A novel portable device for fast and sensitive analysis of explosives in environmental samples is presented. The developed system consists of miniaturized microcolumn liquid chromatograph, photolytic converter and chemiluminescence detector. The device is able to determine selectively nitramine- and nitroester- and most of nitroaromates-based explosives as well as inorganic nitrates at trace concentrations in water or soil extracts in less than 8 min. The device allows to analyze various environmental samples such as soils or water materials without previous preconcentration. Because of internal power supply, the device ensures 12h of continuous operation. Limits of detection of compounds of interest are in the range of concentrations from 5.0 × 10(-9)M to 8.0 × 10(-5)M for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Limits of quantification are in the range of concentrations from 1.7 × 10(-8)M to 2.7 × 10(-4)M for a signal-to-noise ratio of 10. The repeatability of the method (RSD=2.9-5.6%) was determined by repeated injections (n=10) of the standard samples during 4h.

• MeSH
• aniliny analýza   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• dusičnany analýza   MeSH
• kyselina peroxydusitá analýza   MeSH
• luminiscenční měření MeSH
• nitrobenzeny analýza   MeSH
• poměr signál - šum MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• voda chemie   MeSH
• výbušné látky analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cieľom štúdie bolo analyzovať vplyv externých faktorov prostredia (biotropné typy počasia a geomagnetickú aktivitu) na úroveň explozívnej sily dolných končatín u adolescentov. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 10 probandov vo veku 16,31±0,29 roka. Počas výskumu bolo realizovaných 9 meraní v priebehu piatich mesiacov (október 2010 - január 2011 a november 2011). Prostredníctvom zariadenia FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovenská republika) boli zisťované zmeny výkonnosti z hľadiska explozívnej sily dolných končatín, ktoré boli doplnené pomocou metódy ankety o subjektívne pocity probandov (pocit psychickej pohody pred diagnostikou). Pre zistenie vplyvu externých faktorov na explozívnu silu dolných končatín u probandov boli použité meteorologické údaje z databanky a zo synopických máp Slovenského meteorologického ústavu (Bucherova typizácia počasia) z meteorologickej stanice v Banskej Bystrici a aktivitu geomagnetického poľa Zeme (K- index) z Geomagnetického observatória v Hurbanove. Medzi všetkými meraniami boli zaznamenané významné rozdiely (p < 0,05). Pri hodnotení vplyvu geomagnetizmu nebolo zaznamenané výraznejšie narušenie GMP. Hodnoty K-indexu boli v rozsahu 0-2, čo predstavuje veľmi nízku úroveň expozície. Pri K-indexe s hodnotou 0 (D; 31,81 cm) bola priemerná výkonnosť probandov najvyššia. Vplyv externých faktorov na pocity psychickej pohody bol potvrdený iba u jedného z desiatich probandov.

The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of external environmental factors (biotropic types of the weather and geomagnetic activity) on the level of lower limbs explosive strength of adolescents. The experimental ensemble composed of 10 probands (age 16.31 ± 0.29 years). Nine measurements were realized during the research lasting for five months (October 2010 - January 2011 and November 2011). By the usage of the device FiTRO Jumper (FiTRONIC, Bratislava, Slovak Republic). The changes in performance were detected in terms of lower limbs explosive which were supplemented by questionnaire method of probands´ feelings (feeling of psychical well-being before the diagnosis). There were used meteorological data to determine the impact of external factors on the lower limbs explosive strength of probands from the database and from the synoptic maps of Slovak Meteorological Institute (Bucher´s typification of the weather) from the meteorological observatory in Banska Bystrica and the activity of the geomagnetic field of the Earth (K-index) from the Geomagnetic observatory GPI SAS in Hurbanovo. There were denoted significant differences between all measurements (p < 0.05). The violation of the GPM was not denoted during the geomagnetism´s evaluation. The value of the K- index ​​was in the range from 0 to 2, which represents very low level of exposition. The highest average performance of the probands was for K- index with a value of 0 (D; 31.81 cm). The impact of external factors on psychical well-being feelings was denoted only in one proband.

