The sustenance of humans and livestock depends on the protection of the soil. Consequently, the pollution of the soil with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is of great concern to humanity. The objective of this study is to investigate the source apportionment, concentration levels and spatial distribution of PTEs in selected soils in Frýdek-Místek District of the Czech Republic. The total number of soil samples was 70 (topsoil 49 and 21 subsoils) and was analysed using a portable XRF machine. Contamination factor and the pollution index load were used for the assessment and interpreting the pollution and distribution of PTEs in the soils. The inverse distance weighting was used for the spatial evaluation of the PTEs. The results of the analysis showed that the area is composed of low-to-high pollution site. PTEs displayed spatial variation patterns. The average PTE concentration decreases in this Fe > Ti > Ba > Zr > Rb > Sr > Cr > Y>Cu > Ni > Th order for the topsoil and also decreases in this Fe > Ti > Zr > Ba > Rb > Sr > Cr > Y > Cu > Ni > and Th order for the subsoil. These PTEs Cr, Ni, Cu, Rb, Y, Zr, Ba, Th, and Fe were far above the baseline European average value and the World average value level, respectively. The source apportionment showed the dominance of Cr, Ni, Rb, Ti, Th, Zr, Cu, Fe in the topsoil, while the subsoil was dominated by all the PTEs (factor 1 to 6) except Ba. The study concludes that indiscriminate human activities have an enormous effect on soil pollution.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• prostorová analýza MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí analýza   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Electronic waste (e-waste) has emerged as a global environmental problem because of its massive production volume and un-structured management policy. Since the rate of e-waste accumulation is startling and the combinatorial effects of toxicants are complex, we have investigated six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA)), bisphenol A (BPA), sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and eight heavy metals (HMs) in the surface soil of e-waste recycling workshops and nearby open dumpsites in four metropolitan cities of India viz., New Delhi (north), Kolkata (east), Mumbai (west) and Chennai (south). Average concentration of ∑16PAHs (1259 ng/g), ∑6PAEs (396 ng/g), BPA (140 ng/g) and ∑8HM (1288 mg/kg) in the informal e-waste recycling sites were higher than ∑16PAHs (1029 ng/g), ∑6PAEs (93 ng/g), BPA (121 ng/g) and ∑8HM (675 mg/kg) in dumpsites. Almost 50-90% of BPA, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), ∑7carcPAHs and copper (Cu) were from e-waste sites predominantly from metal recovery sites (EWR). Extensive combustion of e-waste particularly in the EWR sites at New Moore market and Pudupet in Chennai and Wire Lane, Kurla of Mumbai can explain the segregation of diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and carcinogenic PAHs in the first principal component (PC-1). Copper and lead along with highly abundant plasticizers like DEHP, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and BPA were loaded in PC-2. Combined impact of burning the plastic cables in e-waste and acid leaching process especially at Mandoli in New Delhi might have driven this result. Loading of chrysene, DEHA and low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs mostly in dumpsite soil might have resulted from incomplete combustion of dumped e-waste. Copper was found to exhibit the highest pollution estimated by geo-accumulation index (Igeo). Maximum estimated carcinogenic risk for adults via dermal contact was due to copper, followed by chromium, lead and nickel.

• MeSH
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny analýza   MeSH
• dibutylftalát analýza   MeSH
• elektronický odpad analýza   MeSH
• estery analýza   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• kyseliny ftalové analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• recyklace MeSH
• skládková zařízení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• změkčovadla analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indie MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soils and plants of four different ecosystems (forest, grassland, agro and urban ecosystem) at different distances from the source of the pollution were analyzed in order to assess and compare soil contamination in the various ecosystems and determine the potential accumulation of plants depending on the place they inhabit. Correlation relationships among heavy metals in soils differ depending on the ecosystem, and between soil and plant, the heavy metals showed significant correlation for Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd) and pollution load index (PLI) were used in order to determine the level of environmental contamination of the study area. All studied ecosystems were rated as moderately contaminated (except agroecosystem, which was found as low contamination ecosystem) according to Cd and extremely polluted according to PLI. The highest pollution in both cases was found in urban ecosystem, and Cd, Cu and Fe were determined as the biggest pollutants.

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hornictví * MeSH
• hutnictví * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   farmakokinetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The contents of elements in the top soil (upper 5 cm) and deeper soil (5 to 10 cm) layers and in Salix polaris (leaves and stem) from the former Soviet mining town of Pyramiden and its close vicinity on the Svalbard archipelago were determined. The analyses covered major and trace elements, including heavy metals, in order to describe anthropogenic impacts related to the management of the mining town. Soil samples and plant tissues were analysed from 13 localities across and close to town vicinity. The plant ground cover of all sampling points was determined, and plant tissues (leaves and stem) were collected. Higher contents of Cd (3-11 mg kg(-1)) and Mo (11-33 mg kg(-1)) were detected in the soils. With relation to the world average concentration of metals in soils, the geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo) and the level of pollution of the analysed soils were classified into seven pollution grades. The soils of the studied localities were usually unpolluted (grade 1) when analysed for metals, with the soil pollution grades 4-6 identified only for Cd and Mo (moderately to strongly polluted). In Salix polaris, excessive amounts of Fe (60-1520 mg kg(-1)), Zn (80-1050 mg kg(-1)), Cd (0.2-5.5 mg kg(-1)) and Cr (0-3.6 mg kg(-1)) were observed. The Igeo of these elements, compared with values considered sufficient for plants, showed pollution grades from 2 to 6. The pollution load index (PLI) ranged between 0.49 and 1.01. Only one locality could be considered polluted having a PLI higher than 1. Plant/soil transfer factors (TF) for trace metals decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Cd > Mn > Ni > As > Mo > Pb > Co > Al > Cr > Fe. The principal contribution of this study consists in the assessment of the contamination of soils and plants by toxic heavy metals in an otherwise pristine environment of the Svalbard archipelago related to urban/industrial activities.

• MeSH
• arsen analýza   MeSH
• hornictví MeSH
• kovy analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• Salix * MeSH
• stonky rostlin chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Svalbard MeSH

Znečistenie hlukom je také isté nebezpečné ako napr. zamorenie výfukovými plynmi. Je to jeden z novodobých problémov ľudstva. V dnešnej dobre sme vystavení podstatne vyšším decibelom ako v minulosti. Niekoľko desiatok rokov je veľmi krátka doba na adaptáciu sluchu voči takémuto hluku. Samozrejme, sluchový orgán sa po istú hranicu vie prispôsobiť, ale je to individuálne. Niekto vydrží veľkú zvukovú záťaž bez viditeľného poškodenia organizmu, iný pociťuje negatívny vplyv hluku na svojom tele oveľa skôr. Preto by sa nemal podceňovať žiaden hluk v našom okolí.

Noise pollution is the same dangerous like contamination by gases. It is one of the modern problems of mankind. Today we are exposed too much higher decibels than in the past. Several decades are a very short period of adaptation to hearing such noise. Of course, hearing apparatus can adapt to a certain level, but it is very individual. Someone can withstand high load sound without visible damage to the organism, another feels the negative impact of noise much sooner. No noise in our neighborhood should not be underestimated.

• Klíčová slova
• životní styl mládeže, prevence,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• environmentální zdraví trendy   MeSH
• hluk * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nedoslýchavost z hluku etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• poruchy sluchu etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• sluch fyziologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

• MeSH
• lékařská onkologie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• onkologická péče - zařízení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• onkologické ošetřovatelství statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• programy řízené péče MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• onkologie
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hluk škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychofyziologie metody   MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hluk MeSH
• hygiena práce MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• vývoj dítěte MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hluk MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• školní zdravotnické služby MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH