INTRODUCTION: The study aim was to test the safety and efficacy of a pad with optic fibers developed for monitoring newborn respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR). METHODS: Thirty New Zealand White rabbits were included, divided by weight into three groups. RR and HR were measured using two methods for each rabbit: ECG electrodes as the reference method and a newly developed pad with an experimental fiber optic system (EFOS) as the experimental method. RESULTS: Analysis was performed on data for 29 rabbits (10 female, 34%; 19 male, 66%). EFOS performed better at measuring RR compared with HR. RR values did not differ significantly between the methods for the whole group (p = 0.151) or within each sex (female: p > 0.999; male: p = 0.075). Values for HR, however, did differ between methods for the whole group of animals (p < 0.001) and also within groups by sex (female: p < 0.001; male: p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: The results of this preclinical study demonstrate the potential of this non-invasive method using a fiber optic pad to measure HR and RR.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Simultaneous application of polarization microscopy and Interphako interference contrast has been used to study the internal structure of algal cells. The interference contrast technique showed fine cell structures (important is the selection of interference colors according to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer setting). In a polarization microscope, the crossed polarization filters together with the first-order quartz compensator mounted turntable showed the maximum birefringence of the individual structures. Material containing green algae was collected in the villages Sýkořice and Zbečno, Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Křivoklátsko. The objects were studied in a Carl Zeiss Jena NfpK laboratory microscope equipped with an In 160 base body with an Interphako In contrast interference module including a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with variable phase contrast, a special condenser with interchangeable aperture plates, a turntable, a Meopta Praha polarizer, a LOMO Sankt Petersburg analyzer, and a quartz compensator with first-order red and the digital camera DSLR Nikon D 70. Green algae of three orders were studied: Siphonocladales, Zygnematales, and Desmidiales. Anisotropic structures were found in all studied representatives of the green algae of the phylum Chlorophyta. Especially their cell walls showed strong birefringence (in all representatives of these orders). On the other hand, a representative of the order Siphonocladales (the genus Cladophora, Cladophoraceae, Ulvophyceae) was rarely found to display weak birefringent granules of storage substances due to the setting of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the use of the first-order compensator (interference colors are intensified). In addition, a very weak birefringence of periphyton cells (microbial biofilm) was found. In the study of the second algae of the genus Spirogyra (Zygnemataceae, Zygnematales, Conjugatophyceae), a strongly birefringent connecting wall between algal cells was found in contrast to the weaker birefringence of the peripheral wall. It was the use of Interphako interference contrast together with polarization filters and a first-order quartz compensator that particularly emphasized the central part of the connecting wall. In the study of the twinned Pleurotaenium algae (Desmidiaceae, Desmidiales, Conjugatophyceae), a strongly birefringent wall was found along the periphery of the cell with a nucleus in the middle part (isthmus). In this narrowing in the center of the cell, a sharply delimited birefringent edge of the cell wall is visible, especially when using Interphako interference contrast along with crossed polarization filters and a first-order quartz compensator. In conclusion, Interphako interference contrast provides a high degree of image contrast in a microscope and, if suitably simultaneously complemented by polarization microscopy (including a first-order quartz compensator), it will allow us to infer some of the composition of the investigated structures. However, working with Interphako interference contrast is considerably more difficult (setting Mach-Zehnder interferometer) than using other contrast techniques (positive and negative phase contrast, color contrast, relief contrast, and dark field).

• MeSH
• Chlorophyta * MeSH
• Birefringence MeSH
• Microscopy, Phase-Contrast MeSH
• Microscopy, Polarization MeSH
• Zygnematales * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Druhé, přepracované vydání základní vysokoškolské učebnice, určené zejména studentům obecné fyziky, přináší ucelený přehled a výklad klasické (nekvantové) optiky. Kniha by měla být zevrubným úvodem do dalšího studia optiky a zároveň zdrojem informací pro studenty, kteří se v budoucnu budou věnovat jiným oborům, na nichž se již optika dále nevyučuje. Text se věnuje nejen obvyklým oblastem (elektromagnetická povaha světla, geometrická a přístrojová optika, ohyb a interference světla, koherence světla), ale zahrnuje také, i když někdy jen stručně, některá témata z modernější optiky (fourierovská optika, vláknová optika, laserová fyzika, nelineární optika). Oproti předchozímu vydání byl především rozšířen výklad gaussovských svazků a doplněn odstavec uvádějící základy optické spektroskopie.

