AIMS: The study aimed to explore the sustainable synthesis of metal nanoparticles using a green and eco-friendly resource. Specifically, it investigated the utilization of Cannabis sativa waste extract for the production of gold and silver nanoparticles, focusing on their antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, which are significant in nosocomial infections. METHODS: Cannabis sativa waste extract was employed to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles through a green synthesis approach. The produced nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antimicrobial efficacy of the synthesized nanoparticles was assessed through their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, utilizing a microcultivation device, solid medium cultivation, and a metabolic activity assay in a polystyrene microtiter plate, respectively. RESULTS: The TEM analysis revealed the size and morphology of the nanoparticles, while AAS confirmed their concentration. XRD provided insights into the crystalline structure, and FTIR analysis identified the molecular structure of the nanoparticle's stabilizing layer. The synthesized nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with determined MIC, MBC, and MBIC values of produced silver nanoparticles, showcasing their potential as effective antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSIONS: This study successfully demonstrated the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Cannabis sativa waste extract and highlighted their potent antimicrobial properties. It underscores the potential of utilizing plant waste extracts in sustainable nanomaterial synthesis and contributes to the fields of green nanotechnology and waste valorization within the circular economy. The findings also offer valuable insights into developing natural waste source-based antimicrobial agents.

• Klíčová slova
• Antimicrobials, Cannabis, Nanoparticles, Synthesis, Waste valorization,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Besides many other uses, dried Cannabis may be used for "tea" preparation. This study focused on a comprehensive characterization of an aqueous infusion prepared according to a common practice from three fairly different Cannabis cultivars. The transfer of 42 phytocannabinoids and 12 major bioactive compounds (flavonoids) into the infusion was investigated using UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Phytocannabinoid acids were transferred generally in a higher extent compared to their counterparts; in the case of Δ9-THC, it was only in the range of 0.4-1.9% of content in the Cannabis used. A dramatic increase of phytocannabinoids, mainly of the neutral species, occurred when cream was added during steeping, and the transfer of Δ9-THC into "tea" achieved a range of 53-64%. Under such conditions, drinking a 250 mL cup of such tea by a 70 kg person might lead to multiple exceedance of the Acute Reference Dose (ARfD), 1 μg/kg b.w., even in the case when using hemp with a Δ9-THC content below 1% in dry weight for preparation.

• Klíčová slova
• THC isomers, UHPLC-HRMS/MS, bioactive compounds, cannabis tea, cannflavins, flavonoids, phytocannabinoids,
• MeSH
• čaj chemie   MeSH
• Cannabis * chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   analýza   MeSH
• kanabinoidy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol analýza   chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• čaj MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• kanabinoidy MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol MeSH

The Cannabis sativa plant has been used for centuries as a recreational drug and more recently in the treatment of patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders. In many instances, treatment goals include relief from posttraumatic disorders, anxiety, or to support treatment of chronic pain. Ligands acting on cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) are also potential targets for the treatment of other health conditions. Using an evidence-based approach, pharmacological investigation of CB1R agonists is timely, with the aim to provide chronically ill patients relief using well-defined and characterized compounds from cannabis. Hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), currently available over the counter in many countries to adults and even children, is of great interests to policy makers, legal administrators, and healthcare regulators, as well as pharmacologists. Herein, we studied the pharmacodynamics of HHC epimers, which activate CB1R. We compared their key CB1R-mediated signaling pathway activities and compared them to the pathways activated by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC). We provide evidence that activation of CB1R by HHC ligands is only broadly comparable to those mediated by Δ9-THC, and that both HHC epimers have unique properties. Together with the greater chemical stability of HHC compared to Δ9-THC, these molecules have a potential to become a part of modern medicine.

• MeSH
• agonisté kanabinoidních receptorů farmakologie   MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• kanabinol farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• receptor kanabinoidní CB1 * metabolismus   agonisté   MeSH
• signální transdukce * účinky léků   MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol * farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• agonisté kanabinoidních receptorů MeSH
• kanabinol MeSH
• receptor kanabinoidní CB1 * MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol * MeSH

Antibiotic resistance in staphylococcal strains and its impact on public health and agriculture are global problems. The development of new anti-staphylococcal agents is an effective strategy for addressing the increasing incidence of bacterial resistance. In this study, ethanolic extracts of Cannabis sativa L. made from plant parts harvested during the whole vegetation cycle under various nutritional treatments were assessed for in vitro anti-staphylococcal effects. The results showed that all the cannabis extracts tested exhibited a certain degree of growth inhibition against bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including antibiotic-resistant and antibiotic-sensitive forms. The highest antibacterial activity of the extracts was observed from the 5th to the 13th week of plant growth across all the nutritional treatments tested, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 32 to 64 µg/mL. Using HPLC, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) was identified as the most abundant cannabinoid in the ethanolic extracts. A homolog of THCA, tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (THCVA), reduced bacterial growth by 74%. These findings suggest that the cannabis extracts tested in this study can be used for the development of new anti-staphylococcal compounds with improved efficacy.

