pharyngeal arches Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
There is a group of lesions in the head and neck region derived from branchial arches and related structures which, when inflamed, are characterized by the formation of cysts lined by squamous or glandular epithelium and surrounded by a heavy inflammatory infiltrate rich in germinal centers. In the thyroid, the main source of various structures which may cause diagnostic dilemma is the ultimobranchial body. To investigate the spectrum of such thyroid lesions, the consultation files were reviewed for thyroid samples containing pathological structures regarded to arise from the ultimobranchial body. Positive reaction with antibodies against CK5/6, p63, galectin 3, and CEA, and negative reaction with antibodies against thyroglobulin, TTF-1, and calcitonin were used to confirm the diagnosis. The specific subtype of the ultimobranchial body-derived lesion was then determined based on histological examination of H&E-stained slides. Twenty-one cases of ultimobranchial body-derived lesions were retrieved from the consultation files, 20 of them along with clinical information (M/F = 6/14, mean age 55 years, range 36-68 years). Lesions derived from the ultimobranchial body were classified as follows: (hyperplastic) solid cell nests (nine cases), solid cell nests with focal cystic change (five cases), cystic solid cell nests (two cases), branchial cleft-like cyst (four cases), and finally a peculiar Warthin tumor-like lesion (one case). We suggest that the common denominator of these structures is that they all arise due to activation of inflammatory cells around the vestigial structures, which leads to cystic dilatation and proliferation of the epithelial component.
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory štítné žlázy patologie MeSH
- nemoci štítné žlázy patologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- štítná žláza patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
In most vertebrates, pharyngeal arches form in a stereotypic anterior-to-posterior progression. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying evolutionary changes in pharyngeal arch development, here we investigate embryos and larvae of bichirs. Bichirs represent the earliest diverged living group of ray-finned fishes, and possess intriguing traits otherwise typical for lobe-finned fishes such as ventral paired lungs and larval external gills. In bichir embryos, we find that the anteroposterior way of formation of cranial segments is modified by the unique acceleration of the entire hyoid arch segment, with earlier and orchestrated development of the endodermal, mesodermal, and neural crest tissues. This major heterochronic shift in the anteroposterior developmental sequence enables early appearance of the external gills that represent key breathing organs of bichir free-living embryos and early larvae. Bichirs thus stay as unique models for understanding developmental mechanisms facilitating increased breathing capacity.
The incidence of a second branchial arch sinus accounts for 26-60% of all existing congenital malformations deriving from the branchial apparatus. They are most usually detected between 14 months and 7 years of age, while their incidence during neonatal period and infancy accounts for 0.06% of all cases. The aim of this case study is to emphasize three rare characteristic features: the manifestation during neonatal period, the bilateral localization and the ultrasonographic diagnostic documentation. A 25 days old girl was admitted by her parents due to the presence of mucoid excretion from two small openings found on the neck. These openings were found bilaterally, between the mid and lower third of the anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle. Diagnosis was confirmed via ultrasonography. The patient underwent elective surgery during early infancy and both branchial fistulas were excised. Patient's postoperative course was uneventful. IN CONCLUSION: - in cases of a bilateral second branchial arch sinus, the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) or branchio-otic (BO) syndromes must be excluded; - ultrasound scan can be used for the thorough evaluation of the sinus anatomic course and the relationship with the adjacent anatomic structures; - rompt diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention, even during neonatal period, ensures an uneventful post-operation course.
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina abnormality diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen involved in many developmental processes. Injection of cells (5E1) that produce a Shh-blocking antibody causes an attenuation of the Shh response, and this causes vascular malformations and impaired remodeling characterized by hemorrhages and protrusions of the anterior cardinal vein and outflow tract, delayed fusion of the dorsal aortae, impaired branching of the internal carotid artery, and delayed remodeling of the aortic arches. Distribution of smooth muscle cells in the vessel wall is unchanged. In 5E1-injected embryos, we also observed impaired assembly of endothelial cells into vascular tubes, particularly in the sixth branchial arch, around the anterior cardinal vein and around the dorsal aorta. In 5E1-treated embryos, increased numbers of macrophage-like cells, apoptotic cells, and a decreased level of proliferation were observed in head mesenchyme. Together, these observations show that Shh signaling is required at multiple stages for proper vessel formation and remodeling.
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- cévy embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hybridizace in situ MeSH
- hybridomy MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- křepelky a křepelovití MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proteiny hedgehog genetika imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- protilátky imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- ptačí proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- transplantace buněk MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Vrozený střední krční rozštěp (CMCC) je klinická diagnóza, která reprezentuje spektrum vzácných vývojových anomálií. Celkově bylo doposud popsáno méně než 100 případů, první případ popsal Bailey v roce 1924. Nejedná se o pravý rozštěp, protože zde není přítomna mezera mezi sousedními kožními laloky. Kontroverzně se soudí, že jde o selhání srůstu žaberních oblouků ve střední čáře. Jedná se o vrozenou vadu uprostřed ventrální strany krku, která se klinicky projevuje defektem kůže. Defekt obsahuje kožní přívěsek (bradavkovitý výběžek) s atrofickým slizničním povrchem a kaudální píštělí. Přívěsek může srůst vertikálně ve střední čáře s podkožním fibrózním provazcem a způsobit tak omezení krční extenze. Přidruženými defekty CMCC mohou být střední rozštěp mandibuly, jazyka a dolního rtu. Patrně to souvisí s opožděným vývojem mandibuly, s hypoplazií a nebo chyběním krčních struktur, jako je jazylka. Dále se mohou vyskytovat přidružené tyreoglosální a bronchogenní cysty a defekty v jiných částech těla, jako je rozštěp sterna. V literatuře se uvádí, že CMCC je původu žaberního, avšak histologické zhodnocení konkrétního případu nasvědčuje přítomnosti jak žaberních, tak i hrtanových komponent. Autoři podávají zprávu o dvou případech s klinickým obrazem klasického CMCC. První případ ukázal bronchogenní původ s možnou účastí žaberních komponent a druhý případ se zdá být pouze původu žaberního. O embryonálním původu této klinické jednotky se diskutuje a autoři příspěvku komentují hlavní teorie
Congenital midline cervical clefts (CMCC) is a clinical diagnosis and represents a spectrum of rare developmental anomalies. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported overall, the first being described by Bailey in 1924 (1). It is not a true cleft because it does not include a gap between adjacent skin flaps. It is thought to represent a failure of midline fusion of the branchial arches although this is controversial. It is a clinical diagnosis and presents at birth with a ventral midline defect of the skin of the neck. This consists of a skin tag (nipple-like projection), an atrophic mucosal surface and a caudal sinus. It may be associated with a subcutaneous fibrous cord, which can cause a vertical midline tethering restricting cervical extension. Associated defects may be a median cleft of the mandible, tongue and lower lip. There may be an associated delay in mandibular development and hypoplasia or absence of neck structures such as the hyoid bone. Associated thyroglossal and bronchogenic cysts may occur as well as defects in other parts of the body such as a sternal cleft (2). CMCC has been previously reported in the literature as being of a branchial origin, however a review of the histology of previous cases suggests a combined branchial and bronchogenic component (2–6). We report on two cases that presented with the clinical picture of a classical CMCC. Our first case appears to have a bronchogenic origin with possible branchial components and the second case appears to be solely branchial in origin. There is much debate as to the embryology of this clinical entity; we shall endeavour to address the main theories
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina abnormality embryologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- krk abnormality chirurgie patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vrozené vady diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina anatomie a histologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- morfogeneze MeSH
- thymus anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina MeSH
- klíční kost MeSH
- krční svaly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lopatka MeSH
- žebra MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
