Visualization
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Cieľ: Arteriovenózne malformácie (AVM) je možné zobrazovať pomocou transkraniálnej farebne kódovanej duplexnej ultrasonografie (TCCS). Cieľom tejto Štúdie bolo preskúmať typické sonografické charakteristiky a zobraziteľnosť AVM VO vztahu k ich lokalizácii. Metody: V priebehu 6 rokov sme pomocou ultrasonografie prospektívne skúmali 54 pacientov s angiograficky dokázanými AVM. Na základe lokalizácie, anatomického prebiehu a smeru toku sme identifikovali artérie Circulus arterious Willisii. Vyšetrenie sa prvé 3 roky realizovalo na ultrazvukovom systéme Acuson 128 XP 10 s 7,0 MHz lineárnou sondou pre extrakraniálne riečisko a s 2 MHz sektorovou sondou pre transkraniálne zobraženie. V druhej polovice štúdie sa použil prístroj Acuson Seqouia TM 512. Výsledky: V súlade s digitálnou substrakčnou angiografiou (DSA) sa sonograficky zobrazilo 42 AVM (senzitivita 77,8 %). Cievy zásobujúce angióm sa identifikovali na základe typických hemodynamických parametrov (zvýšená systolická a diastolická prietoková rýchlosť, znížený index pulzatility). Subkortikálne lokalizované AVM sa dali len ťažko zobraziť. Naopak, AVM lokalizované v axiálnej rovine V bazálnych oblastiach mozgu boli zobrazitelné nejlepšie (senzitivita 88,9 %). Naviac sa TCCS osvečilo aj pri hodnotení pooperačného priebehu resp. priebehu po embolizačných zákrokoch. Záver: TCCS je cennou diagnostickou metodou pri zobrazovaní AVM i pri hodnotení priebehu po zákrokoch na AVM. Ako skríningové vyšetrenie by sa táto metoda však nemala využívať.
The aim: Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) may be visualized using transcranial color-coded duplex ultrasonography (TCCS). The research presented aimed at examining typical sonographic characteristics and visualization of AVM in relation to their location. Methods: In the course of 6 years ultrasonographic prospective examination was used in 54 patients with AVM demonstrated by means of angiography. The arteries of circulus arterious Willisi were identified on the base of location, anatomical course and flow direction. During the first 3 years, investigations were realized using ultrasonographic system Acuson 128 XP 10 with 7.0 MHz linear probe for the extracranial vascular system, and with 2 MHz sector probe for transcranial visualization. Acuson Seqouia TM 512 apparatus was applied in the latter half of the trial. Results: In accordance with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) 42 AVMs were visualized by means of sonography (sensitivity 77.8 %). The blood-vessels supplying an angioma were identified on the base of typical hemodynamic parameters (increased systolic and diastolic flow velocity. decreased index of pulsatility). AVMs located subcortically could be visualized with difficulties. On the contrary, AVMs situated in the axial plane in basal regions of the brain were visualized best (sensitivity 88.9 %). TCCS showed to be most helpful in assessing the post-operative course or the course after embolizing interventions. Conclusion: TCCS is a valuable diagnostic method for visualizing AVM as well as for evaluating the course after interventions on AVMs. However, this method should not be applied as a screening examination.
SpyGlassTM direct visualization system umožňuje endoskopické vyšetření žlučových cest a pankreatického vývodu. Hlavními indikacemi k metodě jsou nejasná léze žlučových cest, nejasná patologie pankreatického vývodu a endoskopická léčba obtížné choledocholitiázy. Autoři prezentují výsledky léčby souboru 13 nemocných.
SpyGlassTM direct visualization system enables endoscopic examination of the biliary tract and the pancreatic duct. The most important indications are indeterminate biliary lesion, indeterminate pathology of the pancreatic duct and treatment of serious choledocholithiasis. The treatment results of 13 patients are presented here.
XX,645 s. + CD-ROM
The visualization of fingerprints on metal substrates is a problematic issue in contemporary criminology. Com-mon methods of visualization (powder methods) are fast and simple but not very effective for metallic substrates. If fingerprints are deposited on metallic media, the common-ly used methods are based on the reaction of the reagent with the fingerprint material, making the ridges of the pa-pillary lines visible and creating a positive image of the fingerprint. However, for these classical methods, the pro-gressive aging of the fingerprint poses a problem, resulting in the loss of identification information. This review is devoted to the use of a thin conducting polymer layers for better visualization of fingerprints on problematic metal surfaces, which are widespread in the criminology. The fingerprint on a metallic substrate behaves like a template: it masks those areas where papillary lines are present, thus inhibiting polymer deposition. The result is a negative image of the fingerprint which means that only areas where the surface of the substrate is not blocked by the fingerprint are visible. This simple method of the finger-print visualization, based on electrodeposited polymers is fast, inexpensive and reliable. It can represent a great help for criminal investigators.
