synthetic complete medium
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Gill monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii is considered the most detrimental fish parasite to the Mediterranean aquaculture. Treatment of sparicotylosis relies on frequent gill inspections correlated with the seasonal increase in seawater temperature, application of functional feeds, and treatments with formalin baths where permitted. While the latter is bound to be banned in Europe, other synthetic anthelminthics, such as praziquantel and ivermectin, are prone to induce resistance in the parasites. Therefore, we investigated, in vitro, 14 synthetic and natural compounds against adult S. chrysophrii, developing dose-response modelsm and estimated toxicity levels at 20%, 50%, and 80% parasite mortality. Bactericidal activity of target compounds was also tested in two important aquaculture bacteria; Vibrio harveyi and V. anguillarum, while their potential host toxicity was evaluated in gilthead seabream SAF-1 cell line. Synthetic compound bithionate sodium exerted the most potent toxicity against the monogenean, no host cytotoxicity, and a medium and high potency against two bacterial pathogens. In comparison, target natural compounds were approximately 20 (cedrol) or up to 154 times (camphor) less toxic for the monogenean. Rather than completely dismissing natural compounds, we suggest that their application in combination with synthetic drugs, especially if administered in the feed, might be useful in sparicotylosis treatment.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Fungal diseases seriously affect agricultural production and the food industry. Crop protection is usually achieved by synthetic fungicides, therefore more sustainable and innovative technologies are increasingly required. The atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasma is a novel suitable measure. We report on the effect of plasma treatment on phytopathogenic fungi causing quantitative and qualitative losses of products both in the field and postharvest. We focus our attention on the in vitro direct inhibitory effect of non-contact Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge on conidia germination of Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus carbonarius and Alternaria alternata. A few minutes of treatment was required to completely inactivate the fungi on an artificial medium. Morphological analysis of spores by Scanning Electron Microscopy suggests that the main mechanism is plasma etching due to Reactive Oxygen Species or UV radiation. Spectroscopic analysis of plasma generated in humid air gives the hint that the rotational temperature of gas should not play a relevant role being very close to room temperature. In vivo experiments on artificially inoculated cherry fruits demonstrated that inactivation of fungal spores by the direct inhibitory effect of plasma extend their shelf life. Pre-treatment of fruits before inoculation improve the resistance to infections maybe by activating defense responses in plant tissues.
V roce 2017 vydala Česká revmatologická společnost přepracovaná Doporučení pro léčbu revmatoidní artritidy (RA). Základem je včasná diagnostika onemocnění a okamžité zahájení účinné terapie. Strategie léčby se řídí posuzováním aktivity onemocnění pomocí kompozitních indexů v pravidelných časových intervalech a úpravou medikace při nedosažení cíle léčby. Zpravidla do třetího měsíce od zahájení léčby je doporučováno dosažení alespoň 50% redukce aktivity a do šestého měsíce dosažení cíle léčby – remise (alternativně nízké klinické aktivity). Doporučuje se zahájit monoterapii methotrexátem, při kontraindikaci nebo intoleranci zvážit nasazení leflunomidu nebo sulfasalazinu. Ve většině případů se na počátku onemocnění (někdy také při relapsu etablované RA) doporučuje zvážit glukokortikoidy, kromě nízkých dávek se připouští i dávky střední, případně vysoké. Podávání glukokortikoidů by mělo ideálně trvat kratší dobu než tři měsíce, rozhodně ne déle než šest měsíců. Po selhání iniciální léčebné strategie se další postup řídí přítomností nepříznivých prognostických faktorů (vysoká aktivita nemoci, pozitivní autoprotilátky a časné erozivní poškození kloubů). Pokud nejsou přítomny, lze zvážit změnu za jiný konvenční syntetický chorobu-modifikující antirevmatický lék, eventuálně jejich kombinaci. U nemocných s nepříznivými prognostickými faktory je na místě zvážit přidání biologické léčby (inhibitory TNF, abatacept, tocilizumab nebo sarilumab a za některých okolností i rituximab) nebo nasazení cíleného syntetického léku (inhibitory janus kináz). Biosimilární léky jsou považovány za rovnocenné referenčním originálním biologickým lékům. U nemocných v setrvalé remisi (minimálně půl roku), kteří již nejsou léčeni glukokortikoidy, je možné zvážit snížení dávky biologického léku nebo prodloužení intervalu podávání. Úplné vysazení biologického léku vede často ke vzplanutí nemoci. Doporučené postupy představují praktický návod, jak ve většině případů postupovat při léčbě pacientů s RA.
In 2017, the Czech Rheumatology Society issued the revised Guidelines for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Theirmainstay is timely diagnosis of the disease and immediate initiation of effective treatment. Treatment strategy is guided by assessmentof disease activity using composite indexes at regular time intervals and by medication adjustment in the case of failureto achieve the treatment goal. Usually by the third month of treatment initiation, it is recommended to achieve at least a 50%reduction in the activity and, by the sixth month, the treatment goal, i.e. remission (alternatively low clinical activity). It is advisedto initiate monotherapy with methotrexate; when contraindicated or intolerated, the use of leflunomide or sulfasalazine shouldbe considered. In most cases, it is recommended to consider glucocorticoids at the onset of the disease (sometimes also in thecase of relapse of established RA); in addition to low doses, medium and/or high doses are acceptable. The duration of glucocorticoidadministration should ideally be less than three months, certainly not longer than six months. If there is failure of the initialtreatment strategy, the further steps are governed by the presence of adverse prognostic factors (high disease activity, positiveautoantibodies, and early erosive joint damage). If they are absent, a switch to another conventional synthetic disease-modifyingantirheumatic drug and/or their combination can be considered. In patients with adverse prognostic factors, it is appropriate toconsider the addition of biological therapy (TNF inhibitors, abatacept, tocilizumab or sarilumab, and, under certain circumstances,even rituximab) or the use of a targeted synthetic drug (Janus kinase inhibitors). Biosimilar drugs are thought to be equal toreference original biological drugs. In patients with sustained remission (with a duration of at least six months) who are no longertreated with glucocorticoids, it is possible to consider a dose reduction of the biological drug or prolongation of the administrationinterval. Complete withdrawal of the biological drug often results in a flare-up of the disease. The Guidelines provide practical guidance on how to proceed with treatment of patients with RA in the majority of cases.
- MeSH
- antimalarika aplikace a dávkování klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- antirevmatika * klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- biologická terapie metody trendy využití MeSH
- farmakoterapie * metody trendy využití MeSH
- glukokortikoidy aplikace a dávkování klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza etiologie komplikace MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methotrexát aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- mezioborová komunikace MeSH
- obnova funkce MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida * diagnóza komplikace terapie MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma normy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- synovitida diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is able to completely remove the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2, 200 μg in 20 mL) from a liquid complex or mineral medium in 3 or 14 days, respectively. Its efficiency has also been documented in the removal of estrogenic activity that correlated with the EE2 degradation. A set of in vitro experiments using various cellular and enzyme fractions has been performed and the results showed that EE2 was degraded by isolated laccase (about 90% within 24 h). The degradation was also tested with concentrated extracellular liquid where degradation reached 50% mainly due to the laccase activity; however, after a supplementation with H₂O₂ and Mn²⁺, residual manganese-dependent peroxidase activities (40 times lower than Lac) raised the degradation to 100%. Moreover, the intracellular fraction and also laccase-like activity associated with fungal mycelium were found to be efficient in the degradation too. Isolated microsomal proteins appeared to also be involved in the process. The degradation was completely suppressed in the presence of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, piperonylbutoxide and carbon monoxide, indicating a role of this monooxygenase in the degradation process. Attention was also paid to monitoring of changes in the estrogenic activity during these particular in vitro experiments when mainly degradations related to ligninolytic enzymes were found to decrease the estrogenic activity with EE2 removal proportionally. Several novel metabolites of EE2 were detected using different chromatographic method with mass spectrometric techniques (LC-MS, GC-MS) including also [¹³C]-labeled substrates. The results document the involvement of various different simultaneous mechanisms in the EE2 degradation by P. ostreatus by both the ligninolytic system and the eukaryotic machinery of cytochromes P-450.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- ethinylestradiol chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- extracelulární prostor metabolismus MeSH
- intracelulární prostor metabolismus MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- lignin metabolismus MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- mycelium metabolismus MeSH
- Pleurotus metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... Mutants Are Useful in Assessing the Order in Which Proteins Function 171 -- Genetic Suppression and Synthetic ... ... Molecules and Enable a -- Cell to Elongate Rapidly 377 -- The Nucleus Contains the DNA Genome, RNA -- Synthetic ... ... Culture 398 -- Hybrid Cells Called Hybridomas Produce Abundant -- Monoclonal Antibodies 400 -- HAT Medium ... ... 524 -- Rubisco Fixes C02 in the Chloroplast Stroma 525 -- Synthesis of Sucrose Using Fixed C02 Is Completed ... ... -- Cleavage Leads to the First Differentiation Events 960 The Genomes of Most Somatic Cells Are Complete ...
6th ed. xxxvii, 1150 s. : il., tab. ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- biologie buňky MeSH
- molekulární biologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- cytologie, klinická cytologie
... Disinfectants 65 Glutaraldehydes 66 Chlorine Compounds 66 lodophors 66 -- Combination Phenolics (Synthetic ... ... Dentures 403 -- Components of a Complete Denture 403 Purposes for Cleaning 404 Denture Deposits 404 ... ... Cleaning the Complete Denture 404 Rinsing Under Running Water 404 Brushing 404 Immersion 404 -- Mechanical ... ... 406 Additional Instructions 407 The Underlying Mucosa 407 Rinsing 407 Cleaning 407 Massage 407 -- Complete ... ... Hygiene Procedures 500 Patient Factors 500 Patient Assessment 501 -- Sources of Information for Complete ...
Eighth edition xxxvii, 990 stran : ilustrace ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- klinické lékařství MeSH
- orální hygiena MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- preventivní zubní lékařství MeSH
- stomatologická péče MeSH
- zubní hygienici MeSH
- zubní prevence MeSH
- Konspekt
- Stomatologie
- NLK Obory
- zubní lékařství
- hygiena
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
... Channels Can Generate Ion Currents That Polarize Cells lonophores Increase the Ion Permeability of Synthetic ... ... Having a Lysosomal Enzyme Deficiency Can Be Corrected by Adding the Missing Enzyme to the Culture Medium ... ... Chloroplasts Are Relatively Small, Circular DNA Molecules 530 -- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Contain Complete ... ... Mitochondrial Biogenesis -- A Large Fraction of the DNA in Yeast Mitochondria Is Noncoding -- The Complete ... ... Cytokinesis 660 -- Actin and Myosin Generate the Forces for Cleavage 662 -- Cytokinesis Occurs by a Completely ...
xxxix, 1146 s. : il., tab. ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- biologie buňky MeSH
- molekulární biologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
- NLK Obory
- biologie
- cytologie, klinická cytologie