sex-bias Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The main role of research in medicine is to provide relevant knowledge which, after successful translation to clinical practice, improves the quality of healthcare. The sex bias which is still present in the majority of research disciplines prefers male subjects despite legislation changes in the US grant agencies and European research programme Horizon 2020. Male subjects (cells, animals) still dominate in preclinical research and it has detrimental consequences for women's health and the quality of science. Opposite bias exists for data obtained mainly in animal models utilizing female subjects (e.g. research in multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis) with skewed outcomes for men affected by these diseases. Either way, scientists are producing results which compromise half of the population. Assumptions that females as cohorts are more variable and another assumption that the oestrous cycle should be tracked in case the females are enrolled in preclinical studies were proven wrong. Variability of male versus female cohorts are comparable and do not only stem from hormonal levels. The widespread prevalence of sex differences in human diseases ultimately requires detailed experiments performed on both sexes, unless the studies are specifically addressing reproduction or sex-related behaviors.
This review is a condensed summary of representative articles addressing the sex/gender bias in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The strong effects of sex on the incidence and possibly also the activity and progression of these disorders should be implemented in the evaluation of any phase of clinical research and also in treatment choice consideration in clinical practice and evaluation of MRI parameters. Some relationships between clinical variables and gender still remain elusive but with further understanding of sex/gender-related differences, we should be able to provide appropriate patient-centered care and research.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- sexismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The Trivers-Willard Hypothesis (TWH) states that parents in good conditions bias the sex ratio towards sons and parents in poor conditions bias the sex ratio towards daughters. This study used data from a large nationwide population dataset (N=1,401,851) from the Czech Republic - a modern contemporary society. The study included air pollution and property prices in the TWH estimation, and had a more detailed focus on stillbirths than previous studies. Using official natality microdata from the Czech Statistical Office for years between 1992 and 2010 and data on levels of air pollution in the country over the same period, the study assessed whether the biological and socioeconomic status of mothers and environmental factors affected the sex of children. The results were largely insignificant and not robust across specifications. The presented epidemiological evidence suggests that stillbirths are randomly distributed in the Czech Republic and that the sex ratio is not affected by the socioeconomic status of mothers or by environmental characteristics.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matky MeSH
- narození mrtvého plodu epidemiologie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- nukleární rodina MeSH
- poměr pohlaví * MeSH
- porod * MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- společenská třída * MeSH
- zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- MeSH
- feminismus * MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy MeSH
- lékařky MeSH
- řízení zdravotnictví MeSH
- sexismus * MeSH
- stereotypizace * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
Společnost ; Sv. 28
Vydání 1. 212 stran ; 24 cm
Kniha zkoumá fenomén výzkumů mezipohlavních rozdílů. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno
- MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- sexismus MeSH
- ženy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Sociologie
- NLK Obory
- sociologie
- MeSH
- feminismus * MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
- lékařky MeSH
- moc (psychologie) MeSH
- sexismus * MeSH
- stereotypizace * MeSH
- ženy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- MeSH
- feminismus * MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
- lékařky MeSH
- moc (psychologie) MeSH
- sexismus * MeSH
- stereotypizace * MeSH
- ženy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- komentáře MeSH
- MeSH
- interpersonální vztahy MeSH
- lékařky * MeSH
- sexismus * MeSH
- stereotypizace MeSH
- zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
