• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• krevní transfuze mortalita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• myelodysplastické syndromy mortalita   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• přetížení železem etiologie   metabolismus   mortalita   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• železo škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• železo MeSH

The liver secretes hepcidin (Hepc) into the bloodstream to reduce blood iron levels. Hepc accomplishes this by triggering degradation of the only known cellular iron exporter ferroportin in the gut, macrophages, and liver. We previously demonstrated that systemic Hepc knockout (HepcKO) mice, which have high serum iron, develop retinal iron overload and degeneration. However, it was unclear whether this is caused by high blood iron levels or, alternatively, retinal iron influx that would normally be regulated by retina-produced Hepc. To address this question, retinas of liver-specific and retina-specific HepcKO mice were studied. Liver-specific HepcKO mice had elevated blood and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) iron levels and increased free (labile) iron levels in the retina, despite an intact blood-retinal barrier. This led to RPE hypertrophy associated with lipofuscin-laden lysosome accumulation. Photoreceptors also degenerated focally. In contrast, there was no change in retinal or RPE iron levels or degeneration in the retina-specific HepcKO mice. These data indicate that high blood iron levels can lead to retinal iron accumulation and degeneration. High blood iron levels can occur in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis or result from use of iron supplements or multiple blood transfusions. Our results suggest that high blood iron levels may cause or exacerbate retinal disease.

• MeSH
• degenerace retiny etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• hematoretinální bariéra MeSH
• hepcidiny fyziologie   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• přetížení železem etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• retina metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Hamp protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• hepcidiny MeSH
• železo MeSH

Excessive iron accumulation in the liver, which accompanies certain genetic or metabolic diseases, impairs bile acids (BA) synthesis, but the influence of iron on the complex process of BA homeostasis is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effect of iron overload (IO) on BA turnover in rats. Compared with control rats, IO (8 intraperitoneal doses of 100 mg/kg every other day) significantly decreased bile flow as a consequence of decreased biliary BA secretion. This decrease was associated with reduced expression of Cyp7a1, the rate limiting enzyme in the conversion of cholesterol to BA, and decreased expression of Bsep, the transporter responsible for BA efflux into bile. However, IO did not change net BA content in faeces in response to increased intestinal conversion of BA into hyodeoxycholic acid. In addition, IO increased plasma cholesterol concentrations, which corresponded with reduced Cyp7a1 expression and increased expression of Hmgcr, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo cholesterol synthesis. In summary, this study describes the mechanisms impairing synthesis, biliary secretion and intestinal processing of BA during IO. Altered elimination pathways for BA and cholesterol may interfere with the pathophysiology of liver damage accompanying liver diseases with excessive iron deposition.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• játra metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• přetížení železem etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• cholesterol MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH

Expression of hepcidin, the hormone regulating iron homeostasis, is increased by iron overload and decreased by accelerated erythropoiesis or iron deficiency. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of these stimuli, either alone or in combination, on the main signaling pathway controlling hepcidin biosynthesis in the liver, and on the expression of splenic modulators of hepcidin biosynthesis. Liver phosphorylated SMAD 1 and 5 proteins were determined by immunoblotting in male mice treated with iron dextran, kept on an iron deficient diet, or administered recombinant erythropoietin for four consecutive days. Administration of iron increased liver phosphorylated SMAD protein content and hepcidin mRNA content; subsequent administration of erythropoietin significantly decreased both the iron-induced phosphorylated SMAD proteins and hepcidin mRNA. These results are in agreement with the recent observation that erythroferrone binds and inactivates the BMP6 protein. Administration of erythropoietin substantially increased the amount of erythroferrone and transferrin receptor 2 proteins in the spleen; pretreatment with iron did not influence the erythropoietin-induced content of these proteins. Erythropoietin-treated iron-deficient mice displayed smaller spleen size in comparison with erythropoietin-treated mice kept on a control diet. While the erythropoietin-induced increase in splenic erythroferrone protein content was not significantly affected by iron deficiency, the content of transferrin receptor 2 protein was lower in the spleens of erythropoietin-treated mice kept on iron-deficient diet, suggesting posttranscriptional regulation of transferrin receptor 2. Interestingly, iron deficiency and erythropoietin administration had additive effect on hepcidin gene downregulation in the liver. In mice subjected both to iron deficiency and erythropoietin administration, the decrease of hepcidin expression was much more pronounced than the decrease in phosphorylated SMAD protein content or the decrease in the expression of the SMAD target genes Id1 and Smad7. These results suggest the existence of another, SMAD-independent pathway of hepcidin gene downregulation.

• MeSH
• deficit železa * MeSH
• erythropoetin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• erytropoéza účinky léků   MeSH
• fosforylace MeSH
• hepcidiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• přetížení železem metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• proteiny Smad genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese účinky léků   MeSH
• železo aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• erythropoetin MeSH
• Hamp protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• hepcidiny MeSH
• proteiny Smad MeSH
• železo MeSH

BACKGROUND: Sideroblastic anemia represents a heterogeneous group of inherited or acquired diseases with disrupted erythroblast iron utilization, ineffective erythropoiesis, and variable systemic iron overload. In a cohort of 421 patients with multisystem mitochondrial diseases, refractory anemia was found in 8 children. RESULTS: Five children had sideroblastic anemia with increased numbers of ring sideroblasts >15%. Two of the children had a fatal course of MLASA1 syndrome (mitochondrial myopathy, lactic acidosis, and sideroblastic anemia [SA]) due to a homozygous, 6-kb deletion in the PUS1 gene, part of the six-member family of pseudouridine synthases (pseudouridylases). Large homozygous deletions represent a novel cause of presumed PUS1-loss-of-function phenotype. The other three children with SA had Pearson syndrome (PS) due to mtDNA deletions of 4 to 8 kb; two of these children showed early onset of PS and died due to repeated sepsis; the other child had later onset of PS and survived as the hematological parameters normalized and the disease transitioned to Kearns-Sayre syndrome. In addition, anemia without ring sideroblasts was found in three other patients with mitochondrial disorders, including two children with later onset of PS and one child with failure to thrive, microcephaly, developmental delay, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and renal tubular acidosis due to the heterozygous mutations c.610A>G (p.Asn204Asp) and c.674C>T (p.Pro225Leu) in the COX10 gene encoding the cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor. CONCLUSIONS: Sideroblastic anemia was found in fewer than 1.2% of patients with multisystem mitochondrial disease, and it was usually associated with an unfavorable prognosis.

• Klíčová slova
• MLASA, Pearson syndrome, mitochondrial disorders, mtDNA, ring sideroblasts, sideroblastic anemia,
• MeSH
• acyl-CoA-dehydrogenasa s dlouhým řetězcem nedostatek   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální nemoci * genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• nemoci svalů * genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• přetížení železem * genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• sideroblastická anemie * genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• syndrom MELAS * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu tuků * genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• vrozené syndromy selhání kostní dřeně MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acyl-CoA-dehydrogenasa s dlouhým řetězcem MeSH

Thalassemias are a heterogeneous group of red blood cell disorders, considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality among genetic diseases. However, there is still no universally available cure for thalassemias. The underlying basis of thalassemia pathology is the premature apoptotic destruction of erythroblasts causing ineffective erythropoiesis. In β-thalassemia, β-globin synthesis is reduced causing α-globin accumulation. Unpaired globin chains, with heme attached to them, accumulate in thalassemic erythroblasts causing oxidative stress and the premature cell death. We hypothesize that in β-thalassemia heme oxygenase (HO) 1 could play a pathogenic role in the development of anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. To test this hypothesis, we exploited a mouse model of β-thalassemia intermedia, Th3/+ We observed that HO inhibition using tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) decreased heme-iron recycling in the liver and ameliorated anemia in the Th3/+ mice. SnPP administration led to a decrease in erythropoietin and increase in hepcidin serum levels, changes that were accompanied by an alleviation of ineffective erythropoiesis in Th3/+ mice. Additionally, the bone marrow from Th3/+ mice treated with SnPP exhibited decreased heme catabolism and diminished iron release as well as reduced apoptosis. Our results indicate that the iron released from heme because of HO activity contributes to the pathophysiology of thalassemia. Therefore, new therapies that suppress heme catabolism may be beneficial in ameliorating the anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis in thalassemias.

• MeSH
• beta-talasemie krev   komplikace   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• erythropoetin krev   MeSH
• erytropoéza účinky léků   MeSH
• hemoxygenasa-1 analýza   antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• metaloporfyriny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• přetížení železem krev   komplikace   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• protoporfyriny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• erythropoetin MeSH
• hemoxygenasa-1 MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů MeSH
• metaloporfyriny MeSH
• protoporfyriny MeSH
• tin protoporphyrin IX MeSH Prohlížeč

Iron is both an essential and a potentially toxic element, and its systemic homeostasis is controlled by the iron hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin binds to the cellular iron exporter ferroportin, causes its degradation, and thereby diminishes iron uptake from the intestine and the release of iron from macrophages. Given that hepcidin-resistant ferroportin mutant mice show exocrine pancreas dysfunction, we analysed pancreata of aging hepcidin knockout (KO) mice. Hepcidin and Hfe KO mice were compared with wild-type (WT) mice kept on standard or iron-rich diets. Twelve-month-old hepcidin KO mice were subjected to daily minihepcidin PR73 treatment for 1 week. Six-month-old hepcidin KO mice showed cytoplasmic acinar iron overload and mild pancreatitis, together with elevated expression of the iron uptake mediators DMT1 and Zip14. Acinar atrophy, massive macrophage infiltration, fatty changes and pancreas fibrosis were noted in 1-year-old hepcidin KO mice. As an underlying mechanism, 6-month-old hepcidin KO mice showed increased pancreatic oxidative stress, with elevated DNA damage, apoptosis and activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling. Neither iron overload nor pancreatic damage was observed in WT mice fed iron-rich diet or in Hfe KO mice. Minihepcidin application to hepcidin KO mice led to an improvement in general health status and to iron redistribution from acinar cells to macrophages. It also resulted in decreased NF-κB activation and reduced DNA damage. In conclusion, loss of hepcidin signalling in mice leads to iron overload-induced chronic pancreatitis that is not seen in situations with less severe iron accumulation. The observed tissue injury can be reversed by hepcidin supplementation. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

• Klíčová slova
• chronic pancreatitis, iron overload, minihepcidin,
• MeSH
• acinární buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• apoptóza fyziologie   MeSH
• chronická pankreatitida etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• cytoplazma metabolismus   MeSH
• hepcidiny nedostatek   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• makrofágy patologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   MeSH
• pankreas ultrastruktura   MeSH
• přetížení železem komplikace   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hepcidiny MeSH

The role of oxidative stress in the initiation and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) as a consequence of iron overload remains unclear. In this study we have simultaneously quantified plasma low-molecular-weight aminothiols, malondialdehyde, nitrite, and nitrate and have studied their correlation with serum iron/ferritin levels, patient treatment (chelation therapy), and clinical outcomes. We found significantly elevated plasma levels of total, oxidized, and reduced forms of cysteine (P < 0.001), homocysteine (P < 0.001), and cysteinylglycine (P < 0.006) and significantly depressed levels of total and oxidized forms of glutathione (P < 0.03) and nitrite (P < 0.001) in MDS patients compared to healthy donors. Moreover, total (P < 0.032) and oxidized cysteinylglycine (P = 0.029) and nitrite (P = 0.021) differed significantly between the analyzed MDS subgroups with different clinical classifications. Malondialdehyde levels in plasma correlated moderately with both serum ferritin levels (r = 0.78, P = 0.001) and serum free iron levels (r = 0.60, P = 0.001) and were significantly higher in patients with iron overload. The other analyzed compounds lacked correlation with iron overload (represented by serum iron/ferritin levels). For the first time our results have revealed significant differences in the concentrations of plasma aminothiols in MDS patients, when compared to healthy donors. We found no correlation of these parameters with iron overload and suggest the role of oxidative stress in the development of MDS disease.

• MeSH
• dipeptidy krev   MeSH
• dusičnany krev   MeSH
• dusitany krev   MeSH
• ferritiny krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malondialdehyd krev   MeSH
• myelodysplastické syndromy krev   komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• přetížení železem krev   komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny krev   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• železo krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cysteinylglycine MeSH Prohlížeč
• dipeptidy MeSH
• dusičnany MeSH
• dusitany MeSH
• ferritiny MeSH
• malondialdehyd MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH
• železo MeSH

Liver iron overload can be found in hereditary hemochromatosis, chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, and chronic viral hepatitis or secondary to repeated blood transfusions. The excess iron promotes liver damage, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite significant research effort, we remain largely ignorant of the cellular consequences of liver iron overload and the cellular processes that result in the observed pathological changes. In addition, the variability in outcome and the compensatory response that likely modulates the effect of increased iron levels are not understood. To provide insight into these critical questions, we undertook a study to determine the consequences of iron overload on protein levels in liver using a proteomic approach. Using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), we studied hepatic iron overload induced by carbonyl iron-rich diet in mice and identified 30 liver proteins whose quantity changes in condition of excess liver iron. Among the identified proteins were enzymes involved in several important metabolic pathways, namely the urea cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and the methylation cycle. This pattern of changes likely reflects compensatory and pathological changes associated with liver iron overload and provides a window into these processes.

• MeSH
• 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• enzymy metabolismus   MeSH
• játra enzymologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metylace MeSH
• močovina metabolismus   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nemoci jater enzymologie   etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• přetížení železem chemicky indukované   komplikace   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• sloučeniny železa MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• enzymy MeSH
• iron pentacarbonyl MeSH Prohlížeč
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• močovina MeSH
• sloučeniny železa MeSH

Hereditary hemochromatosis type I is an autosomal-recessive iron overload disease associated with a mutation in HFE gene. The most common mutation, C282Y, disrupts the disulfide bond necessary for the association of HFE with beta-2-microglobulin and abrogates cell surface HFE expression. HFE-deficient mice develop iron overload indicating a central role of the protein in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis type I. However, despite significant effort, the role of the HFE protein in iron metabolism is still unknown. To shed a light on the molecular mechanism of HFE-related hemochromatosis we studied protein expression changes elicited by HFE-deficiency in the liver which is the organ critical for the regulation of iron metabolism. We undertook a proteomic study comparing protein expression in the liver of HFE deficient mice with control animals. We compared HFE-deficient animals with control animals with identical iron levels obtained by dietary treatment to identify changes specific to HFE deficiency rather than iron loading. We found 11 proteins that were differentially expressed in the HFE-deficient liver using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry identification. Of particular interest were urinary proteins 1, 2 and 6, glutathione-S-transferase P1, selenium binding protein 2, sarcosine dehydrogenase and thioredoxin-like protein 2. Our data suggest possible involvement of lipocalins, TNF-alpha signaling and PPAR alpha regulatory pathway in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis and suggest future targeted research addressing the roles of the identified candidate genes in the molecular mechanism of hereditary hemochromatosis.

• MeSH
• 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• hemochromatóza genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové proteiny nedostatek   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• MHC antigeny I. třídy genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• přetížení železem genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• protein hemochromatózy MeSH
• proteom genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Hfe protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• MHC antigeny I. třídy MeSH
• protein hemochromatózy MeSH
• proteom MeSH
• železo MeSH