• MeSH
• léčivé rostliny MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty terapeutické užití   MeSH

When a tree dies, it continues to play an important ecological role within forests. Coarse woody debris (CWD), including standing deadwood (SDW) and downed deadwood (DDW), is an important functional component of forest ecosystems, particularly for many dispersal-limited saproxylic taxa and for metapopulation dynamics across landscapes. Processes, such as natural disturbance or management, modify forest composition and structure, thereby influencing CWD abundance and distribution. Many studies have compared older forests to forests managed with even-aged silvicultural systems and observed a prolonged period of low CWD occurrence after harvesting. With fine-scale spatial data, our study compares the long-term impacts of light partial harvesting on the CWD structure of eastern deciduous hardwood forests. We mapped and inventoried DDW and SDW using variable radius plots based on a 10 m × 10 m grid throughout an unmanaged, structurally-complex relict forest and two nearby forests that were partially harvested over 46 years ago. The relict stand had significantly larger individual pieces and higher accumulations of DDW and SDW than both of the partially harvested stands. Connectivity of CWD was much higher in the relict stand, which had fewer, larger patches. Larger pieces and higher proportion of decay-resistant species (e.g. Quercus spp.) in the relict forest resulted in slower decomposition, greater accumulation and increased connectivity of CWD. Partial harvests, such that occur with selection forestry, are generally considered less disruptive of ecosystem services, but this study highlights the long-term impacts of even light partial harvests on CWD stocks and distribution. When planning harvesting events, forest managers should also consider alternative methods to ensure the sustainability of deadwood resources and function.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• dřevo chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• stromy fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• pitva MeSH
• posmrtné změny MeSH

The life cycle of the swim bladder nematode Huffmanela huffmani Moravec, 1987 (Trichinelloidea: Trichosomoididae), an endemic parasite of centrarchid fishes in the upper spring run of the San Marcos River in Hays County, Texas, USA, was experimentally completed. The amphipods Hyalella cf. azteca (Saussure), Hyalella sp. and Gammarus sp. were successfully infected with larvated eggs of Huffmanela huffmani. After ingestion of eggs of H. huffmani by experimental amphipods, the first-stage larvae hatch from their eggshells and penetrate through the digestive tract to the hemocoel of the amphipod. Within about 5 days in the hemocoel of the experimental amphipods at 22 °C, the larvae presumably attained the second larval stage and were infective for the experimental centrarchid definitive hosts, Lepomis spp. The minimum incubation period before adult nematodes began laying eggs in the swim bladders of the definitive hosts was found to be about 7.5 months at 22 °C. This is the first experimentally completed life cycle within the Huffmanelinae.

• MeSH
• Amphipoda parazitologie   MeSH
• čas MeSH
• hlístice fyziologie   MeSH
• nematodózy parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• Perciformes parazitologie   MeSH
• stadia vývoje * MeSH
• vzdušné vaky parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Texas MeSH

The localisation and distribution of the serotoninergic nerve elements was studied for the first time in the flatworm Chimaericola leptogaster (Leuckart, 1830) using immunocytochemical methodology and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The musculature was investigated by histochemical staining of actin filaments; scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the sensory structures on the worm's surface. Uniciliated, bi-ciliated and multiciliated sensory endings have been described on the worm's surface. The morphological data demonstrate the presence of circular, longitudinal and diagonal muscles that comprise the musculature of C. leptogaster in the anterior, median and posterior body regions. Well-developed radial and circular muscle fibres were also observed surrounding the genital pore, two vaginae and in clumps of the haptor. The study revealed the presence of biogenic amine, serotonin, in the central and peripheral nervous systems of C. leptogaster: in the neurons and fibres of the cephalic ganglia and ventral nerve cord, in the innervation of reproductive system compartments. The localised sites of the serotoninergic elements point to important roles of serotonin in monogenean reproductive processes and, possibly, in the regulation of muscle function.

• MeSH
• imunohistochemie veterinární   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie veterinární   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární   MeSH
• nervový systém - fyziologické jevy * MeSH
• nervový systém cytologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• ryby parazitologie   MeSH
• serotonin analýza   MeSH
• svaly cytologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Trematoda cytologie   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• divoká zvířata parazitologie   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• filarióza epidemiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• klíšťata parazitologie   MeSH
• mikrofilárie izolace a purifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Cryptosporidium parvum contains a unique fusion protein pyruvate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CpPNO) that is composed of two distinct, conserved domains, an N-terminal pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFO) and a C-terminal cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). Unlike a similar fusion protein that localizes to the mitochondrion of the photosynthetic protist Euglena gracilis, CpPNO lacks an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Using two distinct polyclonal antibodies raised against CpPFO and one polyclonal antibody against CpCPR, Western blot analysis has shown that sporozoites of C. parvum express the entire CpPNO fusion protein. Furthermore, confocal immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy confirm that CpPNO is localized within the cytosol rather than the relict mitochondrion of C. parvum. The distribution of this protein is not, however, strictly confined to the cytosol. CpPNO also appears to localize posteriorly within the crystalloid body.

• MeSH
• Cryptosporidium parvum cytologie   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• cytosol enzymologie   MeSH
• Euglena gracilis cytologie   enzymologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
• ketonoxidoreduktasy analýza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• NADPH-cytochrom c-reduktasa analýza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• organely enzymologie   MeSH
• protozoální proteiny analýza   MeSH
• pyruvátsynthasa analýza   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• sporozoiti cytologie   enzymologie   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Timoniella spp. are cryptogonimid flukes (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) that parasitize the guts of fish in brackish waters. Timoniella imbutiforme, a species from the Mediterranean Sea, is recorded in the Black Sea, while T. balthica has been described from the Baltic Sea. In this paper, we clarify the taxonomic status of Timoniella populations in the Baltic and Black seas. Adults and metacercariae of Timoniella spp. were sampled from localities in the Mediterranean Sea (France), Black Sea (Ukraine) and Baltic Sea (Germany) and subjected to molecular and morphological analysis, including Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences of ITS1-ITS2-28S. This allowed us to construct a new key to species of the genus Timoniella. Our results suggest that T. balthica forms part of the Boreal-Atlantic relict fauna of the Black Sea and should now be considered a junior synonym of T. imbutiforme.

• MeSH
• DNA helmintů chemie   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• oceány a moře MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 28S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Trematoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• oceány a moře MeSH

MAIN CONCLUSION: The current state-of-the-art creates a sound basis for the preservation of unique species Cupressus dupreziana provided that targeted effort and care is devoted to the accomplishment of multiplication protocols. This review is to summarize known data on Cupressus dupreziana-specific characteristics, including abiotic stress resistance, and natural reproduction, and estimates the possibilities of ex situ conservation with an emphasis on the cultivation in vitro of this endangered species. As there is only limited information about the cultivation of C. dupreziana in vitro, we have included relevant data on the related species Cupressus sempervirens, where micropropagation techniques are well established, along with other information on species with similar fates and life strategies-Saharan olive Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei and myrtle Myrthus nivellei. The aim of this work is to enhance general understanding and to promote an interest in this relict plant species to contribute to more wide-ranging studies and to increase its chance of preservation. Besides others, reducing the number of species threatened with extinction is an essential and immediate task as high genetic variability of ecosystems is crucial for their stability under changing climatic conditions.

• MeSH
• cypřiš (rod) růst a vývoj   fyziologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• ohrožené druhy * MeSH
• rozmnožování fyziologie   MeSH
• šlechtění rostlin MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• severní Afrika MeSH

The ongoing exploration of biodiversity and the implementation of new molecular tools continue to unveil hitherto unknown lineages. Here, we report the discovery of three species of neotenic beetles for which we propose the new family Iberobaeniidae. Complete mitochondrial genomes and rRNA genes recovered Iberobaeniidae as a deep branch in Elateroidea, as sister to Lycidae (net-winged beetles). Two species of the new genus Iberobaenia, Iberobaenia minuta sp. nov. and Iberobaenia lencinai sp. nov. were found in the adult stage. In a separate incidence, a related sequence was identified in bulk samples of soil invertebrates subjected to shotgun sequencing and mitogenome assembly, which was traced to a larval voucher specimen of a third species of Iberobaenia Iberobaenia shows characters shared with other elateroid neotenic lineages, including soft-bodiedness, the hypognathous head, reduced mouthparts with reduced labial palpomeres, and extremely small-bodied males without strengthening structures due to miniaturization. Molecular dating shows that Iberobaeniidae represents an ancient relict lineage originating in the Lower Jurassic, which possibly indicates a long history of neoteny, usually considered to be evolutionarily short-lived. The apparent endemism of Iberobaeniidae in the Mediterranean region highlights the importance of this biodiversity hotspot and the need for further species exploration even in the well-studied European continent.

• MeSH
• brouci anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Španělsko MeSH