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In vertebrates, skeletal muscles of the body are made up of epaxial and hypaxial muscles based on their innervation and relative position to the vertebral column. The epaxial muscles are innervated by the dorsal branches of the spinal nerves and comprise the intrinsic (deep) back muscles, while the hypaxial muscles are innervated by the ventral branches of the spinal nerves including the plexus and consist of a heterogeneous group of intercostal, abdominal, and limb as well as girdle muscles. The canonical view holds that the epaxial muscles are derived from the medial halves of the somites, whereas the hypaxial muscles are all derived from the lateral somitic halves. The rhomboid muscles are situated dorsal to the vertebral column and therefore in the domain typically occupied by epaxial muscles. However, they are innervated by a ventral branch of the brachial plexus called the N. dorsalis scapulae. Due to the apparent inappropriate position of the muscle in relation to its innervation we investigated its origin to help clarify this issue. To study the embryonic origin of the rhomboid muscles, we followed derivatives of the medial and lateral somite halves using quail-chick chimeras. Our results showed that the rhomboid muscles are made up of cells derived mainly from the lateral portion of the somite. Therefore the rhomboid muscles which lie within the epaxial domain of the body, originate from the hypaxial domain of the somites. However their connective tissue is derived from both medial and lateral somites.
... ) Molecular compared to morphological criteria 33 -- BOX 2: The role of segmentation 34 -- BOX 3: Somites ... ... Segmentation in the rostral head is probably fundamental 84 -- Conclusions 85 b) The likely dominance of somitic ...
Acta Universitatis Carolinae, ISSN 0567-8250 158. Medica - monographia
1st ed. 165 s. : il. ; 23 cm
- MeSH
- Chordata MeSH
- embryonální vývoj MeSH
- epigeneze genetická MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hlava embryologie MeSH
- mezoderm MeSH
- somity MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biologické vědy
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- biologie
In vertebrates, head and trunk muscles develop from different mesodermal populations and are regulated by distinct genetic networks. Neck muscles at the head-trunk interface remain poorly defined due to their complex morphogenesis and dual mesodermal origins. Here, we use genetically modified mice to establish a 3D model that integrates regulatory genes, cell populations and morphogenetic events that define this transition zone. We show that the evolutionary conserved cucullaris-derived muscles originate from posterior cardiopharyngeal mesoderm, not lateral plate mesoderm, and we define new boundaries for neural crest and mesodermal contributions to neck connective tissue. Furthermore, lineage studies and functional analysis of Tbx1- and Pax3-null mice reveal a unique developmental program for somitic neck muscles that is distinct from that of somitic trunk muscles. Our findings unveil the embryological and developmental requirements underlying tetrapod neck myogenesis and provide a blueprint to investigate how muscle subsets are selectively affected in some human myopathies.
- MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
- kosterní svaly diagnostické zobrazování embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- krční svaly diagnostické zobrazování embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- mezoderm diagnostické zobrazování embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- morfogeneze * MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- pojivová tkáň diagnostické zobrazování embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- proteiny T-boxu genetika metabolismus MeSH
- rentgenová mikrotomografie MeSH
- savci embryologie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- somity diagnostické zobrazování embryologie metabolismus MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
A new species of parasitic copepod Anchistrotos tangi sp. n. (Cyclopoida: Taeniacanthidae) is described based on adult female specimens collected from the gills of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) captured off Iraq. The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters in the adult female: 1) the rostral area sclerotised; 2) the presence of row of spinules on the proximal and distal margins of the anal somite; 3) the maxilliped claw with 2 long whip-like setae just crossing the distal edge of claw with serrated terminal margin; and 4) the leg 5 ornamented with patched spinules distally. This is the ninth nominal species of Anchistrotos Brian, 1906.
- MeSH
- Copepoda klasifikace MeSH
- infestace ektoparazity epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indický oceán MeSH
... ČasovTé zhodnocení vývoje lidského zárodku áž potud, kdy se objeví první somity 91—93 -- Souhrn 94 100 ...
1. vyd. 133 s., 47 s. příl. : il. ; 25 cm
Kniha se zabývá raným vývojem lidského zárodku, opírá se mimo jiné o vlastní autorovy výzkumy a uvádí i nové, dosud nikde, ani v zahraničí nepublikované údaje a pozorování, která se podařilo autorovi získati od embryologů světového významu. V první části spisu je podán kritický přehled dosud publikovaných statí o lidských zárodcích, druhá část pak probírá blastogenesi člověka v tomto pořadí: 1. Zrání, oplození, rýhování, 2. Implantace, 3. Diferenciace trofoblastu až po vznik choria, 4. Vývoj extraembryonálních struktur, 5. Vývoj lidského zárodku až po stadium vzniku prvosegmentů, 6. Časový rozvrh vývoje lidského zárodku až potud, kdy se objeví první somity.
