BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate a protective role of vitamin D supplementation against sports performance-induced dysregulation of body homeostasis. However, the effects of a single high dose of vitamin D on changes in bone formation and resorption markers due to ultramarathon running have yet to be explored. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a single high-dose vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of bone turnover markers after a mountain ultramarathon run. METHODS: In this clinical trial (reg. number NCT03417700), 35 semiprofessional male ultramarathon runners were assigned into two groups: supplemented group, administered a single high dose of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol, 150,000 IU) in vegetable oil 24 h before the start of the run (n = 16), and placebo group (n = 19), administered placebo solution 24 h before the start of the run. Blood samples were collected for analysis at three timepoints: 24 h before, immediately after, and 24 h after the run. RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D3 level significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05.) after the ultramarathon in both groups. The increase was more pronounced in the supplemented population, especially 24 h after the run (147.01% vs 84.71%). According to post-hoc and other analyses, the levels of N-terminal propeptides of type I collagen, a PINP marker, were increased immediately after the run. The increase was significantly higher in the supplemented group than in the control group. CTX, PTH, sclerostin, and procalcitonin levels were significantly higher 24 h after the run in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The observed attenuation of post-exercise bone resorption and enhancement of bone formation suggest that vitamin D supplementation may modulate bone metabolism in response to extreme physical exertion, potentially through effects on calcium - PTH homeostasis.

• Klíčová slova
• CTX, PINP, Ultramarathon, sclerostin, skeletal muscle damage, vitamin D,
• MeSH
• běh * fyziologie   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• cholekalciferol * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• kalcifediol krev   MeSH
• kolagen typu I krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maratonský běh * fyziologie   MeSH
• parathormon krev   MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty MeSH
• peptidy MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• prokolagen krev   MeSH
• remodelace kosti * účinky léků   MeSH
• vitamin D aplikace a dávkování   krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• cholekalciferol * MeSH
• collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide MeSH Prohlížeč
• kalcifediol MeSH
• kolagen typu I MeSH
• parathormon MeSH
• peptidové fragmenty MeSH
• peptidy MeSH
• procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide MeSH Prohlížeč
• prokolagen MeSH
• vitamin D MeSH

PURPOSE: Chronic pulmonary conditions require complex treatment strategies involving long-term antibiotic treatment, which carries the highest risk of antimicrobial resistance and adverse drug events (ADE). Specific guidance on prescribing and deprescribing can help reduce these risks and improve therapy effectiveness. The aim of the study was to determine prescribing and deprescribing practices for long-term antibiotic treatment (≥30 days) in preventing exacerbations of stable chronic pulmonary conditions in adult patients across all healthcare settings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This umbrella review was part of a larger registered study (PROSPERO, CRD42022381268) including systematic reviews and meta-analyses retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo. Outcomes of interest included condition, antibiotic, dose, duration, (de-) prescribing advice. Standardized methodological tools were used to assess methodological quality of the selected publications (ROBIS), facilitate data extraction (EPOC), and guide narrative summary of findings (PRIOR). RESULTS: In total, n = 14 publications were analyzed. (De-)prescribing advice is summarized for treatment (≥30 days) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Macrolides are the most commonly recommended antibiotic for stable chronic pulmonary conditions. ADEs are the main reason for antibiotic discontinuation. Little consideration is given to emergence of antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSION: There is a significant paucity of literature providing specific (de-)prescribing advice for clinical practice. More precise recommendations are required in view of patient safety.

• Klíčová slova
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, antibiotics, asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, lung diseases, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bronchiální astma farmakoterapie   MeSH
• bronchiektazie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc farmakoterapie   MeSH
• cystická fibróza farmakoterapie   MeSH
• depreskripce * MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• plicní nemoci * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• systematický přehled jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH

BACKGROUND: Beta-alanine (βA) is a non-essential amino acid purportedly used to enhance aerobic exercise performance. While previous research indicates the benefits of βA on time to exhaustion (TTE) and aerobic capacity (VO2peak) in adults, evidence is lacking in adolescent athletes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4 weeks of βA supplementation on aerobic performance in adolescent runners. METHODS: Twenty-seven middle- and long-distance runners (aged 17.36 ± 2.17 years) were randomly divided into a βA or placebo (PL) group (maltodextrin). Subjects performed maximal graded exercise tests (GXT) and submaximal trials (SMT; 80% of VO2peak for 1500 m) on a treadmill before and after 14 and 28 days of supplementation or PL. Respiratory (VE) metabolic (VO2, RER, lactate [La]), and cardiovascular (HR) variables were measured during the GXT and SMT, along with the first (VT1) and second ventilatory threshold (VT2) and TTE monitored during the GXT only. Within- and between-group differences were assessed using a repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance. RESULTS: Findings indicated that despite a trivial increase in VO2peak over 4 weeks, the βA group increased TTE by 6.5% compared to 1.4% in the PL group (d = 0.46). Additionally, small effects in HRmax, VE, [La], and TTE were observed between groups favoring βA. Regarding the SMT, both average HR and RER decreased by 4% in the βA group, with no changes for the PL. CONCLUSIONS: Despite no evidence to suggest increases in VO2peak, practitioners should note that improvements in TTE may be observed after 28 days of βA supplementation in adolescent runners.

• Klíčová slova
• Dietary supplements, VO2max, VO2peak, aerobic performance, running performance,
• MeSH
• běh * fyziologie   MeSH
• beta-alanin * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• fyzická vytrvalost * účinky léků   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• sportovní výkon * fyziologie   MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku účinky léků   MeSH
• tolerance zátěže účinky léků   MeSH
• zátěžový test MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-alanin * MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH

BACKGROUND: Combining two oral therapies with different mechanisms could be an attractive treatment strategy for multiple sclerosis (MS) to increase efficacy; however, evidence of such efficacy and safety is lacking. OBJECTIVES: The phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled POINT study evaluated efficacy and safety of ponesimod 20 mg versus placebo as an add-on therapy to ongoing dimethyl fumarate (DMF) treatment in patients with active relapsing MS despite DMF monotherapy. METHODS: Patients (18-55 years) were randomized (1:1) to ponesimod+DMF or placebo+DMF orally once-daily for ≤156 weeks. Primary endpoint was annualized relapse rate (ARR) at end-of-study (EOS). Secondary endpoints were 12-week confirmed disability accumulation (CDA), time-to-first confirmed relapse, and number of combined unique active lesions (CUALs) on brain Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at EOS. RESULTS: The study was prematurely terminated due to slow recruitment; of 600 planned patients, 136 (23 %; [ponesimod: n = 68, placebo: n = 68]) were randomized. Primary endpoint (ARR) was not met (rate ratio, ponesimod+DMF versus placebo+DMF: 1.2; p = 0.5252). Ponesimod+DMF group showed a lower mean number of CUALs/year (rate ratio: 0.37; p = 0.0072). Other efficacy outcomes did not differ between the treatment groups. Adverse events (AEs) were comparable between groups (ponesimod+DMF: 48 [71.6 %]; placebo+DMF: 53 [77.9 %]); dizziness was the most commonly reported AE in the ponesimod+DMF group (10.4 %). CONCLUSIONS: This terminated study did not demonstrate the superiority of ponesimod+DMF on clinical efficacy endpoints. In the exploratory analysis ponesimod+DMF versus DMF alone appeared associated with a lower disease activity as assessed by MRI. No new safety signals were reported for ponesimod+DMF. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02907177 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02907177.

• Klíčová slova
• Annualized relapse rate, Combination therapy, Dimethyl fumarate, MRI lesions, Multiple sclerosis, Ponesimod,
• MeSH
• dimethyl fumarát * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• imunosupresiva * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• thiazoly * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dimethyl fumarát * MeSH
• imunosupresiva * MeSH
• ponesimod MeSH Prohlížeč
• thiazoly * MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the investigational, oral, allosteric, highly selective, and potent tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor zasocitinib (TAK-279) in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: In this phase 2b, randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study, patients (≥18 years, with PsA symptoms for ≥6 months) received 30 mg, 15 mg, or 5 mg zasocitinib or placebo (1:1:1:1) once daily for 12 weeks, with a 4-week safety follow-up. The primary endpoint was American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20 response at week 12. Secondary efficacy endpoints included ACR50 response, ACR70 response, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 response among those with ≥3% body surface area at baseline and minimal disease activity (MDA) at week 12. RESULTS: Overall, 290 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.9 [11.6] years; 57.2% female) received treatment. At week 12, 30 mg or 15 mg zasocitinib treatment resulted in significantly higher ACR20 responses (54.2%; P = .002 and 53.3%; P = .002, respectively) than placebo (29.2%). A numerically higher number of ACR50 responses were achieved at week 12 with 30 mg (26.4%; nominal P = .009) or 15 mg (26.7%; nominal P = .005) zasocitinib than placebo (9.7%). In addition, 30 mg zasocitinib demonstrated a numerically higher number of ACR70 responses (13.9% versus 5.6%, respectively; nominal P = .158), PASI 75 responses (45.7% versus 15.4%, respectively; nominal P = .002), and MDA (29.2% versus 12.5%, respectively; nominal P = .014) at week 12 versus placebo. In this small study of limited duration, most adverse events were mild/moderate and were more frequently observed in the higher dose group. In this small sample size, no new safety signals or clear dose-dependent laboratory parameter changes were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Here, 30 mg and 15 mg zasocitinib demonstrated efficacy across core domains in patients with active PsA with no new safety signals. These findings will be confirmed in ongoing larger studies of longer duration.

• MeSH
• antirevmatika * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• benzimidazoly MeSH
• chinolony MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas * terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psoriatická artritida * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 4-amino-5-fluoro-3-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinolin-2(1H)-one MeSH Prohlížeč
• antirevmatika * MeSH
• benzimidazoly MeSH
• chinolony MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas * MeSH

Major depressive disorder, particularly its treatment-resistant form (TRD), poses significant treatment challenges. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, has shown promise in rapidly alleviating depressive symptoms by influencing neuroplasticity and glutamatergic modulation, which are thought to influence brain activity complexity. In this placebo-controlled study, we examined the effects of subanesthetic doses of intravenous ketamine on EEG signal complexity in 24 MDD patients, 21 of whom had TRD. Treatment response was defined by a ≥ 33 % reduction in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) after ketamine administration. Patients underwent eyes-closed resting state EEG recording pre-, start-, end- and 24 h post-infusion, analyzed for temporospatial and spatiotemporal Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZCT and LZCS). Results indicated that ketamine significantly increased whole-brain LZCT during infusion compared to placebo (sodium chloride 0.9 %) (16.90 % vs. -4.84 %, 95 % CI 4.29 to 39.18, p = 0.017). Elevated LZCT at end-pre was associated with less short-term symptom improvement the following day. Conversely, lower pretreatment occipital LZCT (0.33 vs. 0.46, 95 % CI 0.007 to 0.26, p = 0.040) predicted a favorable response to ketamine, supported by a logistic regression model with an ROC area of 0.75. No significant changes were observed in LZCS, suggesting limited utility as a biomarker. In conclusion, occipital LZCT could serve as an effective predictive biomarker for ketamine's therapeutic effects in MDD, with implications for patients with TRD. This underscores the potential of EEG complexity measures in stratifying treatment and enhancing our understanding of the neural impacts of ketamine in depressive disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• Biomarker, EEG, Ketamine, Lempel-Ziv complexity, MDD, Treatment response,
• MeSH
• antagonisté excitačních aminokyselin * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• deprese nereagující na léčbu * farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• depresivní porucha unipolární * farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * účinky léků   MeSH
• ketamin * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek * účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antagonisté excitačních aminokyselin * MeSH
• ketamin * MeSH

Meta-analysis assigns more weight to studies with smaller standard errors to maximize the precision of the overall estimate. In observational settings, however, standard errors are shaped by methodological decisions. These decisions can interact with publication bias and p-hacking, potentially leading to spuriously precise results reported by primary studies. Here we show that such spurious precision undermines standard meta-analytic techniques, including inverse-variance weighting and bias corrections based on the funnel plot. Through simulations and large-scale empirical applications, we find that selection models do not resolve the issue. In some cases, a simple unweighted mean of reported estimates outperforms widely used correction methods. We introduce MAIVE (Meta-Analysis Instrumental Variable Estimator), an approach that reduces bias by using sample size as an instrument for reported precision. MAIVE offers a simple and robust solution for improving the reliability of meta-analyses in the presence of spurious precision.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma * MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma * MeSH
• publikační zkreslení MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• velikost vzorku MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Ultrasonography is a non-invasive and safe method for assessing muscle morphology. Among its parameters, echo intensity (EI), derived from grayscale image analysis, has emerged as a promising indicator of muscle quality and intramuscular fat infiltration. This study aims to validate EI as a marker for evaluating muscle quality in a population of Czech children, through integration with gold-standard assessments of muscle strength and body composition. The primary aim of this study is to assess the reliability and construct validity of quadriceps muscle EI using ultrasound as a proxy measure of morphological muscle quality in children aged 10-14 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Children aged 10-14 years will undergo ultrasound assessment of the quadriceps femoris (QF). EI will be derived from longitudinal scans of each QF head and the cross-sectional area (CSAQF) from panoramic mid-thigh images. Muscle function will be assessed as maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of isometric knee extension with muscle quality expressed as MVC/CSAQF. A 30 s sit-to-stand test (30STS) will be used as an additional functional measure. EI reliability (intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest) will be evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots and complementary indices. Exploratory known-groups validity will be tested by comparing EI between weight-status groups. Control variables include dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body composition, skeletal age (as determined by DXA hand scans) and physical activity (assessed using 7-day accelerometry).This study will include 200 children (100 girls and 100 boys) aged 10-14 years using an a priori power analysis based on the primary objective of assessing construct validity through multiple linear regression, assuming an alpha level of 0.05 and 80% power. Participants will be recruited from paediatric outpatients of the Paediatric Obesity Clinic and individuals reached through a recruitment campaign. Inclusion criteria require general good health, while exclusion criteria include a history or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic or neurological disease, as well as the use of over-the-counter or prescribed medications. Informed consent and assent will be obtained from all participants.Reliability of ultrasound-derived EI will be assessed for intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest agreement using ICC coefficients, Bland-Altman plots and complementary indices such as SE of measurement, coefficient of variation and minimal detectable change at 95% CI, following Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments guidelines. Construct validity will be examined by modelling associations between EI and functional muscle quality (MVC/CSAQF), with 30STS as an additional functional measure. Known-groups validity will be tested by comparing EI across weight groups, using generalised linear regression models adjusted for skeletal age, body composition and physical activity. All validity analyses will be conducted separately for girls and boys. Ultrasound-derived EI of the QF is expected to show high reliability (ICC≥0.80) and acceptable test-retest reproducibility. Construct validity should be supported by moderate associations with functional muscle quality (MVC/CSAQF), while known-groups validity is expected to reveal higher EI values in children with obesity and/or insufficient physical activity. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University (EK 101/2024). Written parental consent and verbal assent from children will be obtained, with all data handled confidentially and anonymised. Results will be disseminated transparently to participants and their families in line with ethical principles of respect, beneficence and justice. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06792279.

• Klíčová slova
• Child, Obesity, Ultrasound,
• MeSH
• čtyřhlavý sval stehenní * diagnostické zobrazování   fyziologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• svalová síla * fyziologie   MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• validační studie jako téma MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• protokol klinické studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Passive immunotherapy has been evaluated in many infections. The present study aims to evaluate purified F(ab')2 fraction of equine hyperimmune IgG (anti-SARS-CoV-2) in the treatment of coronavirus lung disease. Patients with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) with World Health Organization (WHO) score 3, 4 or 5 up to 72 hours of evolution from the onset of symptoms were included. They were randomly assigned to anti-SARS-CoV-2 or placebo. Follow-up was performed for 28 days to assess efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, detection of anti-horse antibodies, circulating cytokines and determination of anti-SARS neutralizing activity. The 20 initial patients (44±14 years) were included. On the third day of treatment there was an improvement (P=0.02) in arterial saturation (95±1.6 vs. 93±2.5%) with increasing differences over time between treatments (day 8: 97±0.1 vs. 94±0.3%). The length of oxygen therapy treatment was 2±0.8 vs. 3±0.9 (0.048) in patients falling within WHO 5 category (no difference to WHO 4). Mean hospitalization was 13±2.5 vs. 14±0.8 days (P=0.095) and time to clinical improvement was 2±0.5 vs. 3±0.9 days (P=0.048) in patients with initial 5 WHO category, with no differences to patients who started with WHO stage 4. The time to nasal swab negativization was 10±2.1 vs. 12±0 day (P=0.015). No adverse reactions or intercurrences were detected. All patients presented heterophile antibodies without clinical correlate. The new treatment shows improvement in arterial saturation (days 3 to 12), and a decrease on detectable viral RNA (days 8 to 11) with good pharmacokinetic and safety profile.

• Klíčová slova
• Antibodies, Antitoxin, Equine immune sera, Immune sera, Immunoglobulin fragments, Immunotherapy, SARS-CoV-2,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * terapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pasivní imunizace * metody   MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 imunologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky virové MeSH

BACKGROUND: Despite substantial evidence supporting the benefits of physical activity (PA) for older adults, participation rates remain low due to physical, psychological, social, and institutional barriers. Recruiting older adults for PA studies thus presents significant challenges, particularly for socially vulnerable populations and those facing digital literacy limitations in technology-assisted PA interventions. The present study aimed to articulate and establish a consensus among multidisciplinary and multinational PA experts regarding key considerations and requirements for designing and implementing recruitment of older adults for PA studies. METHODS: This study employed a mixed-methods consensus approach integrating a structured formal consensus process with a two-round Delphi survey. Through face-to-face and online discussions, an expert panel group formulated 104 initial recommendations regarding the recruitment of older adults for PA studies. In the first Delphi round, 42 external experts assessed the relevance of each recommendation, and recommendations with a ≥ 70% agreement threshold were considered consensual. The second round included 60 refined recommendations that were evaluated by 31 experts. A final consensus was reached through iterative expert panel discussions. RESULTS: Of the 104 initial recommendations, 52 (50%) met the inclusion threshold during the first round. In the second round of Delphi, 36 of the 60 revised recommendations (60%) achieved consensus, with agreement ranging from 71.0 to 96.8%. The final consensus process established 34 key recommendations categorized into four domains: (1) ethical principles (71.7-93.5%), (2) informed consent (71.0-96.8%), (3) stakeholder engagement (61.3-83.9%), and (4) recruitment strategies for technology-assisted PA interventions (74.2-87.1%). However, there remains a lack of consensus on the extent to which sociocultural diversity and differences in sample representation should be addressed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides expert-driven, consensus-based recommendations to improve the recruitment of older adults for PA studies. Adherence to ethical considerations, informed consent procedures, stakeholder collaboration, and tailored strategies for technology-assisted interventions were highlighted. These findings offer practical guidance for researchers and practitioners in planning and obtaining adequate participation in PA studies involving older adults.

• Klíčová slova
• Delphi method, Expert consensus, Older adults, Physical activity research, Recruitment strategies,
• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• delfská metoda MeSH
• konsensus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výběr pacientů * etika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH