spatial PCA
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V období 11/2016 až 11/2017 byly na našem pracovišti zachyceny tři případy oboustranné ischemie paramediálního thalamu odpovídající okluzi Percheronovy arterie. V prvním případě se jednalo o 48letou ženu vyšetřovanou pro lehkou alteraci vědomí a dezorientaci. V druhém případě o 51letého muže v bezvědomí s intermitentními tonicko-klonickými křečemi. V posledním, třetím případě se jednalo o 56letého muže primárně vyšetřovaného pro subarachnoidální krvácení (SAK) ze známého aneurysmatu ve vrcholu a. basilaris. Byl léčen endovaskulárně zavedením stentu přes krček aneurysmatu do levé a. cerebri posterior (ACP) a embolizací spirálami, po intervenci se rozvinula mydriáza levého oka a porucha vědomí kolísajícího stupně. Na kontrolním nativním CT byl zobrazen obraz bilaterální mediální thalamické ischemie.
Three cases of bilateral paramedian thalamus ischemia consistent with the occlusion of the artery of Percheron were indentified in our department between 11/2016 and 11/2017. In the first case, it was a 48-year-old woman investigated for mild alteration of conciousness and desorientation in place and time. In the second case, it was a 51-year-old man presenting with uncousciousness and intermittent tonic-clonic seizures. In the third case, it was a 56-year-old man primary examined for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) with known aneurysm at the tip of the basilar artery. Patient was treated by stenting of the left posterior cerebral artery and sac embolisation. In the last patient, mydriasis of left eye, alternating disturbance of consciousness and CT finding of bilateral medial thalamic ischemia developed on the following day after the endovascular intervention.
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- exotropie etiologie MeSH
- foramen ovale apertum diagnostické zobrazování komplikace MeSH
- infarkt arteria cerebri posterior * diagnostické zobrazování etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonance kinematografická metody MeSH
- nemoci thalamu diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody MeSH
- poruchy paměti etiologie MeSH
- poruchy vědomí etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Human forensic STRs used for individual identification have been reported to have little power for inter-population analyses. Several methods have been developed which incorporate information on the spatial distribution of individuals to arrive at a description of the arrangement of diversity. We genotyped at 16 forensic STRs a large population sample obtained from many locations in Italy, Greece and Turkey, i.e. three countries crucial to the understanding of discontinuities at the European/Asian junction and the genetic legacy of ancient migrations, but seldom represented together in previous studies. Using spatial PCA on the full dataset, we detected patterns of population affinities in the area. Additionally, we devised objective criteria to reduce the overall complexity into reduced datasets. Independent spatially explicit methods applied to these latter datasets converged in showing that the extraction of information on long- to medium-range geographical trends and structuring from the overall diversity is possible. All analyses returned the picture of a background clinal variation, with regional discontinuities captured by each of the reduced datasets. Several aspects of our results are confirmed on external STR datasets and replicate those of genome-wide SNP typings. High levels of gene flow were inferred within the main continental areas by coalescent simulations. These results are promising from a microevolutionary perspective, in view of the fast pace at which forensic data are being accumulated for many locales. It is foreseeable that this will allow the exploitation of an invaluable genotypic resource, assembled for other (forensic) purposes, to clarify important aspects in the formation of local gene pools.
- MeSH
- genetická variace genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice genetika MeSH
- modely genetické * MeSH
- populační genetika * MeSH
- soudní genetika * MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středomoří MeSH
Pine needles were sampled to determine levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and metals in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles at industrial, urban and background sites in Sweden (SW), Czech Republic (CZ) and Slovakia (SK). Spatial and temporal patterns of PCDD/Fs in pine needles were investigated and principal component analysis (PCA) used to determine spatial patterns, potential sources and transport of PCDD/Fs. Levels of PCDD/Fs in pine needles were generally greatest near to industrial sites (Ʃ2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs (lower bound (LB)): 6 ng kg(-1) - 190 ng kg(-1)) compared to urban and background sites (Ʃ2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs (LB): 0.90 ng kg(-1) - 20 ng kg(-1)). Using metal contamination in pine needles helped to detect spatial patterns and separate local thermal sources of PCDD/Fs.