• Klíčová slova
• biotropní typy počasí, externí faktory, FiTRO Jumper, geomagnetické pole,
• MeSH
• cirkadiánní hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• dolní končetina fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetismus MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• svalová síla účinky záření   MeSH
• výkonnost účinky záření   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The objectives of this study were related to the research of the relations between the abilities of professional basketball players in the performance of one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat and explosive movements, such as 5, 10 and 20-metre running, and vertical jump; as well as the detection and comparison of these abilities between players who play on the outside and inside positions. The study involved 35 professional basketball players (22 outside and 13 inside) who were selected as candidates for the national team of Bulgaria. Independent variables of muscular strength were obtained by applying the 1RM back squat test (142.06 ± 29.31 kg), and were normalized with respect to the body mass (1RM Squat/kg (1.51 ± 0.25)) and by applying suitable allometric exponent (1RM SquatAl (6.86 ± 1.16)). Dependent variables were obtained using two tests: 20-metre run (times registered at 5 and 10 metres) and vertical jump (used to calculate the variable peak anaerobic power (PAPW)). The results indicated that none of the variables of strength were significantly related to the speed performance, while moderate correlations occurred between the normalized strength variables (1RM Squat/kg and 1RM SquatAl) and vertical jump (r = 0.310 and r = 0.308 / p < 0.05). The results obtained show greater correlation (r = 0.660 / p < 0.01) in the ability to deliver power when performing squat and mechanical work performed in vertical jumps. Outside and inside players were significantly different in three variables only: peak anaerobic power, body height and body weight.

• MeSH
• anaerobní práh MeSH
• basketbal * MeSH
• biomechanika * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kosterní svaly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokomoce MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• sportovní výkon MeSH
• svalová síla * MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost MeSH
• zádové svalstvo MeSH
• zátěžový test metody   MeSH
• zrychlení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

Přístup k problematice karcinomu prostaty se během posledních několika desetiletí explozivně vyvíjí. Obrovské množství informací však přináší také záplavu i protichůdných názorů. Jedině z diskuze založené na vědeckých základech může rezultovat vývoj ve spirále vzhůru. Primární prevence tohoto onemocnění zatím nejsme schopni dosáhnout, i když řada informací vyznívá velmi slibně a představuje nemalý a nepochybný potenciál. S nárůstem detekce onemocnění ve včasném stadiu narůstá diagnóza u významného množství méně agresivních či neagresivních nádorů, které jsou však zcela zbytečně radikálně léčeny. Možnosti jejich rozlišení dnes jsou, i když stále limitované, tak rozhodně daleko přesnější než kdykoliv před tím a je třeba je zavzít do každodenní klinické praxe. Operační techniky se vyvíjejí a zdokonalují. Je třeba se s nimi seznamovat a používat, protože umožňují další zlepšování již tak poměrně dobrých operačních výsledků.

Attitude to prostate cancer topics has developed during last several decades explosively. Vast amount of information also brings flood of controversial opinions. Development in spiral upwards could only result from discussion based on evidence. We have not yet been able to achieve a primary prevention of the disease. Much information is promising and doubtlessly represents large potential. As the detection of cases in the early stage increases, the diagnosis of less aggressive or non aggressive forms, that need not to be radically treated, increases as well. We have a chance, though still limited, to differentiate forms of the disease more precisely than whenever before and the precise diagnostics should be included into the daily clinical practice. Surgical techniques have been developed and improved. It is necessary to adopt and use them because it can further improve already relatively good surgical results.

• MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• finasterid aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• laparoskopie metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty komplikace   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• prostatektomie metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• robotika metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• stilbeny aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitamin D terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitamin E aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Úvod: Medzi behaviorálne poruchy asociované s Parkinsonovou chorobou (PCH) patria impulzívne poruchy, punding a syndróm dopamínovej dysregulácie. Napriek narastajúcemu záujmu o túto problematiku zostávajú behaviorálne poruchy stále poddiagnostikované. Cieľom práce bolo overiť efektívnosť anamnézy podporovanej špecializovaným dotazníkom pri skríningu behaviorálnych porúch u pacientov s Parkinsonovou chorobou. Súbor a metodika: Osemdesiatim pacientom, z ktorých 63 malo Parkinsonovu chorobu a 17 prolaktinóm liečený agonistami dopamínových receptorov, sme odobrali anamnézu za asistencie 8-položkového skríningového dotazníka. U pacientov s Parkinsonovou chorobou sme navyše v úvodnej časti dotazníka registrovali údaje o fenotype a trvaní ochorenia, liečbe dopaminergnou medikáciou, výskyte anxiety, depresie, obsedantno-kompulzívnej poruchy a panickej poruchy. Vyšetrili sme tiež stav kognitívnych funkcií pomocou MMSE a PANDA. Výsledky: U 17 pacientov s prolaktinómom sme nezistili žiadnu poruchu správania. U 20 (31,75 %) zo 63 vyšetrených pacientov s PCH sme pozorovali určitú formu behaviorálnej poruchy. Sedem z nich malo viac ako jednu behaviorálnu poruchu. U všetkých pacientov s poruchami správania k nim došlo až po iniciácii dopaminergnej liečby. Pacienti s behaviorálnymi poruchami boli mladšieho veku (61,3 verzus 63,3 roka; p < 0,05), s dlhším trvaním Parkinsonovej choroby (11,0 verzus 6,5 roka; p < 0,02), boli na vyššej dávke dopaminergnej medikácie. Skupina pacientov s behaviorálnymi poruchami mala vyššie subskóre pre depresiu v dotazníku PANDA (3,8 verzus 3,2; p < 0,02). Záver: Naša práca ukázala, že cielená anamnéza za pomoci špecializovaného dotazníka môže výrazne zlepšiť záchyt behaviorálnych porúch u pacientov s Parkinsonovou chorobou. Výskyt týchto porúch je podstatne vyšší, ako sa ukazuje pri bežnom ambulantnom vyšetrení.

Introduction: Behavioral disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease include impulse control disorders, punding and dopamine dysregulation syndrome. Despite rising interest in this specific area in Parkinson's, behavioral disturbances still remain under-diagnosed. The aim of our study was to verify the effectiveness of a specific questionnaire-based interview in detection of behavioral disturbances in parkinsonian patients. Subjects and methods: By means of a specific 8-item questionnaire, we interviewed 80 patients (63 with Parkinson's disease and 17 with prolactinoma). In Parkinson's disease patients we also recorded disease phenotype, duration and dopaminergic treatment, as well as any history of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder or panic disorder. Cognitive function state was assessed by means of MMSE and PANDA questionnaires. Results: None of prolactinoma patients exhibited behavioral disturbances. Twenty (31.75%) of 63 patients with Parkinson's disease had a history of some form of behavioral disturbances. Seven of them had more than one behavioral abnormality. All the behavioral disturbances started after initiation of dopaminergic treatment. Patients with behavioral disturbances were younger (61.3 versus 63.3 years; p <0.05), with longer duration of Parkinson's disease (11.0 versus 6.5 years; p <0.02), and were on higher doses of dopaminergic medication. Furthermore, the group with behavioral disturbances had higher subscores for depression in the PANDA questionnaire (3.8 versus 3.2; p <0.02). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that a specific questionnaire-based interview can significantly facilitate the detection of behavioral disturbances in patients with Parkinson's disease. The prevalence of these behaviors is undoubtedly higher than may be anticipated in routine clinical examination.

• MeSH
• behaviorální symptomy diagnóza   klasifikace   psychologie   MeSH
• dopaminové látky škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• impulzivní poruchy diagnóza   komplikace   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Chemie. Mineralogické vědy
• NLK Obory
• chemie, klinická chemie

Results of field tests with explosive dispersal of a radioactive substance (RaS) are presented. The paper deals with tests exploiting artificial obstacles as a continuation and expansion of the tests used in this study performed in free area described previously. The essential goal of the tests was to estimate the distribution of the released RaS in the case of intentional abuse of radioactive sources and to get a set of data applicable to testing physical or mathematical models of propagation. Effects of different geometrical and meteorological conditions on the distribution of dispersed RaS were studied via the assessment of dose rate, surface and volume activities, aerosol mass and activity aerodynamic diameters. The principal results can be summarised as follows: the prevalent proportion of the activity of the radionuclide dispersed by an explosion (born by the blast wave and by air convection) is transferred to the detection system/collecting pads essentially within the first minute. Enhanced aerosol mass concentrations were also detected within the same period. The RaS carried by the blast wave passed through the polygon (50 m) within <1 s. An expected crucial impact of meteorological conditions at the moment of the explosion and shortly after was proved by the tests.

