• MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• barvení a značení metody   MeSH
• Escherichia coli MeSH
• fenaziny * MeSH
• genciánová violeť * MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce diagnóza   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakterie izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• krev mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační vyšetření krve MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Bacteria růst a vývoj   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• bydlení zvířat MeSH
• chov zvířat MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely * MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• úvodní články MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

Microbial ecology has been recognized as useful in archaeological studies. At Archaic Monte Iato in Western Sicily, a native (indigenous) building was discovered. The objective of this study was the first examination of soil microbial communities related to this building. Soil samples were collected from archaeological layers at a ritual deposit (food waste disposal) in the main room and above the fireplace in the annex. Microbial soil characterization included abundance (cellular phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), viable bacterial counts), activity (physiological profiles, enzyme activities of viable bacteria), diversity, and community structure (bacterial and fungal Illumina amplicon sequencing, identification of viable bacteria). PLFA-derived microbial abundance was lower in soils from the fireplace than in soils from the deposit; the opposite was observed with culturable bacteria. Microbial communities in soils from the fireplace had a higher ability to metabolize carboxylic and acetic acids, while those in soils from the deposit metabolized preferentially carbohydrates. The lower deposit layer was characterized by higher total microbial and bacterial abundance and bacterial richness and by a different carbohydrate metabolization profile compared to the upper deposit layer. Microbial community structures in the fireplace were similar and could be distinguished from those in the two deposit layers, which had different microbial communities. Our data confirmed our hypothesis that human consumption habits left traces on microbiota in the archaeological evidence; therefore, microbiological residues as part of the so-called ecofacts are, like artifacts, key indicators of consumer behavior in the past.

• MeSH
• acetáty metabolismus   MeSH
• archeologie * MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• DNA fungální MeSH
• enzymatické testy MeSH
• fosfolipidy metabolismus   MeSH
• heterotrofní procesy MeSH
• houby klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové metabolismus   MeSH
• lidské činnosti dějiny   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální společenstva genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH

A total of 7778 host-seeking adult Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks were examined for the prevalence of Francisella tularensis holarctica (Thiotrichales: Francisellaceae) in a natural focus of tularaemia in the floodplain forest-meadow ecosystem along the lower reaches of the Dyje (Thaya) river in South Moravia (Czech Republic) between 1995 and 2013. Ticks were pooled (10 specimens per pool) and their homogenates inoculated subcutaneously in 4-week-old specific pathogen-free mice. Dead mice were sectioned, their spleens cultivated on thioglycollate-glucose-blood agar and impression smears from the spleen, liver and heart blood were Giemsa-stained. Sixty-four pools were positive for F. tularensis: the overall minimum infection rate (MIR) was 0.82%. Overall MIRs for the 4714 female and 3064 male D. reticulatus examined were 0.89 and 0.72%, respectively; MIRs fluctuated across years between 0.0 and 2.43%. The estimated bacterial load in infected ticks varied from 0.84 to 5.34 log10 infectious F. tularensis cells per tick (i.e. from about seven to 220 000 cells). Ticks with low loads were more prevalent; more than 1000 infectious cells were detected in 24 ticks (0.3% of all ticks and 37.5% of infected ticks). Monitoring of D. reticulatus for the presence and cell numbers of F. tularensis may be a valuable tool in the surveillance of tularaemia.

• MeSH
• bakteriální nálož * MeSH
• Dermacentor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Francisella tularensis fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

There is a growing interest in the use of bioinoculants to assist mineral fertilizers in improving crop production and yield. Azotobacter and Pseudomonas are two agriculturally relevant strains of bacteria which have been established as efficient bioinoculants. An experiment involving addition of graded concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was undertaken using log phase cultures of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. Growth kinetics revealed a clear trend of gradual decrease with Pseudomonas; however, Azotobacter exhibited a twofold enhancement in growth with increase in the concentration of ZnO concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), supported by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses, illustrated the significant effect of ZnO nanoparticles on Azotobacter by the enhancement in the abundance of globular biofilm-like structures and the intracellular presence of ZnO, with the increase in its concentration. It can be surmised that extracellular mucilage production in Azotobacter may be providing a barrier to the nanoparticles. Further experiments with Azotobacter by inoculation of wheat and tomato seeds with ZnO nanoparticles alone or bacteria grown on ZnO-infused growth medium revealed interesting results. Vigour index of wheat seeds reduced by 40-50% in the presence of different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles alone, which was alleviated by 15-20%, when ZnO and Azotobacter were present together. However, a drastic 50-60% decrease in vigour indices of tomato seeds was recorded, irrespective of Azotobacter inoculation.

• MeSH
• Azotobacter účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• nanočástice metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• pšenice účinky léků   MeSH
• Pseudomonas účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Solanum lycopersicum účinky léků   MeSH
• spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny účinky léků   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Buckwheat cookies with various ingredients for raw food vegan diet are usually prepared by soaking them in water at ambient temperature followed by drying at moderate temperature. The aim of this study was to examine the temperature effect on the microbiological quality, antioxidant properties and oxidative stability of lipids of final dried samples. The mixture of ingredients was soaked for 20 h in distilled water, and then cookies were formed and dried in air-forced oven at constant temperature in the range from 40 to 60 °C. Total viable counts, fungi, yeasts, coliform and aerobic spore-forming bacteria counts were evaluated in dried samples and were found to decrease during drying at 50 and 60 °C. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the former showed the highest value at 40 °C. Superoxide dismutase activity was also higher at 40 °C in comparison with that at 60 °C. The percentage of lipid peroxidation inhibition increased with the increase in drying temperature until 4th day of incubation. While peroxide value was significantly higher in samples dried at 40 °C, TBARS values did not show significant changes during the drying process. The results of this study suggest that drying buckwheat-based cookies at 40 °C retained their good antioxidant properties but represent a potentially serious microbial hazard.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• Fagopyrum chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza   MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• syrová strava analýza   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• voda analýza   MeSH
• vysoušení * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The microbiota is a crucial modulator of the immune system. Here, we evaluated how its absence or reduction modifies the inflammatory response in the murine model of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). We induced EAU in germ-free (GF) or conventionally housed (CV) mice and in CV mice treated with a combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics either from the day of EAU induction or from one week prior to induction of disease. The severity of the inflammation was assessed by fundus biomicroscopy or by histology, including immunohistology. The immunophenotyping of T cells in local and distant lymph nodes was performed by flow cytometry. We found that GF mice and mice where the microbiota was reduced one week before EAU induction were protected from severe autoimmune inflammation. GF mice had lower numbers of infiltrating macrophages and significantly less T cell infiltration in the retina than CV mice with EAU. GF mice also had reduced numbers of IFN-γ and IL-17-producing T cells and increased numbers of regulatory T cells in the eye-draining lymph nodes. These data suggest that the presence of microbiota during autoantigen recognition regulates the inflammatory response by influencing the adaptive immune response.

• MeSH
• adaptivní imunita MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• autoantigeny imunologie   MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci chemicky indukované   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož účinky léků   MeSH
• gnotobiologické modely MeSH
• interferon gama biosyntéza   MeSH
• interleukin-17 biosyntéza   MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   MeSH
• mikrobiota * imunologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• oči imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• oční proteiny imunologie   MeSH
• proteiny vázající retinol imunologie   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• retina imunologie   MeSH
• retinitida chemicky indukované   etiologie   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• uveitida chemicky indukované   imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated maternal C-reactive protein (CRP) as a predictor of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) in women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) before and after 32 weeks of gestation. METHODS: This study was a prospective observational cohort study of 386 women. Maternal serum CRP concentrations were evaluated, and amniotic fluid samples were obtained via transabdominal amniocentesis at the time of admission. Placentas underwent histopathological examination after delivery. MIAC was defined based on a positive PCR for Ureaplasma species, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis and/or positive 16S rRNA gene amplification. HCA was defined based on the Salafia classification. RESULTS: Maternal CRP was significantly higher in women with MIAC and HCA (median 9.0 mg/l) than in women with HCA alone (median 6.9 mg/l), MIAC alone (median 7.4 mg/l) and without MIAC or HCA (median 4.5 mg/l) (p<0.0001). CRP was a weak predictor of the occurrence of MIAC and HCA before and after 32 weeks of gestation. Only the 95th percentile of CRP and PPROM before 32 weeks exhibited a false-positive rate of 1%, a positive predictive value of 90% and a positive likelihood ratio of 13.2 to predict MIAC and HCA. However, the low sensitivity of 15% limits the clinical utility of this detection. CONCLUSION: CRP is a poor predictor of the occurrence of MIAC and HCA, even at early gestational ages.

• MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• chorioamnionitida krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• plodová voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• porodní děj krev   MeSH
• předčasná porodní činnost krev   MeSH
• předčasný odtok plodové vody krev   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Ureaplasma fyziologie   MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The colonization of the oral cavity by cariogenic and periodontal pathogens occurs earlier than previously thought. This study aimed to identify the presence and quantity of representative cariogenic and periodontal pathogens in the oral cavities of 6- and 12-month olds and to evaluate the influence of C-section delivery on early Streptococcus mutans (Sm) colonization of the oral cavity. The research cohort was composed of 59 infants (35 infants were delivered vaginally and 24 via C-section) and their mothers. At 6 months of age, the infants were examined, and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. Variables concerning mothers were DMF index and salivary levels of Sm. Repeated saliva samples were taken 6 months later. The representative cariogenic and periodontal microorganisms were identified, and their quantities were measured using a polymerase chain reaction-based method. The relationships between the presence of detected microbes, the mode of delivery, and maternal variables were evaluated using paired t tests, chi-squared test, and ANOVAs. High rates of cariogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), were found in both infant cohorts. An analysis of the differences between delivery methods revealed that the group of 6-month-old vaginally delivered infants had a significantly higher amount of Sm. We conclude that the cariogenic bacteria, Aa and Fn, are present in edentulous infants. This presence increases in the months following the eruption of the deciduous teeth. Results did not confirm the influence of C-section delivery on the early Sm colonization of the oral cavity.

• MeSH
• Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• Fusobacterium nucleatum izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiota * MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sliny mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Streptococcus mutans izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• ústa mikrobiologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

UNLABELLED: The need for suitable selective cultivation media for the isolation of Bifidobacterium spp. continues to be a real concern in the field of intestinal microbiology. Isolation of bifidobacteria from human and animal faecal samples using selective agar plating may be problematic especially in samples with increased clostridial counts than bifidobacterial counts. Due to the absence of anticlostridial agents in existing selective media, clostridia can displace bifidobacteria resulting in incorrect estimation of their counts. Therefore, we supplemented the existing selective medium 'modified Wilkins Chalgren agar with mupirocin' (MWM) with 90 mg l(-1) of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), which was recently proved to act selectively against clostridia. The newly composed 'modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with 8HQ' (MWMQ) was tested on pure bifidobacterial and clostridial strains, their mixtures, and using faecal samples of mammalian origin; its selectivity was evaluated by genus-specific identification of isolates. The results demonstrated that the presence of 8HQ in this agar eliminated the growth of nonbifidobacterial strains on MWMQ compared to that on MWM, whereas the recovery of bifidobacterial counts was at satisfactory levels. In conclusion, MWMQ could be recommended for bifidobacterial isolation from human and animal faeces especially when bifidobacteria are not numerically dominant and there are chances of clostridial contamination. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Routine isolation of bifidobacteria from mammalian faeces does not use a reliable selective agar with an anticlostridial agent. Overgrowth of clostridia may result in incorrect estimation of bifidobacterial counts. Thus, in order to improve the selectivity of existing media for bifidobacterial isolation, we chose the modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with mupirocin and supplemented it with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), a molecule that shows anticlostridial activity without affecting the growth of bifidobacteria. This newly composed medium showed enhanced selectivity and specificity compared to the original medium and therefore, can be recommended for the isolation of bifidobacteria from mammal faeces.

• MeSH
• agar farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož účinky léků   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Clostridium účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kultivační média farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mupirocin farmakologie   MeSH
• oxychinolin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH