Fructobacillus, a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium, belongs to the fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) group. The group's name originates from fructose, the favored carbon source for its members. Fructobacillus spp. are noteworthy for their distinctive traits, captivating the interest of scientists. However, there have been relatively few publications regarding the isolation and potential utilization of these microorganisms in the industry. In recent years, F. tropaeoli has garnered interest for its promising role in the food and pharmaceutical sectors, although the availability of isolates is rather limited. A more comprehensive understanding of Fructobacillus is imperative to evaluate their functionality in the industry, given their unique and exceptional properties. Our in vitro study on Fructobacillus tropaeoli KKP 3032 confirmed its fructophilic nature and high osmotolerance. This strain thrives in a 30% sugar concentration, shows resistance to low pH and bile salts, and exhibits robust autoaggregation. Additionally, it displays significant antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogens. Evaluating its probiotic potential, it aligns with EFSA recommendations in antibiotic resistance, except for kanamycin, to which it is resistant. Further research is necessary, but preliminary analyses confirm the high probiotic potential of F. tropaeoli KKP 3032 and its ability to thrive in the presence of high concentrations of fructose. The results indicate that the isolate F. tropaeoli KKP 3032 could potentially be used in the future as a fructophilic probiotic, protective culture, and/or active ingredient in fructose-rich food.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- fruktosa metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- ovocné a zeleninové šťávy * mikrobiologie MeSH
- pomerančovník čínský mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- probiotika * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The increasing contamination of cereals by micromycetes and mycotoxins during malting still poses an unresolved food safety problem. This study characterises the potential of the novel, rapidly developing food production technology of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) to reduce the viability of Fusarium fungi and the production of mycotoxins during malting. Barley, artificially inoculated with four Fusarium species, was treated by PEF with two different intensities and then malted using a standard Pilsner-type technology. Concentrations of fungi were quantified by RT-PCR, expression of fungal growth-related genes was assessed using mRNA sequencing, and mycotoxin levels were analysed by U-HPLC-HRMS/MS. Despite the different trends for micromycetes and mycotoxins after application of variously intense PEF conditions, significant reductions were generally observed. The greatest decrease was for F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, where up to six fold lower levels were achieved for malts produced from the PEF-treated barley when compared to the control. For F. culmorum and F. graminearum, up to a two-fold reduction in the PEF-generated malts was observed. These reductions mostly correlated with a decrease in relevant mycotoxins, specifically type A trichothecenes.
- MeSH
- elektřina MeSH
- Fusarium * metabolismus genetika růst a vývoj MeSH
- ječmen (rod) * mikrobiologie MeSH
- jedlá semena * mikrobiologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin prevence a kontrola MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami metody MeSH
- mykotoxiny * biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Na perfluoralkylové látky (PFAS) je v posledních letech soustředěná pozornost širší veřejnosti, protože to jsou látky znečišťující životní prostředí. Jsou to např. kyselina perfluoroktanová a perfluoroktansulfonová. Tyto látky vznikají průmyslovou aktivitou člověka především při výrobě polymerů nebo nepřilnavých povrchů. Odpadní vodou nebo i jinými cestami se mohou dostat do prostředí, a tak kontaminovat zdroje pitné vody nebo potraviny. Jejich působení na organismy a lidské zdraví je rozsáhle studováno a jejich přítomnosti v organismu je připisován vliv na mnohé zdravotní komplikace, dokonce i některé druhy rakoviny. Z toho důvodu byly stanoveny přípustné limity PFAS v pitné vodě a jejich regulací se zabývají mnohé státní orgány a mezinárodní organizace. Aktuálním standardem v detekci PFAS jsou chromatografické metody. V současnosti jsou zkoumány i nové metody detekce především optickou a elektrochemickou cestou. Jejich příklady jsou v textu detailněji popsány a diskutovány.
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained wider public attention in recent years as environmental pollutants which include perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. These substances are produced by industry, mainly during the manufacture of polymers or non-stick surfaces. They can enter the environment through waste water or other routes and contaminate drinking water sources or food. Their effects on organisms and human health have been extensively studied and their presence in the body has been attributed to many health complications including cancer. For this reason, limits for PFAS in drinking water have been established and their regulation is being addressed by many governments and international organisations. Chromatographic methods are the current standard for PFAS detection, but new detection methods, mainly optical and electrochemical, are currently being investigated. Examples of these are described in more detail in the text.
- MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky klasifikace metody MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie metody MeSH
- fluorokarbony * analýza chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- hodnocení vlivů na zdraví metody MeSH
- impedanční spektroskopie metody MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza klasifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Státní zdravotní ústav je od roku 1994 pověřen garantováním Systému monitorování zdravotního stavu obyvatelstva ve vztahu k životnímu prostředí. V letošním roce (2024) slavíme 30. výročí založení tohoto systému. Cílem systému je dosáhnout systematického a transparentního hodnocení negativních vlivů, které působí na českou populaci. Důležitou roli hraje dietární expozice. Pro monitorování dietární expozice je třeba znalost národní spotřeby potravin na individuální úrovni, určení nejvýznamnějších druhů potravin v obvyklé dietě, jejich běžná kulinární úprava, kombinace do kompozitních vzorků k laboratorní analýze zájmových chemických látek, výpočet expozičních dávek a charakterizace zdravotního rizika pro spotřebitele. V současné době probíhá dvouletý cyklus 2024–2025 dle nastaveného systému. Během předchozího cyklu (2022–2023) byly vzorky potravin odebírány v 8 obdobích, 4 regionech v 96 různých prodejnách, na 40 místech republiky. Také bylo provedeno 8 online nákupů. Nakoupeno bylo celkem 3 432 individuálních vzorků potravin. Potraviny byly kulinárně zpracovány a smíchány do 143 jednotlivých typů kompozitních vzorků. Celkem bylo za dvouleté období zpracováno 880 regionálních a 220 reprezentativních kompozitních vzorků pro chemickou analýzu na cca 70 chemických látek. Výsledky jsou rámcově srovnávány dlouhodobě jako trend vývoje chronické expoziční dávky u kontaminantů a vývoje adekvátnosti přívodu u nutrientů. Vědecky podložené hodnocení zdravotních rizik na základě dat monitoringu dietární expozice již přispělo k obhájení některých rozhodnutí příslušných orgánů ČR i na mezinárodní úrovni s významnými finančními dopady.
Since 1994, the National Institute of Public Health has been entrusted with guaranteeing the Environmental Health Monitoring System. This year (2024), we celebrate the 30th anniversary of the establishment of this system. The goal of the system is to achieve a systematic and transparent assessment of environmental and health effects that affect the Czech population. Dietary exposure plays an important role. The monitoring of dietary exposure requires the knowledge of the national food consumption at an individual level, determination of important foods in the usual diet, usual culinary preparations, combination into composite samples for laboratory analysis of chemical substances of interest, and calculation of exposure doses and characterization of the health risk for consumers. Currently, the two-year cycle 2024/2025 is taking place according to the set system. During the previous cycle (2022/2023), food samples were taken in 8 periods and 4 regions of the country. Totally 96 purchases in 40 different places across the whole country plus 8 online purchases were made. A total of 3,432 individual food samples were collected. The foods were culinary processed and mixed into 143 individual types of composite samples. In total, 880 regional and 220 representative composite samples were analyzed for approximately 70 chemical substances over a two-year period. The results are broadly compared in the long term to monitor a trend in the development of the chronic exposure dose for contaminants and the intake adequacy for nutrients. The health risks assessment based on dietary exposure monitoring data has among others contributed to better governmental decisions with significant positive economic impacts.
High resistance to environmental factors as well as the ability to form biofilms allow Listeria monocytogenes to persist for a long time in difficult-to-reach places in food-producing plants. L. monocytogenes enters final products from contaminated surfaces in different areas of plants and poses a health risk to consumer. Modified surfaces are already used in the food industry to prevent cross-contamination. In this study, stainless-steel surfaces were coated with nanoscale silicon dioxide and the effects on attachment, bacterial growth and detachment of L. monocytogenes were evaluated. Attachment was considered for three different ways of application to simulate different scenarios of contamination. Bacterial growth of L. monocytogenes on the surface was recorded over a period of up to 8 h. Detachment was tested after cleaning inoculated stainless-steel surfaces with heated distilled water or detergent. Coating stainless-steel surfaces with nanoscale silica tends to reduce adherence and increased detachment and does not influence the bacterial growth of L. monocytogenes. Further modifications of the coating are necessary for a targeted use in the reduction of L. monocytogenes in food-processing plants.
The populations of Japanese deer and boar have increased dramatically and have a serious impact on farming and mountain villages. Although the Japanese government promotes the use of captured wild animals, game meat is not subject to sanitary control considering that it is not subject to meat inspection or quality control. Here, we have attempted to isolate Staphylococcus aureus, a typical foodborne pathogen, as a part of an investigation of contamination in the meats of wild animals and their processing stages. We examined 390 samples of deer feces, 117 samples of wild boar feces, and 75 samples of disemboweled deer meat for isolation of S. aureus; ultimately, 30 (positive rate: 7.7%), 2 (1.7%), and 21 (28.0%) strains were isolated, respectively, from the samples. The genome sequences of these isolates were analyzed and were subjected to multilocus sequence typing. We identified 12 new sequence types (STs) and a dominant population of S. aureus with a characteristic genetic background in wild animals, namely, the ST groups derived from CC121 (number of strains = 39). These strains did not harbor the enterotoxin gene or only harbored egc-related enterotoxin, which is of low involvement in Staphylococcal food poisoning. However, one ST2449 strain, which produces causative enterotoxins, was isolated from a deer's feces. Since there are several common STs isolated from feces and dismembered meat and because fecal contamination during dismemberment is suspected, continuous monitoring and guidance for improving sanitary management conditions during processing and handling of the meat are highly warranted with immediate effect.