- MeSH
- blastocysta fyziologie MeSH
- embryologie MeSH
- embryonální vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- výzkum embrya MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
- NLK Obory
- embryologie a teratologie
Congenital developmental defects of Müllerian derivates, understandable with the knowledge of embryological development of Wolffian and Müllerian ducts, are defects of canalisation (= gynatresias), defects in fusing, combined defects and uterovaginal agenesis. Gynatresias should be suspected in the newborn, but distinguished in puberty, on the basis of menstrual blood retention, as hymeneal atresia (haematocolpos), aplasia partis distalis vaginae (haematocolpos partialis), transversal vagina septum and aplasia of vagina and uterine cervix (isolated haematometra). Particular operations are described. Defects in the fusing of Müllerian ducts from the point of view of surgery could be single-coated or double-coated. Incomplete reduplication with unilateral renal aplasia syndrome could present as hemihaematocolpos, hemihaematometra and haematometra in rudimental horn. For diagnosis of these disorders menstrual blood retention is necessary. Surgical treatment in the first two types includes resection of the common wall and haematometra in rudimental horn needs metroplasty or hemihysterectomy. Congenital absence of uterus and vagina (Rokitanski Küster) appears in genetically, endocrinologically and psychosexually normal females. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and ultrasonography. Initial examination should be nonsurgical (dilatation method). All surgical corrections create a place for the future vagina and reach its epithelization. Different procedures are criticised. The author recommends and describes Vecchietti's laparoscopic surgery.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- ductus Mülleri abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- ledviny abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mnohočetné abnormality diagnóza chirurgie terapie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- páteř abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- somity abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- urogenitální abnormality diagnóza chirurgie terapie MeSH
- uterus abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- vagina abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Kongenitálne anomálie v krčnej chrbtici sú relatívne zriedkavé. Kostná kontinuita je ako dôsledok chyby normálnej segmentácie vertebrálnych somitov v preoseálnom štádiu počas embryonálneho vývoja. Fúzia môže nastať v tele, alebo v zadnej časti, alebo v oboch častiach stavca. V týchto prípadoch môže medzistavcová platnička úplne chýbať, alebo sa môže objaviť ako rudimentárna štruktúra. V našej kazuistike popisujeme prípad 39-ročnej robotníčky pracujúcej v pásovej výrobe s cervikálnou synostózou C4-5 a kompresívnym cervikobrachiálnym syndrómom C6 vľavo. Samotná kongenitálna cervikálna synostóza C4-5 je klinicky nemá a problémy začnú až s rozvojom degeneratívnych zmien v segmente pod synostózou. Hypermobilný úsek C5-6 podlieha rýchlejšej degenerácii. V prípade našej pacientky statické jednostranné preťaženie v práci degeneráciu najviac namáhaného segmentu pod synostózou ešte urýchlilo a vyvinul sa kompresívny koreňový syndróm C6 vľavo na podklade hernie intervertebrálneho disku. Po konzervatívnej liečbe v trvaní jeden a pol mesiaca bola bez ťažkostí, ale naďalej veľmi riziková. Odporučili sme jej zmenu práce, upraviť životný štýl, absolvovať kúpeľnú liečbu a dodržiavať vertebrogénny režim. Pacientka naše odporúčania nerešpektovala a pokračovala v pôvodnom zamestnaní. To viedlo k dekompenzácii stavu s vyžiadaním si prednej diskektómie C5-6 s rigidnou náhradou disku. Domnievame sa, že pacienti s cervikálnou synostózou C4-5 sú pri pravidelnej manuálnej a jednostrannej záťaži viac rizikoví. V prípade diagnostiky synostózy stavcov cervikálnej chrbtice je kompenzácia svalových dysbalancií kľúčová v prevencii vzniku včasných diskopatií. Súčasťou preventívnych opatrení je posúdenie pracovného zaťaženia a podľa vývoja ochorenia aj zmena zamestnania.
Congenital anomalies in cervical spine are relatively rare. Bony continuity results from failure of normal segmentation of the vertebral somites at the preosseous stage during embryonic development. The fusion can occur in the body or in the back part or in both parts of the vertebra. In these cases, the intervertebral disc may be completely absent or may appear as a rudimentary structure. In our case report we describe a case of a 39 year old female working in assembly-line production with C4-5 cervical synostosis and C6 compressive cervicobrachial syndrome on the left. The C4-5 congenital cervical synostosis itself is clinically silent and problems will only begin with development of degenerative changes in the segment under the synostosis. Hypermobile C5-6 section is subject to more rapid degeneration. In our patient’s case, static one-sided work overload of the most stressed segment under the stenosis even accelerated the degeneration and gave rise to C6 root compression syndrome on the left on the basis of the intervertebral disc herniation. Though she was without difficulties after conservative treatment lasting one and a half months, yet she remained very risky. We recommended changing her job, modifying her lifestyle, completing a spa treatment and adhering to vertebrogenic regime. The patient neglected our recommendations and has continued in the same job. It resulted in a decompensation with the necessity of the anterior C5-6 discectomy with rigid disc replacement. We believe that patients with cervical C4-5 synostosis when exposed to regular manual and one-sided load are at higher risk. In the case of diagnosis of cervical spine vertebral synostosis, muscle dysbalance compensation is crucial in the prevention of early discopathy. Preventive measures include an assessment of workload and, according to development of the disease, also job change.
- Klíčová slova
- blokáda krční páteře,
- MeSH
- bolesti zad * chirurgie rehabilitace MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- diskektomie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervosvalová blokáda MeSH
- páteř * patologie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie využití MeSH
- rehabilitace * metody MeSH
- synostóza * chirurgie rehabilitace MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH