lozenge
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BACKGROUND: Previously, the protective farm effect was imitated using the whey protein beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) that is spiked with iron-flavonoid complexes. Here, we formulated for clinical translation a lozenge as food for special medical purposes (FSMP) using catechin-iron complexes as ligands for BLG. The lozenge was tested in vitro and in a therapeutical BALB/c mice model. METHODS: Binding of iron-catechin into BLG was confirmed by spectroscopy and docking calculations. Serum IgE binding of children allergic or tolerating milk was assessed to loaded (holo-) versus empty (apo-) BLG and for human mast cell degranulation. BLG and Bet v 1 double-sensitized mice were orally treated with the holoBLG or placebo lozenge, and immunologically analysed after systemic allergen challenge. Human PBMCs of pollen allergic subjects were flow cytometrically assessed after stimulation with apoBLG or holoBLG using catechin-iron complexes as ligands. RESULTS: One major IgE and T cell epitope were masked by catechin-iron complexes, which impaired IgE binding of milk-allergic children and degranulation of mast cells. In mice, only supplementation with the holoBLG lozenge reduced clinical reactivity to BLG and Bet v 1, promoted Tregs, and suppressed antigen presentation. In allergic subjects, stimulation of PBMCs with holoBLG led to a significant increase of intracellular iron in circulating CD14+ cells with significantly lower expression of HLADR and CD86 compared to their stimulation with apoBLG. CONCLUSION: The FSMP lozenge targeted antigen presenting cells and dampened immune activation in human immune cells and allergic mice in an antigen-non-specific manner, thereby conferring immune resilience against allergic symptoms.
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- alergie na mléko * MeSH
- farmy MeSH
- laktoglobuliny chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Elektronické cigarety (e-cigarety) patří mezi „ENDS“ (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems), tedy systémy, které dodávají nikotin elektronicky. Výtažek z tabáku v nich nehoří, jen se zahřívá. Výpary mohou nebo nemusí obsahovat nikotin, jsou dostupné také s různými příchutěmi. Neprodukují klasický kouř. Existuje velká variabilita těchto výrobků. Zdá se, že původní negativní postoj bude třeba přehodnotit. I když v jejich výparech byla prokázána stopová množství několika toxických látek, je riziko v porovnání s klasickým kouřením minimální. Navíc se poslední dobou ukazuje, že skutečně mohou pomoci přestat kouřit. Legislativní rámec se značně liší, od zákazu prodeje až po doporučenou pomoc při odvykání. V České republice jsou zařazeny novelizací zákona 379/2005 z roku 2009 mezi tabákové výrobky.
Electronic cigarette (e-cigarettes) belongs to the “ENDS (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems), ie systems that deliver nicotine electronically. Extract of tobacco does not burn, just warm. Vapors may or may not contain nicotine. E-cigarettes are also available with different flavors. They don't produce a classic smoke. There is a large variability of these products. It seems that the initial negative position has to be reconsidered. Although there has been demonstrated trace amounts of several toxic substances in the vapor, the risk compared to traditional smoking is minimal. Moreover, lately it was shown that they can really contribute to smoking quitting. The legislative framework varies considerably, from the prohibition on sales to the recommended assistance in quitting. In the CR they are included according to the Act 379/2005 in 2009 among the tobacco products.
- Klíčová slova
- e-cigareta,
- MeSH
- elektronika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odvykání kouření metody MeSH
- prostředky pro ukončení závislosti na tabáku MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Cílem práce bylo vyvinout antistresové pastilky obsahující 100 mg glycinu a 250 mg magnesium-citrátu získané metodou přímého lisování. Aby bylo možné zvolit optimální složení pomocných látek poskytující dostatečné kvalitativní vlastnosti tabletoviny, mechanickou pevnost tablet a jejich odolnost a pomalé rozpouštění v ústech, bylo připraveno a testováno 27 experimentálních formulací podle frakčního faktoriálního designu latinských čtverců. Pomocné látky použité ve studii byly: Mannogem® EZ, Cellactose® 80 a GalenIQ™ 721 (plniva); Plasdone™ S-630, Kollidon® 90 F a Avicel® PH-101 (suchá pojiva); Metolose® 90SH-4000SR a klovatina guar (gelotvorné látky); PRUV®, Neusilin® US2 a Compritol® 888 CG ATO (antifrakční pomocné látky). Byly zkoumány následující parametry: sypná hustota, Carrův index, oděr, pevnost a doba rozpadavosti in vitro. Pro statistické zpracování byl použit přístup ANOVA, který umožnil odhalit jednotlivé vlivy každé použité pomocné látky a několik interakčních účinků pozorovaných u množství excipientů použitých v této studii. Isomalt (GalenIQ™ 721), kopovidon (Plasdone™ S-630) a glycerylbehenát (Compritol® 888 CG ATO) byly vybrány pro začlenění do konečné formulace lisovaných pastilek.
The aim of this work was to develop anti-stress compressed lozenges containing 100 mg of glycine and 250 mg of magnesium citrate obtained by the direct compression method. To choose optimal excipient composition providing the sufficient pharmaco-technical properties of the tablet blend, mechanical strength of tablets and non-disintegrating, slow-dissolving behavior of compressed lozenges during sucking, 27 experimental formulations according to fractional factorial Latin cube design were prepared and tested. The excipients used in the study were: Mannogem® EZ, Cellactose® 80 and GalenIQ™ 721 (fillers); Plasdone™ S-630, Kollidon® 90 F and Avicel® PH-101 (dry binders); Metolose® 90SH-4000SR and guar gum (gel-forming binders); PRUV®, Neusilin® US2, and Compritol® 888 CG ATO (antifriction excipients). The following parameters were investigated as responses: bulk density, Carr’s index, friability, resistance to crushing, and in vitro disintegration time. ANOVA approach was applied for statistical processing, which allowed to reveal the individual effects of each excipient and several interaction effects observed for the excipient amounts used in this study. Isomalt (GalenIQ™ 721), copovidone (Plasdone™ S-630), and glyceryl behenate (Compritol® 888 CG ATO) were selected to be incorporated in the final formulation of compressed lozenges.
OBJECTIVES: Smoking is one of the biggest public health problems in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the MPOWER package which provides a guide for tobacco control. The package includes six evidence based anti-smoking interventions. This meta-analysis study aims to assess the effectiveness of MPOWER - (M)onitor, (P)rotect, (O)ffer, (W)arn, (E)nforce, and (R)aise. In the study, "smoking prevalence rate, smoking cessation rate and number of cigarettes smoked daily" outputs were used in adult and adolescent age groups. METHODS: Literature search has been made with "smok*, tobacco, cigarette*" keywords from the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane-Library. Abstracts were assessed in detail according to the inclusion criteria by the research team. Quality of articles was evaluated with modified Jadad criteria. The follow-up periods of articles were determined in two groups named as short and long term periods. We used random effects model (p ≤ 0.05) and fixed effects model (p > 0.05) according to the heterogeneity test results. RESULTS: P and O interventions, which are evaluated with smoking cessation rate, increased the smoking cessation rate in adults by 39% in the longest follow-up period - RR: 1.39 (1.23-1.57). However, it was determined that the interventions were not effective on smoking cessation rate in adolescents - RR: 1.13 (0.90-1.42). Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was the most effective intervention for smoking cessation rate in adults. W interventions, which are evaluated with smoking prevalence rate, decreased the smoking prevalence rate in adults by 13% in the longest follow-up period - OR: 0.87 (0.82-0.92). P, W and E interventions, which are evaluated with smoking prevalence rate, decreased the smoking prevalence rate in adolescents by 26% in the longest follow-up period - OR: 0.74 (0.68-0.80). CONCLUSIONS: MPOWER interventions affect smoking prevalence rate, smoking cessation rate and number of cigarettes smoked daily in different age groups. Well-controlled, well-planned and cost-effective anti-smoking interventions have great importance for public health protection.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- odvykání kouření * MeSH
- prostředky pro ukončení závislosti na tabáku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
