• Klíčová slova
• BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY *, CEREBRAL CORTEX *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, HIPPOCAMPUS *, MICE *, SLEEP *,
• MeSH
• elektrofyziologie * MeSH
• hipokampus * MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• mozková kůra * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• spánek * MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The polycystic organ thought to be the thymic rudiment in "athymic" nude mice increased with age and continues its secretory activity even in senescent nude mice. Only the epithelial lining of the cysts undergoes pressure atrophy. Analogous polycystic structures can be found also in euthymic mice with or without the nu gene. A lymphoepithelial rudiment is found in the thymic area of nude mice; it may represent the true endodermal thymic rudiment and generate the T cells. In addition, a peculiar, sometimes enlarged and thymus-like node is present laterocaudally from the polycystic organ.

• MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• imunoglobuliny MeSH
• lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• myši nahé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• thymus imunologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobuliny MeSH

Adar2-/- mice are a widely used model for studying the physiological consequences of reduced RNA editing. These mice are viable only when the Q/R editing site of the Gria2 subunit of the AMPA receptor is constitutively mutated to the codon for arginine, and Gria2R/R mice often serve as the sole control for Adar2-/- mice. Our study aimed to investigate whether ADAR2 inactivity and the Gria2R/R phenotype affect the rhythmicity of the circadian clock gene pattern and the expression of Gria1 and Gria2 subunits in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), hippocampus, parietal cortex and liver. Our data show that Gria2R/R mice completely lost circadian rhythmicity in the hippocampus compared to Adar2-/- mice. Compared to C57BL/6J mice, the expression profiles in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of Gria2R/R mice differ to the same extent as in Adar2-/-. No alterations were detected in the circadian profiles in the livers. These data suggest that the natural gradual postnatal increase in the editing of the Q/R site of the Gria2 subunit may be important for the development of circadian clockwork in some brain structures, and the use of Gria2R/R mice as the only control to Adar2-/- mice in the experiments dependent on the hippocampus and parietal cortex should therefore be considered.

• Klíčová slova
• Adar2, Circadian rhythms, Gria2, Hippocampus, Mice, Suprachiasmatic nucleus,
• MeSH
• adenosindeaminasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus * MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• hipokampus metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek * metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nucleus suprachiasmaticus metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ADAR2 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• adenosindeaminasa MeSH
• glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2 MeSH Prohlížeč

• Klíčová slova
• BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL *, CHLORPROMAZINE *, EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY *, MICE *, PERIODICITY *, PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY *,
• MeSH
• chlorpromazin * MeSH
• chování zvířat * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• periodicita * MeSH
• psychofarmakologie * MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorpromazin * MeSH

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder oftentimes associated with abnormal social behaviors and altered sensory responsiveness. It is hypothesized that the inappropriate filtering of sensory stimuli, including olfaction, can lead to aberrant social behavior in FXS. However, previous studies investigating olfaction in animal models of FXS have shown inconsistent results. Here, we found that Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice, a mouse model of FXS, showed increased sniffing duration for non-social odors during their first exposure. Additionally, while wild-type (WT) males demonstrated differences in behavioral patterns between non-social odors while Fmr1 KO males did not show such distinction. We also showed that Fmr1 KO males spent significantly less time sniffing female urine odor compared to WT males. Moreover, we found an increased volume of the olfactory bulb in Fmr1 KO males. Overall, our findings suggest that the Fmr1 KO mice demonstrate atypical olfactory behaviors as well as structural changes in the olfactory bulb.

• Klíčová slova
• Fmr1 KO mice, Fragile X syndrome, Odor discrimination test, Olfactory behavior, Olfactory bulb,
• MeSH
• bulbus olfactorius patologie   patofyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• chování zvířat MeSH
• čich * fyziologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• odoranty MeSH
• protein FMRP * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• syndrom fragilního X * genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Fmr1 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
• protein FMRP * MeSH

The response of leucocytes to an intraperitoneal injection of sheep red blood cells was investigated in normal (+/+) mice, athymic (nu/nu) mice and their hybrids (nu/+). In +/+ mice (in addition to a non-specific decrease in the number of granulocytes in the first 6 h after injection) the leucocyte levels were below the initial levels almost throughout the experiment (12 days). This was due mainly to lymphocytopenia. In nu/+ and nu/nu mice a marked leucocytosis developed, due mainly to the increased numbers of lymphocytes. The response of lymphocytes estimated by the morphological appearance of nucleoli showed an increase in numbers of both active lymphocytes with RNA-synthesizing nucleoli and terminal lymphocytes with micronucleoli.

• MeSH
• erytrocyty imunologie   MeSH
• granulocyty cytologie   MeSH
• hybridizace genetická MeSH
• imunizace MeSH
• inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
• leukocyty cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• leukopenie imunologie   MeSH
• lymfocyty cytologie   MeSH
• myši nahé genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ovce imunologie   MeSH
• tvorba protilátek MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Decreased metabolic flexibility, i.e. a compromised ability to adjust fuel oxidation to fuel availability supports development of adverse consequences of obesity. The aims of this study were (i) to learn whether obesity-resistant A/J and obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice differ in their metabolic flexibility right after weaning; and (ii) to characterize possible differences in control of glucose homeostasis in these animals using glucose tolerance tests (GTT). A/J and C57BL/6J mice of both genders were maintained at 20 °C and weaned to standard low-fat diet at 30 days of age. During the first day after weaning, using several separate animal cohorts, (i) GTT was performed using 1 or 3 mg glucose/g body weight (BW), while glucose was administered either orally (OGTT) or intraperitoneally (IPGTT) at 20 °C; and (ii) indirect calorimetry (INCA) was performed, either in a combination with oral gavage of 1 or 7.5 mg glucose/g BW, or during a fasting/re-feeding transition. INCA was conducted either at 20 °C or 34 °C. Results of both OGTT and IPGTT using 1 mg glucose/g BW at 20 °C, and INCA using 7.5 mg glucose/g BW at 34 °C, indicated higher glucose tolerance and higher metabolic flexibility to glucose, respectively, and lower fasting glycemia in A/J mice as compared with C57BL/6J mice. Thus, control of whole body glucose metabolism between A/J and C57BL/6J mice represents a phenotypic feature differentiating between the strains right after weaning.

• Klíčová slova
• A/J mice, C57BL/6J mice, Glucose tolerance, Indirect calorimetry, Metabolic flexibility, Weaning,
• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• glukosa * metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• glukózový toleranční test MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obezita genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukosa * MeSH

UVA photons are less energetic than UVB photons but they are more abundant in solar radiation. Modern tools have shown that UVA light has serious adverse effects on the skin. We investigated the effect of consuming Lonicera caerulea berries on UVA-induced damage in SKH-1 mice. The mice were fed a diet containing L. caerulea berries (10%, w/w) for 14 days before a single UVA (30 J/cm(2)) treatment. Effects on haematological and antioxidant parameters were evaluated 4 and 24h after irradiation. The bioavailability of L. caerulea phenolics was also assessed. Consuming the L. caerulea berry-enriched diet caused reduced malondialdehyde production and increased catalase activity and glutathione levels were found in skin and erythrocytes. UVA-induced NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase-1 and gamma-L-glutamate-L-cysteine ligase protein in skin were reduced in mice fed L. caerulea berries. Enhanced heme oxygenase-1 level in skin, interleukin-17 in plasma and reduced interleukin-12 levels in plasma were found in the mice on the experimental diet. Histological (pyknotic) changes in the nuclei of basal cells induced by UVA exposure were reduced in L. caerulea berry consuming animals. HLPC-MS analysis showed high concentrations of hippuric acid, one of the main metabolites of aromatic amino acids and phenolic compounds, in skin, liver, urine and faeces of mice consuming the berries. Taken together, consumption of L. caerulea berries affords protection from the adverse effects of a single UVA exposure mainly via modulation of antioxidant parameters.

• Klíčová slova
• Blue honeysuckle, Erythrocyte, Hairless mice, Liver, Skin, UVA radiation,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• enzymy metabolismus   MeSH
• erytrocyty metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• hippuráty analýza   moč   MeSH
• interleukin-12 krev   MeSH
• interleukin-17 krev   MeSH
• játra chemie   MeSH
• kůže metabolismus   patologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• Lonicera chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• malondialdehyd metabolismus   MeSH
• myši bezsrsté MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ovoce chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• enzymy MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• hippuráty MeSH
• hippuric acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• interleukin-12 MeSH
• interleukin-17 MeSH
• malondialdehyd MeSH

The authors induced experimental hypersplenism in mice with repeated intraperitoneal injections of methylcellulose ("Tylosa", Messrs. Kabl). Detailed haematological tests of the peripheral blood, a cytomorphological examination of bone marrow and spleen from puncture material and histological tests of the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, liver, kidneys and lung tissue of hypersplenic mice were carried out. Among the haematological results, apart from findings of marked erythrocyto-, leucocyto- and thrombocytopenia, attention is drawn to the finding, not previously described in the literature, of lowered osmotic resistance and elevated phagocytic activity of the leucocytes of hypersplenic mice.

• MeSH
• fagocytóza MeSH
• hypersplenismus krev   MeSH
• lymfocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• počet erytrocytů MeSH
• počet leukocytů MeSH
• trombocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A previous study on neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2)-deficient mice has demonstrated that NPFFR2 is involved in the control of energy balance and thermogenesis. Here, we report on the metabolic impact of NPFFR2 deficiency in male and female mice that were fed either a standard diet (STD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) and each experimental group consisted of ten individuals. Both male and female NPFFR2 knockout (KO) mice exhibited severe glucose intolerance that was exacerbated by a HFD diet. In addition, reduced insulin pathway signaling proteins in NPFFR2 KO mice fed a HFD resulted in the development of hypothalamic insulin resistance. HFD feeding did not cause liver steatosis in NPFFR2 KO mice of either sex, but NPFFR2 KO male mice fed a HFD had lower body weights, white adipose tissues, and liver and lower plasma leptin levels compared with their wild-type (WT) controls. Lower liver weight in NPFFR2 KO male mice compensated for HFD-induced metabolic stress by increased liver PPARα and plasma FGF21 hepatokine, which supported fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver and white adipose tissue. Conversely, NPFFR2 deletion in female mice attenuated the expression of Adra3β and Pparγ, which inhibited lipolysis in adipose tissue.

• Klíčová slova
• glucose intolerance, high-fat diet, insulin resistance, knockout mice, neuropeptide FF,
• MeSH
• bílá tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• porucha glukózové tolerance * metabolismus   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukosa MeSH
• neuropeptide FF receptor MeSH Prohlížeč