The publication presents a comparative study of two fibre-optic sensors in the application of heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) monitoring of the human body. After consultation with clinical practitioners, two types of non-invasive measuring and analysis systems based on fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and fibre-optic interferometer (FOI) have been designed and assembled. These systems use probes (both patent pending) that have been encapsulated in the bio-compatible polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS). The main advantage of PDMS is that it is electrically non-conductive and, as well as optical fibres, has low permeability. The initial verification measurement of the system designed was performed on four subjects in a harsh magnetic resonance (MR) environment under the supervision of a senior radiology assistant. A follow-up comparative study was conducted, upon a consent of twenty volunteers, in a laboratory environment with a minimum motion load and discussed with a head doctor of the Radiodiagnostic Institute. The goal of the laboratory study was to perform measurements that would simulate as closely as possible the environment of harsh MR or the environment of long-term health care facilities, hospitals and clinics. Conventional HR and RR measurement systems based on ECG measurements and changes in the thoracic circumference were used as references. The data acquired was compared by the objective Bland−Altman (B−A) method and discussed with practitioners. The results obtained confirmed the functionality of the designed probes, both in the case of RR and HR measurements (for both types of B−A, more than 95% of the values lie within the ±1.96 SD range), while demonstrating higher accuracy of the interferometric probe (in case of the RR determination, 95.66% for the FOI probe and 95.53% for the FBG probe, in case of the HR determination, 96.22% for the FOI probe and 95.23% for the FBG probe).

• MeSH
• Artifacts MeSH
• Respiratory Rate physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electrocardiography MeSH
• Phonocardiography MeSH
• Interferometry instrumentation   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Human Body MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging * MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Optical Fibers MeSH
• Optical Phenomena * MeSH
• Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Motion MeSH
• Heart Rate physiology   MeSH
• Fiber Optic Technology instrumentation   MeSH
• Wavelet Analysis MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Největším problémem totální endoprotézy (TEP) kyčle je aseptické uvolnění a periprotetická osteolýza, které jsou podmíněny typem a rychlostí otěru kloubních povrchů. Opotřebení není primární funkcí artikulačních materiálů, nýbrž důsledkem interakcí řady faktorů a podmínek. Tyto faktory a podmínky je možné dílem simulovat in vitro a studovat pomocí optické kolorimetrické interferometrie. Složení kloubní kapaliny, tlakové, rychlostní a další parametry experimentu budou vycházet z reálné situace. Proto je součástí navrhovaného projektu také analýza reálné kloubní kapaliny získané v průběhu reoperace/implantace TEP kyčle. Výstupy projektu budou využitelné při výrobě kloubních implantátů (materiálové a konstrukční inženýrství), při vysvětlení rozdílů v rychlosti opotřebení, přežití implantátu, resp. při pochopení biologických reakcí kolem TEP.; The main problem concerning total hip arthroplasty (THA) is aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis, both are related to the type and rate of joint surface wear. Wear is not a primary function of joint materials but is a result of the interaction of various factors and conditions. These factors and conditions can be simulated at least partially in vitro and analyzed using optic colorimetric interferometry. The composition of joint fluid, pressure, speed and other parameters of the experiment will evolve from the real situation. Therefore analysis of real joint effusions acquired during reoperation/ implantation of THA is part of the proposed study. Results of the project will be exploitable in the construction of joint implants (material and constructive engineering), in clarifying differences in wear rates, survival of implants, and also in understanding the biologic reactions around THA. Therefore, the proposed project is fully in accordance with the R&D program MH Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Biocompatible Materials MeSH
• Colorimetry MeSH
• Hip Prosthesis MeSH
• Lubrication MeSH
• Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip MeSH
• Surface Properties MeSH
• Reoperation MeSH
• Bone-Implant Interface MeSH
• Synovial Fluid MeSH

• Conspectus
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NML Fields
• ortopedie
• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Vysokoškolská učebnice, která se zaměřuje na spiroergometrii.

• MeSH
• Ergometry MeSH
• Spirometry MeSH

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• tělovýchovné lékařství
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

• MeSH
• Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted MeSH

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• lékařská informatika

• MeSH
• Clinical Medicine MeSH
• Contact Lenses MeSH
• Ophthalmology MeSH
• Optics and Photonics MeSH
• Refraction, Ocular MeSH
• Science MeSH

• Conspectus
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NML Fields
• oftalmologie
• věda a výzkum
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

• MeSH
• Clinical Medicine MeSH
• Contact Lenses MeSH
• Ophthalmology MeSH
• Optics and Photonics MeSH
• Refraction, Ocular MeSH
• Science MeSH

• Conspectus
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• oftalmologie
• věda a výzkum
• NML Publication type
• učebnice vysokých škol

• MeSH
• Ophthalmic Assistants MeSH
• Ophthalmology MeSH
• Publication type
• Textbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NML Fields
• oftalmologie