro řešení navrhujeme použít mikrodisekční metody izolace buněk z parafínových bloků TNBC a mikročipovou analýzu miRNA. Tkáňové a sérové hladiny vybraných miRNA budou sledovány pomocí qPCR v rozšířeném validačním souboru a jejich funkce bude studována pomocí experimentů na buněčných liniích. Projekt by mohl přispět k odhalení nových principů řídících morfogenezi v nádorech a rovněž k identifikaci nových diagnostických a prognostických znaků.; Although the spectrum of cancer biomarkers is constantly expanding, determining the morphology is a decisive criterion for diagnosis. Recent research in breast cancer has shown that the degree of differentiation is accompanied by changes in miRNA expression. However, nothing is known about relationship between the described changes and tumor morphology or whether these changes have an individual or general character. We suggest to compare the miRNA expression profiles from different parts of the same tumor which have different morphology as well as tumors with the same morphology from different patients and analyse whether specific miRNAs are released into blood. Microdissection of cells from paraffin blocks of TNBC and miRNA microarray analysis will be used. Tissue and serum levels of selected miRNAs will be monitored by qPCR in an extended validation set and their functions will be studied by experiments on cell lines. The project could contribute to the discovery of new principles governing morphogenesis in tumors as well as identify novel diagnostic and prognostic markers.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA MeSH
• mikročipová analýza MeSH
• mikrodisekce MeSH
• morfogeneze MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery analýza   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• triple-negativní karcinom prsu diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• onkologie
• genetika, lékařská genetika
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurochirurgie

• MeSH
• kožní nemoci diagnóza   klasifikace   terapie   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• dermatovenerologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Animal-associated microbiota is expected to impose crucial effects on the host's fitness-related performance, including reproduction. Most research to date has focused on interactions between the host with its gut microbiota; however, there remain considerable gaps in knowledge regarding microbial consortia in other organs, including interspecific divergence, temporal stability, variation drivers, and their effects on the host. To fill these gaps, we examined oral and vaginal microbiota composition in four free-living mouse species of the genus Apodemus, each varying in the degree of female promiscuity. To assess temporal stability and microbiota resistance to environmental change, we exposed one of the species, Apodemus uralensis, to standardized captive conditions and analyzed longitudinal changes in its microbiota structure. Our results revealed the existence of a "core" oral microbiota that was not only shared among all four species but also persisted almost unchanged in captivity. On the other hand, vaginal microbiota appears to be more plastic in captive conditions and less species-specific in comparison with oral microbiota. This study is amongst the first to describe oral microbiota dynamics. Furthermore, the vaginal microbiota results are especially surprising in light of the well-known role of stable vaginal microbiota as a defense against pathogens. The results indicate the existence of diverse mechanisms that shape each microbiota. On the other hand, our data provides somewhat ambiguous support for the systematic effect of phylogeny and social system on both oral and vaginal microbiota structures.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• myši MeSH
• orgánová specificita MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• ústa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vagina mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• klinické lékařství MeSH
• rehabilitace MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• rehabilitační a fyzikální medicína
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

• MeSH
• fyziologické jevy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• fyziologie

Barley is one of the most important cereal crops grown worldwide. It has numerous applications, but its utility could potentially be extended by genetically manipulating its hormonal balances. To explore some of this potential we identified gene families of cytokinin dehydrogenases (CKX) and isopentenyl transferases, enzymes that respectively irreversibly degrade and synthesize cytokinin (CK) plant hormones, in the raw sequenced barley genome. We then examined their spatial and temporal expression patterns by immunostaining and qPCR. Two CKX-specific antibodies, anti-HvCKX1 and anti-HvCKX9, predominantly detect proteins in the aleurone layer of maturing grains and leaf vasculature, respectively. In addition, two selected CKX genes were used for stable, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the barley cultivar Golden Promise. The results show that constitutive overexpression of CKX causes morphological changes in barley plants and prevents their transition to flowering. In all independent transgenic lines roots proliferated more rapidly and root-to-shoot ratios were higher than in wild-type plants. Only one transgenic line, overexpressing CKX under the control of a promoter from a phosphate transporter gene, which is expressed more strongly in root tissue than in aerial parts, yielded progeny. Analysis of several T1-generation plants indicates that plants tend to compensate for effects of the transgene and restore CK homeostasis later during development. Depleted CK levels during early phases of development are restored by down-regulation of endogenous CKX genes and reinforced de novo biosynthesis of CKs.

• MeSH
• Agrobacterium tumefaciens MeSH
• cytokininy biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• exprese genu * MeSH
• fertilita genetika   MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• ječmen (rod) enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin embryologie   genetika   MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• chování MeSH
• molekulární biologie MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému MeSH
• nervový systém MeSH
• neurochemie MeSH
• neurofyziologie MeSH
• neurony MeSH
• neurovědy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• neurovědy
• biologie

• MeSH
• diagnostické testy rutinní MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NLK Obory
• biochemie