• MeSH
• aerosoly analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• radiační ochrana MeSH
• radioaktivní znečišťující látky analýza   MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• únik radioaktivních látek * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

During recent years, the assessment of possible radiological consequences of a terrorist attack associated with a release of radioactive substances (RaS) has been in the focus of interest of emergency preparedness and radiation protection specialists, as well as experts dealing with the dispersion of harmful substances in the atmosphere. Suitable tools for these analyses are applications of mathematical and physical models and simulation of this attack under 'realistic' conditions. The work presented here summarises the results of four tests, in which a RaS (a Tc-99 m solution) was dispersed over a free area with the use of an industrial explosive. Detection methods and techniques employed in these tests are described and values characterising the RaS dispersion--dose rates, surface activities in horizontal and vertical directions, volume activities, their space and time distributions and mass concentrations of aerosols produced after the explosion are presented and compared. These data will be applied to a comparison of outcomes of models used for the assessment of radiation accidents as well as in future field tests carried out under conditions of more complex geometry (indoor environment, terrain obstacles, etc.).

• MeSH
• dávka záření MeSH
• monitorování radiace metody   MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• radiační ochrana metody   MeSH
• radionuklidy analýza   MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• únik radioaktivních látek MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess personality characteristics in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) with and without impulse control disorders (ICD). METHODS: We tested patients and controls with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) scales that have expected high sensitivity to apparent addictive behavior. We recorded mean disease duration and mean levodopa dose in the PD groups. RESULTS: Of the 46 PD patients, 13 had ICD: hypersexuality, binge eating, or dopamine dysregulation. The PD patients with ICD had a longer duration of disease (11 vs. 5 y) and were taking higher doses of levodopa (900 vs. 500 mg/d). They scored above the pathologic threshold in 4 domains of the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales and in 8 Clinical Subscales and Content Scales. The most significant abnormality was Alienation-Self and Others. CONCLUSIONS: ICDs in the general population have similarities to disorders of substance addiction. In PD patients, some personality profiles could play a role in development of ICDs or dopamine dysregulation syndrome. The MMPI-2 may be a useful test for PD patients in general, and for detecting ICD in particular.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• impulzivní poruchy komplikace   psychologie   MeSH
• levodopa terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MMPI statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   farmakoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pathomics, the fusion of digitalized pathology and artificial intelligence, is currently changing the landscape of medical pathology and biologic disease classification. In this review, we give an overview of Pathomics and summarize its most relevant applications in urology. RECENT FINDINGS: There is a steady rise in the number of studies employing Pathomics, and especially deep learning, in urology. In prostate cancer, several algorithms have been developed for the automatic differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and to differentiate Gleason scores. Furthermore, several applications have been developed for the automatic cancer cell detection in urine and for tumor assessment in renal cancer. Despite the explosion in research, Pathomics is not fully ready yet for widespread clinical application. SUMMARY: In prostate cancer and other urologic pathologies, Pathomics is avidly being researched with commercial applications on the close horizon. Pathomics is set to improve the accuracy, speed, reliability, cost-effectiveness and generalizability of pathology, especially in uro-oncology.

• MeSH
• deep learning MeSH
• diagnóza počítačová MeSH
• karcinom z renálních buněk patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ledvin patologie   MeSH
• nádory prostaty patologie   MeSH
• patologie * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• testikulární nádory patologie   MeSH
• umělá inteligence * MeSH
• urogenitální nádory patologie   MeSH
• urologické nádory patologie   MeSH
• urologie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH