Rainfed wheat is of paramount importance to global food security, representing the most extensively cultivated crop worldwide. In a considerable number of regions, wheat yields fail to reach the anticipated production levels. Although an increase in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer inputs can enhance yield and help to close the yield gap, excessive use can lead to environmental pollution and disrupt biogeochemical cycles. The objective of this study is to ascertain the optimal rates of N and P application required to achieve 50 %, 70 %, and 80 % of the water-limited potential yield (Yw) for rainfed wheat. By integrating the Global Yield Gap Atlas with regression models and meta-analysis, we evaluated the global N and P requirements for rainfed wheat. The results demonstrate that to achieve a yield target of 50 % Yw, a reduction of 40 % in the application of N is required. Conversely, a 10 % reduction in N application is necessary to reach a yield target of 70 % Yw. To reach 80 % Yw, an increase of 13 % in the application of N is required. Regarding P, a reduction of 12 % is required in order to achieve a 50 % Yw, whereas both 70 % and 80 % Yw targets necessitate an increase of 15 %. These findings offer crucial insights for policymakers and agricultural stakeholders, providing a basis for enhancing food security, improving sustainability, and addressing the global yield gap challenge.
- Klíčová slova
- Fertilizer, GYGA results, Potential yield, Rainfed wheat, Yield gap,
- MeSH
- dusík * analýza MeSH
- fosfor * analýza MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva * analýza MeSH
- pšenice * růst a vývoj MeSH
- zemědělství * metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík * MeSH
- fosfor * MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva * MeSH
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in enhancing the health and productivity of host plants, including grapevine. By forming symbiotic relationships with plant roots, AMF significantly improve water uptake and nutrient absorption, particularly phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). This study evaluated the microbiome composition and AMF colonization in the grapevine endorhizosphere across five wine-growing sub-regions in the Czech Republic. In all five sub-regions, in terms of composition of the fungal microbiome, the phyla Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes were most numerous. Additionally, the study confirmed that LSU primers are more sensitive than ITS primers for AMF sequencing. While the representation of the phylum Glomeromycetes ranged from 0.07% to 5.65% in the ITS library, it was significantly higher, ranging from 83.74% to 98.71%, in the LSU library. The most significant difference compared to other sub-regions was observed in the Slovácko sub-region, where the soil had a low pH, a different texture (sandy loam), reduced micronutrient concentration, and low organic matter. The application of chemical plant protection products to grapevines also could have played a significant role, with 49 applications recorded in the Slovácko sub-region during the three years preceding sample collection. In other sub-regions, chemical treatments were conducted only 19-26 times. These factors resulted in only trace amounts of AMF being detected in Slovácko. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that AMF positively influenced the phosphorus concentration in the soil and reduced the presence of certain fungal pathogens.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Endorhizosphere, Grapevine, Metagenomics, Microbiome, Soil characteristics,
- MeSH
- Basidiomycota genetika fyziologie MeSH
- fosfor metabolismus analýza MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- mykobiom MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- rhizosféra MeSH
- Vitis * mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fosfor MeSH
- půda * MeSH
The impact of atmospheric pollution on the growth of European forest tree species, particularly European beech, Silver fir and Norway spruce, is examined in five mesic forests in the Czech Republic. Analyzing of basal area increment (BAI) patterns using linear mixed effect models reveals a complex interplay between atmospheric nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) deposition, climatic variables and changing CO2 concentrations. Beech BAI responds positively to N deposition (in tandem with air CO2 concentration), with soil phosphorus (P) availability emerging as a significant factor influencing overall growth rates. Fir BAI, on the other hand, was particularly negatively influenced by S deposition, although recent growth acceleration suggests growth resilience in post-pollution period. This fir growth surge likely coincides with stimulation of P acquisition following the decline of acidic pollution. The consequence is the current highest productivity among the studied tree species. The growth dynamics of both conifers were closely linked to the stoichiometric imbalance of phosphorus in needles, indicating the possible sensitivity of exogenous controls on nutrient uptake. Furthermore, spruce BAI was positively linked to calcium availability across sites. Despite enhanced water-use efficiency under elevated CO2, spruce growth is constrained by precipitation deficit and demonstrates weakening resilience to increasing growing season air temperatures. Overall, these findings underscore the intricate relationships between atmospheric pollution, nutrient availability, and climatic factors in shaping the growth dynamics of European forest ecosystems. Thus, incorporating biogeochemical context of nutrient availability is essential for realistic modelling of tree growth in a changing climate.
- Klíčová slova
- Acidification, CO(2), Central Europe, Climate, Eutrophication, Nitrogen, Nutrient stoichiometry, Phosphorus, Productivity, Tree-ring,
- MeSH
- buk (rod) * účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- jedle MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- smrk * růst a vývoj MeSH
- stromy * MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
Sewage sludge, a byproduct of wastewater treatment, poses serious environmental and health risks due to its content of organic contaminants, heavy metals, and pathogenic microorganisms. With the growing global production of municipal wastewater, finding effective methods for managing and disposing of sewage sludge has become increasingly urgent. Traditional methods such as land disposal, dumping, and incineration have limitations and environmental drawbacks. However, recent advancements have shown promise in the valorization of sewage sludge, particularly through pyrolysis, which converts it into biochar for use in soil amendment and pollutant mitigation. This study aims to characterize and fractionate phosphate-amended sewage sludge biochar produced at 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C, and to evaluate its potential use in soil-plant systems. It examines nutrient bioavailability in soil after the addition of this biochar and its effects on plant growth. The pyrolysis process resulted in biochar with high alkalinity (7.2-11.1), ash content ranging from 56.9% to 87.3%, and significant phosphorus retention, with phosphorus concentrations increasing with pyrolysis temperature (5.35%-9.38%). Phosphorus fractionation showed a shift toward more stable fractions particularly at 500 °C. Soil incubation experiments indicated increased phosphorus availability with HCl-extractable P showing a high extraction efficiency of up to 94.95%. In plant growth experiments, the amended biochar significantly enhanced growth, with corn showing an increase of up to 28.8% and wheat showing an increase of up to 86% compared to the control in the first four weeks after emergence. These findings indicate that phosphate-amended sewage sludge biochar enhances nutrient availability and supports plant growth, providing a sustainable solution for sewage sludge management, contributing to soil improvement and carbon sequestration, thereby addressing global environmental challenges.
- Klíčová slova
- Biochar production, Environmental remediation, Sewage sludge management, Soil amendment, Waste valorization,
- MeSH
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * chemie MeSH
- fosfáty * chemie analýza MeSH
- fosfor analýza chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- odpadní vody * chemie MeSH
- půda * chemie MeSH
- pyrolýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biochar MeSH Prohlížeč
- dřevěné a živočišné uhlí * MeSH
- fosfáty * MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- odpadní vody * MeSH
- půda * MeSH
The study provides a descriptive understanding of when fish (Cyprinus carpio model) are the source or sink of phosphorus. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP; PO4-P) losses (51.1 ± 5.9 % of intake-P) increase at excess of bioavailable P (>0.83 g 100 g-1 dry matter, DM fed) or when food (digestible) N:P mass ratio (≤4.4:1) approaches organismal storage threshold (~4:1). This is known, however, even at a sub-threshold food P content (0.57 g 100 g-1 DM) and food N:P mass ratio (7.3:1), DRP losses (57.8 ± 4.5 % of intake-P) may be extraordinary if two indispensable amino acids are biologically insufficient (lysine ≤1.43 g, methionine ≤0.39 g 100 g-1 DM fed). Given that methionine and lysine are sufficient, DRP losses cease (≈0 %) and even some P from water is absorbed, given there is support from non-protein energy (NPE). Insufficient NPE (<180 kcal 100 g-1 DM fed) may drive DRP losses (81.6 ± 4.3 % of intake-P) beyond expected levels (46-59 % of intake-P) at a given food P content (0.91 g 100 g-1 DM). Natural food seldom fulfills low P, high lysine + methionine, and high NPE contents simultaneously, thus keeping fish in a perpetual P recycling for algae (scaleless carp > scaly carp). Such P recycling ceases only during basal metabolism. During feeding state, the richness of lysine + methionine bound N and lipid + carbohydrate bound C in the food base may enhance the fishes' threshold of P storage. P storage can be diminished when they are insufficient. We show that for fish, the decision of P recycling or not recycling (for algae) may change based on the supply of specific fractions of N or C from the food web or metabolic variations (basal metabolism, presence of scales). NOVELTY STATEMENT: The ecological stoichiometry theory is better connected to fish nutritional bioenergetics for better understanding and biomanipulation of eutrophication processes.
- Klíčová slova
- Amino acids, Ecological stoichiometry, Non-protein energy, Nutritional bioenergetics, Phosphorus dynamics, Phosphorus recycling,
- MeSH
- dieta * veterinární MeSH
- fosfor * analýza MeSH
- kapři metabolismus MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fosfor * MeSH
We explored the potential of a fungal strain Aspergillus costaricensis KS1 for modulating growth and nutrient mobilization in rice. At laboratory conditions, there was a decline in pH of the medium on inoculation with the strain and the production of citric acid was observed under broth conditions. Similarly, there was higher solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and siderophore production in liquid medium on inoculation with the strain. The effect of inoculation of KS1 was studied in rice and higher growth and yield were observed on inoculation compared to control. The content of phosphorus and iron in stem and roots of KS1 inoculated plants was higher in comparison with uninoculated control. There was also increased availability of phosphorus and iron content in soil grown with KS1 inoculated plants. In addition, inoculation with strain resulted in a higher content of volatile organic compounds such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and ethyl isoallocholate in stem of rice. A. costaricensis KS1 can be used for improving phosphorus and iron nutrition and impart tolerance against stresses in rice.
- Klíčová slova
- Aspergillus, Growth, Iron, Phosphorus, Rice, Volatile organic compounds,
- MeSH
- Aspergillus * metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- fosfor * metabolismus analýza MeSH
- fosforečnany vápenaté metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina citronová metabolismus MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- rýže (rod) * mikrobiologie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- siderofory * metabolismus MeSH
- stonky rostlin mikrobiologie metabolismus chemie MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * metabolismus analýza MeSH
- železo * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fosfor * MeSH
- fosforečnany vápenaté MeSH
- kyselina citronová MeSH
- siderofory * MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * MeSH
- tricalcium phosphate MeSH Prohlížeč
- železo * MeSH
The coupled nature of the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling networks is of critical importance for sustainable food systems. Here we use material flow and ecological network analysis methods to map the N-P-coupled cycling network in China and evaluate its resilience. Results show a drop in resilience between 1980 and 2020, with further decreases expected by 2060 across different socio-economic pathways. Under a clean energy scenario with additional N and P demand, the resilience of the N-P-coupled cycling network would suffer considerably, especially in the N layer. China's socio-economic system may also see greater N emissions to the environment, thus disturbing the N cycle and amplifying the conflict between energy and food systems given the scarcity of P. Our findings on scenario-specific synergies and trade-offs can aid the management of N- and P-cycling networks in China by reducing chemical fertilizer use and food waste, for example.
Phosphorus (P) precipitation is among the most effective treatments to mitigate lake eutrophication. However, after a period of high effectiveness, studies have shown possible re-eutrophication and the return of harmful algal blooms. While such abrupt ecological changes were attributed to the internal P loading, the role of lake warming and its potential synergistic effects with internal loading, thus far, has been understudied. Here, in a eutrophic lake in central Germany, we quantified the driving mechanisms of the abrupt re-eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms in 2016 (30 years after the first P precipitation). A process-based lake ecosystem model (GOTM-WET) was established using a high-frequency monitoring data set covering contrasting trophic states. Model analyses suggested that the internal P release accounted for 68% of the cyanobacterial biomass proliferation, while lake warming contributed to 32%, including direct effects via promoting growth (18%) and synergistic effects via intensifying internal P loading (14%). The model further showed that the synergy was attributed to prolonged lake hypolimnion warming and oxygen depletion. Our study unravels the substantial role of lake warming in promoting cyanobacterial blooms in re-eutrophicated lakes. The warming effects on cyanobacteria via promoting internal loading need more attention in lake management, particularly for urban lakes.
- Klíčová slova
- GOTM-WET, climate change, cyanobacterial blooms, eutrophication, internal loading, phosphorus precipitation,
- MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- eutrofizace MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- jezera * mikrobiologie MeSH
- sinice * MeSH
- škodlivý vodní květ MeSH
- živiny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fosfor MeSH
One of the leading causes of As release from streambed sediments into freshwater systems is competition with phosphate. Among important sources of P to the fluvial ecosystems are wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), estimated to account for 25-45% of all P in surface waters. In this paper, long-term effects of discharged phosphorus from a small WWTP on the arsenic mobility were studied in an As-enriched fluvial system (approx. 240 mg/kg) in central Czech Republic. After 7 years of elevated P (≤7.7 mg/L) in the stream water, the total As decreased by 25% and the total P increased by 40% in the sediments downstream (at a distance of 66 m). The results of the chemical extractions and mineralogical analyses indicated that the changes in the concentration were mostly due to the sorption processes in the Fe (oxyhydr)oxides (goethite and hematite). In the downstream samples, the As in these phases decreased two-fold, and P was significantly enriched by 45-140%. Phosphorus was also found precipitated as newly formed Ca phosphates. The stream water monitoring indicated that the discharged P was either sequestered when the levels of dissolved P were high (>2.3 mg/L) or released from the downstream sediments when these levels were low (<∼1.5 mg/L). Meanwhile, As was continuously mobilized from the downstream sediments likely due to (i) the ongoing As desorption from the exterior parts of the Fe (oxyhydr)oxides at high aqueous P levels and (ii) the dissolution of As-bearing Ca phosphates at low dissolved P levels. These findings clearly demonstrate that point sources of P to streams and rivers, such as WWTP, may result in the permanent and long-term release of As from contaminated streambed sediments.
- Klíčová slova
- Arsenic, Mobilization, Phosphate, Streambed sediment, Wastewater treatment plant,
- MeSH
- arsen * analýza MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- fosfáty analýza MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- geologické sedimenty MeSH
- voda analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- arsen * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- voda MeSH
Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient desired by crop plants in large quantities. However, hiking fertilizer prices need alternative N sources for reducing its requirements through appropriate management practices. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are well-known for their role in lowering N requirements of crop plants. This study assessed the impact of PGPR inoculation on growth, allometry and biochemical traits of chili under different N doses. Two PGPR, i.e., Azospirillum 'Er-20' (nitrogen fixing) and Agrobacterium 'Ca-18' (phosphorous solubilizing) were used for inoculation, while control treatment had no PGPR inoculation. Six N doses, i.e., 100, 80, 75, 70, 60 and 50% of the N required by chili were included in the study. Data relating to growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits were recorded. Interaction among N doses and PGPR inoculation significantly altered all growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits. The highest values of the recorded traits were observed for 100% N with and without PGPR inoculation and 75% N with PGPR inoculation. The lowest values of the recorded traits were noted for 50% N without PGPR inoculation. The PGPR inoculation improved the measured traits compared to the traits recorded noted in same N dose without PGPR inoculation. Results revealed that PGPR had the potential to lower 25% N requirement for chili. Therefore, it is recommended that PGPR must be used in chili cultivation to lower N requirements.
- MeSH
- Agrobacterium metabolismus MeSH
- Azospirillum metabolismus MeSH
- Capsicum růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- draslík analýza MeSH
- dusík analýza MeSH
- fixace dusíku fyziologie MeSH
- fosfor analýza MeSH
- kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva analýza MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- semenáček růst a vývoj MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- odvolaná publikace MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Pákistán MeSH
- Názvy látek
- draslík MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- fosfor MeSH
- průmyslová hnojiva MeSH
