sharka Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Members the Potyviridae family belong to a group of plant viruses that are causing devastating plant diseases with a significant impact on agronomy and economics. Plum pox virus (PPV), as a causative agent of sharka disease, is widely discussed. The understanding of the molecular biology of potyviruses including PPV and the function of individual proteins as products of genome expression are quite necessary for the proposal the new antiviral strategies. This review brings to view the members of Potyviridae family with respect to plum pox virus. The genome of potyviruses is discussed with respect to protein products of its expression and their function. Plum pox virus distribution, genome organization, transmission and biochemical changes in infected plants are introduced. In addition, techniques used in PPV detection are accentuated and discussed, especially with respect to new modern techniques of nucleic acids isolation, based on the nanotechnological approach. Finally, perspectives on the future of possibilities for nanotechnology application in PPV determination/identification are outlined.
Plum pox virus (PPV), the agent responsible for sharka disease, is the most important viral pathogen of stone fruit trees. The fruits of these fruit species are widely used in the processing industry, thus being economically very attractive. This viral disease significantly reduces the vitality of the fruit trees and the quantity and quality of fruits. The present review describes recent methods used for the identification and characterization of economically important Plum pox virus. Understanding the diversity of plant viruses is an essential step to design efficient management strategies to eliminate economical losses.
Paraberrapex atlanticus sp. n. (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea) is described from the spiral intestine of the angel shark Squatina guggenheim Marini from coastal waters off Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Paraberrapex atlanticus sp. n. can be distinguished from the only species described in the genus, P. manifestus Jensen, 2001 in having cocoons 5-6 times longer with more eggs per cocoon, the extension of the uterine duct, the distribution of vitelline follicles, and the size and density of microtriches on the bothridial surfaces. The presence of P. atlanticus sp. n. in S. guggenheim confirms the specificity of Paraberrapex Jensen, 2001 for squatiniform sharks.
- MeSH
- Cestoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- střeva parazitologie MeSH
- žraloci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Argentina MeSH
Squalene is a natural triterpenoid present virtually in all taxonomic groups. Its use for improving human health is rooted in ancient human history as several Pacific nations consumed the oil from livers of deep-sea sharks with high squalene content to improve their health and extend the life. In addition to the use as nutritional supplement, this molecule finds today many applications in pharmacology and cosmetics, or as a valuable industrial lubricant. Broad application potential of squalene is related to its physico-chemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and to its ability to interact with cell membranes. The industrial use of squalene is limited by short natural resources. Even today squalene is acquired mainly from shark liver oil; however, this source is no more tenable from the environmental viewpoint. Plant sources (e.g. olives, amaranth seeds) and particularly microbial production are thus gaining importance as promising alternatives for extended industrial use of squalene.
- MeSH
- biotechnologie MeSH
- skvalen * farmakologie chemická syntéza chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Copepods of the genus Achtheinus Wilson, 1908 (Pandaridae) are parasites of elasmobranchs that attach to their fins, gill slits and around the nostrils. Specimens of Achtheinus pinguis Wilson, 1912 were collected and examined using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine their way of attachment to the host and the possible effect on the host. They insert their antennae deep into the dermis of the shark's skin, which causes the most damage due to possible tissue compression and/or fibrosis as well as rupture of the connective tissue. Additionally, the presence of the copepod on the skin causes cell erosion of the epidermal cells and thus reduces the number of epidermal layers. The maxillipeds are used to attach to the placoid scales that cover the shark's skin and probably serve to keep the copepod and inserted antennae in position. This is accomplished by the insertion of the placoid scales into the flaccid corpus of the maxillipeds. Observed damage seems to be negligible to the shark apart from the possibility of secondary infection.
- Klíčová slova
- plakoidní šupiny, maxillipeds,
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina parazitologie MeSH
- Copepoda * anatomie a histologie klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- Elasmobranchii * anatomie a histologie parazitologie MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- kůže patologie MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- ploutve zvířat anatomie a histologie parazitologie patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- tkáně patologie MeSH
- tykadla členovců anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zvířecí šupiny anatomie a histologie parazitologie patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Examination of seven specimens of an undescribed species of bamboo shark (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae), currently referred to as Chiloscyllium sp. 1, from Sri Lanka yielded three new species of 'tetraphyllidean' cestodes, one each in the genera Carpobothrium Shipley et Hornell, 1906, Spiniloculus Southwell, 1925, and Yorkeria Southwell, 1927. Carpobothrium marjorieae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. differs from its three valid congeners in total length, number of testes, and size of the apical sucker of its anterior bothridial flap. Like Carpobothrium eleanorae Koontz et Caira, 2016 it possesses spherical eggs with highly elongate bipolar filaments, but its eggs are conspicuously larger than those of the latter species. Spiniloculus akshayi Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. can be distinguished from its five congeners in total length and number of proglottids. Yorkeria sachiniae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. differs from its 16 congeners in number of proglottids and testes, total length, terminal proglottid, cirrus sac, and cephalic peduncle length, hook size, genital pore position, and bothridial shape. The eggs of Y. sachiniae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. are spindle-shaped and bear a single long, polar filament. All three species were found to exhibit microthrix patterns on their scolices like those of the majority of their congeners that have been examined to date with scanning electron microscopy. Microtriches on the distal surfaces of the bothridial pouches of a species of Carpobothrium were characterised for the first time; C. marjorieae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp. n. was found to possess a modified form of gladiate spinithrix on this surface. Among the seven members of the genus, this is the first species of Chiloscyllium Müller et Henle that has been found to host representatives of all three of these 'tetraphyllidean' genera. However, unlike most of its congeners, a representative of the non-hooked genus Scyphophyllidium Woodland, 1927 was not found infecting Chiloscyllium sp. 1.
- MeSH
- Cestoda * anatomie a histologie klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- cestodózy veterinární MeSH
- klasifikace MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- testis anatomie a histologie MeSH
- žraloci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Srí Lanka MeSH