• MeSH
• agonisté kanabinoidních receptorů farmakologie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Cannabis * MeSH
• ethanol farmakologie   MeSH
• halucinogeny * farmakologie   MeSH
• kanabinoidy * farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol farmakologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• agonisté kanabinoidních receptorů MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• halucinogeny * MeSH
• kanabinoidy * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol MeSH

Cannabis sativa L., a plant historically utilized for textile fibers, oil, and animal feed, is progressively being recognized as a potential food source. This review elucidates the nutritional and functional attributes of hemp and cannabidiol (CBD) within the context of food science. Hemp is characterized by the presence of approximately 545 secondary metabolites, among which around 144 are bioactive cannabinoids of primary importance. The study looks in detail at the nutritional components of cannabis and the potential health benefits of CBD, encompassing anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and antipsychotic effects. The review deals with the legislation and potential applications of hemp in the food industry and with the future directions of cannabis applications as well. The paper emphasizes the need for more scientific investigation to validate the safety and efficacy of hemp components in food products, as current research suggests that CBD may have great benefits for a wide range of consumers.

• Klíčová slova
• CBD, cannabinoids, food products, functional properties, health benefits, hemp, nutrition,
• MeSH
• Cannabis * MeSH
• halucinogeny * MeSH
• kanabidiol * farmakologie   MeSH
• kanabinoidy * farmakologie   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• halucinogeny * MeSH
• kanabidiol * MeSH
• kanabinoidy * MeSH

Cannabidiol (CBD), together with its precursor cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), is the major phytocannabinoid occurring in most hemp cultivars. To ensure the safe use of these compounds, their effective isolation from hemp extract is required, with special emphasis on the elimination of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (∆9-THCA-A). In this study, we demonstrate the applicability of fast centrifugal partition chromatography (FCPC) as a challenging format of counter-current preparative chromatography for the isolation of CBD and CBDA free of psychotropic compounds that may occur in Cannabis sativa L. plant extracts. Thirty-eight solvent mixtures were tested to identify a suitable two-phase system for this purpose. Based on the measured partition coefficients (KD) and separation factors (α), the two-phase system consisting of n-heptane:ethyl acetate:ethanol:water (1.5:0.5:1.5:0.5; v:v:v:v) was selected as an optimal solvent mixture. Employing UHPLC-HRMS/MS for target analysis of collected fractions, the elution profiles of 17 most common phytocannabinoids were determined. Under experimental conditions, the purity of isolated CBD and CBDA was 98.9 and 95.1% (w/w), respectively. Neither of ∆9-THC nor of ∆9-THCA-A were present; only trace amounts of other biologically active compounds contained in hemp extract were detected by screening against in-house spectral library using UHPLC-HRMS.

• Klíčová slova
• Fast centrifugal partition chromatography, Hemp extract, Phytocannabinoids, Pure cannabidiol/cannabidiolic acid, Removing ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol/∆9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, Single step fractionation,
• MeSH
• Cannabis * chemie   MeSH
• kanabidiol * analýza   MeSH
• psychotropní léky MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol analýza   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cannabidiolic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kanabidiol * MeSH
• psychotropní léky MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol MeSH

Cannabis contains more than 100 phytocannabinoids. Most of these remain poorly characterized, particularly in neurons. We tested a panel of five phytocannabinoids-cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) in two neuronal models, autaptic hippocampal neurons and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Autaptic neurons expressed a form of CB1-dependent retrograde plasticity while DRGs expressed a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. CBC, CBDA, and CBDVA had little or no effect on neuronal cannabinoid signaling. CBDV and THCV differentially inhibited cannabinoid signaling. THCV inhibited CB1 receptors presynaptically while CBDV acted post-synaptically, perhaps by inhibiting 2-AG production. None of the compounds elicited a consistent DRG response. In summary, we find that two of five 'minor' phytocannabinoids tested antagonized CB1-based signaling in a neuronal model, but with very different mechanisms. Our findings highlight the diversity of potential actions of phytocannabinoids and the importance of fully evaluating these compounds in neuronal models.

• Klíčová slova
• cannabichromene, cannabidiolic acid, cannabidivarin, cannabidivarinic acid, phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabivarin,
• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• fytonutrienty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kanabinoidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neurony účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• kanabinoidy MeSH