- MeSH
- borovice lesní * MeSH
- kovy analýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analýza MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzofurany analýza MeSH
- průmysl MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Švédsko MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
Objectives. The study aimed to explore which barriers adult people perceive when deciding whether to enter psychotherapy and how these barriers influence their decision to start psychotherapy. Sample and setting. The sample consisted of 392 adult respondents who considered entering individual psychotherapy during the last five years. They completed a questionnaire on perceived barriers to entering psychotherapy, the phase of decision-making, and the severity of psychological symptoms. Hypotheses. This was an exploratory study with the following questions: a) What is the perceived importance of specific barriers to entering psychotherapy? b) What groups (principal components) of barriers to entering psychotherapy can be identified? c) What is the relationship between the perceived importance of barriers and the decision to enter psychotherapy? Statistical analysis. The number of barriers was reduced using PCA. The relationship of the decision-making phase to other variables was explored via multinomial regression analysis. Results. The most severe barrier to entering psychotherapy were price, reluctance to express emotions in front of others and the assumption that one’s problems were not as severe as the problems of people in psychotherapy. Respondents who decided not to enter psychotherapy were older, expressed more distrust of psychotherapy, and perceived it as more stigmatizing than those who contacted a therapist. Respondents who decided to enter psychotherapy (but who had not contacted a therapist) had less severe symptoms and perceived psychotherapy as more stigmatizing than those who contacted a therapist.
Herein, we describe the preparation of liposomes with folate-targeting properties for the encapsulation of anti-sarcosine antibodies (antisarAbs@LIP) and sarcosine (sar@LIP). The competitive inhibitory effects of exogenously added folic acid supported the role of folate targeting in liposome internalization. We examined the effects of repeated administration on mice PC-3 xenografts. Sar@LIP treatment significantly increased tumor volume and weight compared to controls treated with empty liposomes. Moreover, antisarAbs@LIP administration exhibited a mild antitumor effect. We also identified differences in gene expression patterns post-treatment. Furthermore, Sar@LIP treatment resulted in decreased amounts of tumor zinc ions and total metallothioneins. Examination of the spatial distribution across the tumor sections revealed a sarcosine-related decline of the MT1X isoform within the marginal regions but an elevation after antisarAbs@LIP administration. Our exploratory results demonstrate the importance of sarcosine as an oncometabolite in PCa. Moreover, we have shown that sarcosine can be a potential target for anticancer strategies in management of PCa.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- fosfatidylethanolaminy MeSH
- kyselina listová metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- liposomy * chemie ultrastruktura MeSH
- metalothionein metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory prostaty farmakoterapie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- sarkosin antagonisté a inhibitory chemie MeSH
- tumor burden účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- xenogenní modely - testy protinádorové aktivity MeSH
- zinek metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
DNA hypermethylation is one of the most common epigenetic modifications in prostate cancer (PCa). Several studies have delineated sarcosine as a PCa oncometabolite that increases the migration of malignant prostate cells while decreasing their doubling time. Here, we show that incubation of prostate cells with sarcosine elicited the upregulation of sarcosine N-demethylation enzymes, sarcosine dehydrogenase and pipecolic acid oxidase. This process was accompanied by a considerable increase in the production of the major methyl-donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), together with an elevation of cellular methylation potential. Global DNA methylation analyses revealed increases in methylated CpG islands in distinct prostate cell lines incubated with sarcosine, but not in cells of nonprostate origin. This phenomenon was further associated with marked upregulation of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts). Epigenetic changes were recapitulated through blunting of Dnmts using the hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine, which was able to inhibit sarcosine-induced migration of prostate cells. Moreover, spatial mapping revealed concomitant increases in sarcosine, SAMe and Dnmt1 in histologically confirmed malignant prostate tissue, but not in adjacent or nonmalignant tissue, which is in line with the obtained in vitro data. In summary, we show here for the first time that sarcosine acts as an epigenetic modifier of prostate cells and that this may contribute to its oncometabolic role.
- MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- CpG ostrůvky * MeSH
- epigeneze genetická účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prostaty metabolismus patologie MeSH
- prostata metabolismus patologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u nádorů účinky léků MeSH
- sarkosin farmakologie MeSH
- upregulace účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent and preventable condition that typically worsens over time. Acute exacerbations of COPD significantly impact disease progression, underscoring the importance of prevention efforts. This observational study aimed to achieve two main objectives: (1) identify patients at risk of exacerbations using an ensemble of clustering algorithms, and (2) classify patients into distinct clusters based on disease severity. METHODS: Data from portable medical devices were analyzed post-hoc using hyperparameter optimization with Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN), Isolation Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, to detect flare-ups. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by KMeans clustering was applied to categorize patients by severity. RESULTS: 25 patients were included within the study population, data from 17 patients had the required reliability. Five patients were identified in the highest deterioration group, with one clinically confirmed exacerbation accurately detected by our ensemble algorithm. Then, PCA and KMeans clustering grouped patients into three clusters based on severity: Cluster 0 started with the least severe characteristics but experienced decline, Cluster 1 consistently showed the most severe characteristics, and Cluster 2 showed slight improvement. CONCLUSION: Our approach effectively identified patients at risk of exacerbations and classified them by disease severity. Although promising, the approach would need to be verified on a larger sample with a larger number of recorded clinically verified exacerbations.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Žádný z dosud studovaných biomarkerů v oblasti HCC nevykazuje pro časná stadia vyšší senzitivitu a specificitu než ultrasonografické vyšetření jater. Existuje tak naléhavá klinická potřeba zavedení laboratorního markeru pro HCC, který splňuje požadavky na vysokou senzitivitu a specificitu pro screening a včasnou diagnostiku rizikových pacientů. Protože různé patologické procesy, včetně karcinogeneze, mohou způsobit změny koncentrace i struktury a prostorového uspořádání tělních biomolekul, spektroskopická analýza krevní plazmy se jeví jako vhodný nástroj pro jejich včasnou detekci. V našem výzkumu se soustředíme na identifikaci nových biomarkerů v krevní plazmě, které by vykazovaly dostatečnou senzitivitu a specificitu k detekci časných a potenciálně léčitelných stadií HCC, a které by byly potenciálně užitečné pro rutinní screening tohoto onemocnění u rizikových pacientů. Pro tyto účely jsme využili unikátní kombinaci dvou chiroptických metod – elektronového cirkulárního dichroizmu (ECD) a Ramanovy optické aktivity (ROA) – doplněných nepolarizovanými variantami – infračervenou a Ramanovou spektroskopií. Metody: Krevní plazma 18 vybraných pacientů s cirhózou jater, z toho 8 pacientů s HCC, byla analyzována kombinací metod ECD, ROA, infračervené a Ramanovy spektroskopie. Výsledky: Získaná spektrální data byla zpracována vícerozměrnou statistickou analýzou s využitím analýzy hlavních komponent (PCA) a lineární diskriminační analýzy (LDA). Vizualizace výsledků LDA vykázala oddělení dvou sledovaných skupin jen s mírným překryvem. Na základě spektrální analýzy v rámci této předběžné studie dosáhla senzitivita a specificita pro diskriminaci mezi cirhotickými jedinci s HCC a bez HCC 88 %, resp. 90 % po křížové validaci. Hodnota plochy pod křivkou 0,975 prokázala vysokou spolehlivost navrženého modelu. Závěr: Na základě našich údajů by pokročilá spektroskopická analýza krevní plazmy mohla být slibným nástrojem při diagnostice HCC a potenciálně screeningu.
None of the biomarkers studied so far in the HCC area has yielded higher sensitivity and specificity in the early-stage diagnosis than the liver ultrasonography examination. There is an urgent clinical need for establishing a laboratory marker for HCC that meets the requirements for high sensitivity and specificity for the screening and early diagnosis of at-risk patients. As a variety of pathological processes, including carcinogenesis, may cause changes in both the concentration and the structure and spatial arrangement of body biomolecules, the spectroscopic analysis of blood-based derivatives appears to be an appropriate tool for the early detection thereof. In our research, the focus is on the identification of novel biomarkers in blood plasma, which would exhibit sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect early and potentially curable HCC stages, and which would be potentially useful for routine screening of this disease in well-defined at-risk groups. For this purpose, we utilised a unique combination of two chiroptical methods – electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Raman optical activity (ROA) – supplemented by non-polarised variants – infrared (IR) absorption and Raman spectroscopy. Methods: Blood plasma of 18 selected patients with liver cirrhosis, 8 of which also suffered from HCC, was analysed by a combination of ECD, ROA, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Results: The obtained spectral data were processed by a multivariate statistical evaluation using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The visualisation of the LDA results showed the separation of the two monitored groups with only a slight overlap. Based on the spectral analysis within this preliminary study, sensitivity and specificity for the discrimination between cirrhotic individuals with and without HCC reached 88% and 90% after leave-one-out cross validation, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of 0.975 proved high reliability of the established model. Conclusion: Based on our findings, the combination of advanced spectroscopic methods for the analysis of blood plasma might be a promising tool in HCC diagnosis and potentially in the screening thereof.
In the present work, we use an exceptional database including 5,359 records of 101 species of Oman's terrestrial reptiles together with spatial tools to infer the spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity, to infer the habitat preference of each species and to better define conservation priorities, with especial focus on the effectiveness of the protected areas in preserving this unique arid fauna. Our results indicate that the sampling effort is not only remarkable from a taxonomic point of view, with multiple observations for most species, but also for the spatial coverage achieved. The observations are distributed almost continuously across the two-dimensional climatic space of Oman defined by the mean annual temperature and the total annual precipitation and across the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the multivariate climatic space and are well represented within 17 out of the 20 climatic clusters grouping 10% of the explained climatic variance defined by PC1 and PC2. Species richness is highest in the Hajar and Dhofar Mountains, two of the most biodiverse areas of the Arabian Peninsula, and endemic species richness is greatest in the Jebel Akhdar, the highest part of the Hajar Mountains. Oman's 22 protected areas cover only 3.91% of the country, including within their limits 63.37% of terrestrial reptiles and 50% of all endemics. Our analyses show that large areas of the climatic space of Oman lie outside protected areas and that seven of the 20 climatic clusters are not protected at all. The results of the gap analysis indicate that most of the species are below the conservation target of 17% or even the less restrictive 12% of their total area within a protected area in order to be considered adequately protected. Therefore, an evaluation of the coverage of the current network of protected areas and the identification of priority protected areas for reptiles using reserve design algorithms are urgently needed. Our study also shows that more than half of the species are still pending of a definitive evaluation by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- plazi klasifikace MeSH
- podnebí MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Omán MeSH
The concentrations of twelve heavy metals and trace elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn, Fe, and Al) in bed sediment and river freshwater that received sewage discharge, industrial wastewater inputs and mining residue were discussed. Spatial distribution, intra-annual trends and diffuse flux in 2019 in the middle and lower reaches of Olt River Basin (ORB) were investigated using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). We applied correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) to quantify metal distribution relationship within environmental factors (pH, air temperature) and organic matter existing in the ORB. Moreover, the 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios analysis was employed to conclude the possible origin of the contamination. PCA analysis categorized metal presence in the four-component model, which explains 91% (May), 92% (July) and 93% (September) of the variance and indicates the potential origins of pollutants. The HCA and correlation analysis emphasized the relationship between trace elements, heavy metals in water and sediments and physicochemical characteristics of water. It was observed a high discrepancy in metal distribution between riverbed sediments and water body. In September, correlation indices highlighted sparse positive relationship with trace elements in water and mainly negative correlation values with trace elements from sediments. The origin of pollutants in sediments and water appear to be both natural and human-related activities. In all seasons increased the total exchangeable concentration of Ni, Cu and Zn in the sediments downstream sewage treatment plants and upstream of dams. The consideration of environmental factors and physicochemical characteristics of water is required to develop strategies for pollution management, assessment and mitigation in the actual condition of climate change. This study evaluated the heavy metals pollution in the Olt River Basin over three periods in 2019 under human-induced changes.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- geologické sedimenty MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- těžké kovy * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Rumunsko MeSH