V době od 28. března do 2. dubna 2023 onemocnělo akutní gastroenteritidou po konzumaci pokrmů z potravy celkem 135 osob (52 mužů a 83 žen) ve věku od 2 do 79 let z celkového počtu 339 exponovaných osob (339 vydaných porcí). Attack rate činil 39,82 %. Nákaza měla středně těžký až těžký průběh s dobou trvání až několik dnů. Celkem 8 osob bylo hospitalizováno ve zdravotnických zařízeních, další desítky osob byly ambulantně ošetřeny. V rámci této kauzy bylo provedeno celkem 102 odběrů biologického materiálu a 51 odběrů z potravin a prostředí. Souběžně byla prováděna též mnohočetná epidemiologická šetření a probíhala úzká spolupráce zejména s odborem hygieny výživy. Laboratorní výsledky vyšetření odebraných biologických materiálů (rektálních výtěrů) na bakteriologii byly v 99 případech pozitivní na agens Salmonella Thompson a 3krát byla potvrzena pozitivita u vzorků z potravin a z prostředí. Finálně bylo potvrzeno, že kmeny S. Thompson z odebraných vzorků tvořily jednoznačně identifikovatelný cluster, a to izolovaný cluster geneticky souvisejících izolátů, který se nacházel pouze v ČR.
Between 28 March and 2 April 2023, a total of 135 persons (52 males and 83 females) aged between 2 and 79 years contracted acute gastroenteritis after consuming food, out of a total of 339 exposed persons (339 servings dispensed). The attack rate was 39.82%. The course of the infection was moderate to severe with a duration of up to several days, and a total of 8 persons were hospitalized in health care facilities, while dozens of other persons were treated as outpatients. A total of 102 biological material samples and 51 food and environmental samples were taken in this case. Concurrently, multiple epidemiological investigations were also carried out and close cooperation was maintained, in particular with the Division of Food Hygiene. The laboratory results of bacteriological testing of the collected biological materials (rectal swabs) were positive for Salmonella Thompson in 99 cases, and positivity was confirmed 3 times in food and environmental samples. Finally, it was confirmed that the S. Thompson strains from the collected samples formed a uniquely identifiable cluster, namely an isolated cluster of genetically related isolates that was found only in the Czech Republic.
- Klíčová slova
- Salmonella Thompson,
- MeSH
- epidemie MeSH
- hygiena MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
- restaurace MeSH
- Salmonella izolace a purifikace MeSH
- salmonelóza * diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inorganic elemental composition (49 elements) of 29 botanical preparations obtained from fruits, leaves, peels, seeds, roots, fungi, and spirulina by using inductively coupled-mass spectrometry and a mercury analyzer. Simultaneously, the risk associated with the chronic dietary exposure to 12 toxic metals and metalloids among the European population was evaluated by using a probabilistic approach based on Monte Carlo simulations. The analysis revealed worrying intake levels of Al, As, and Ni, primarily stemming from the consumption of spirulina-, peel-, and leaf-based botanicals by younger age groups. The intake of As from all analyzed botanicals posed a significant risk for infants, yielding margins of exposure (MOEs) below 1, while those deriving from peel-based botanicals raised concerns across all age groups (MOEs = 0.04-2.3). The consumption of peel-based botanicals contributed substantially (13-130%) also to the tolerable daily intake of Ni for infants, toddlers, and children, while that of spirulina-based botanicals raised concerns related to Al intake also among adults, contributing to 11-176% of the tolerable weekly intake of this element. The findings achieved underscore the importance of implementing a monitoring framework to address chemical contamination of botanicals, thus ensuring their safety for regular consumers.
- MeSH
- dietární expozice * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kontaminace potravin * analýza MeSH
- kovy analýza toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- polokovy * analýza toxicita MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- rostlinné přípravky chemie analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The special issue "New Insight into Mycotoxins and Bacterial Toxins: Toxicity Assessment, Molecular Mechanism and Food Safety" in Food and Chemical Toxicology contains 19 articles on current hot topics in mycotoxins and bacterial toxins. Dietary exposure to mycotoxins and risk assessments are reported in this issue. Molecular mechanisms of multiple mycotoxins and emerging mechanisms of toxicity are especially concerned by researchers. Moreover, mycotoxin-detoxifying substances and antimicrobial agents are also fully investigated in the context. This special issue will help to further understand the mycotoxins and bacterial toxins, casting new light for the control of food safety.
- MeSH
- bakteriální toxiny * toxicita MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykotoxiny * toxicita analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- úvodní články MeSH
- úvodníky MeSH
