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The current epidemic of antibiotic-resistant infections urges to develop alternatives to less-effective antibiotics. To assess anti-bacterial potential, a novel coordinate compound (RU-S4) was synthesized using ruthenium-Schiff base-benzimidazole ligand, where ruthenium chloride was used as the central atom. RU-S4 was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectroscopy. Antibacterial effect of RU-S4 was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 8511), vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) (CCM 1767), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ST239: SCCmecIIIA), and hospital isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of RU-S4 was checked by growth curve analysis and the outcome was supported by optical microscopy imaging and fluorescence LIVE/DEAD cell imaging. In vivo (balb/c mice) infection model prepared with VRSA (CCM 1767) and treated with RU-S4. In our experimental conditions, all infected mice were cured. The interaction of coordination compound with bacterial cells were further confirmed by cryo-scanning electron microscope (Cryo-SEM). RU-S4 was completely non-toxic against mammalian cells and in mice and subsequently treated with synthesized RU-S4.
- Klíčová slova
- EDS, SEM, antimicrobial compound, benzimidazole, coordination compound, ruthenium,
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- komplexní sloučeniny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
- ruthenium chemie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- komplexní sloučeniny MeSH
- ruthenium MeSH
Changes of some physiological functions in rats were studied following intoxication with new type of highly toxic organophosphate GV [2-dimethylaminoethyl-(dimethylamido)-fluorophosphate] in doses of 2x and 4x LD50 i.m. The intoxication has begun with increasing motoric activity followed by increased salivation, rumination and bristling. Tachypnoe and fasciculations followed by convulsions and death were observed later. Therapy of intoxication with GV compound (in dose of 2x LD50) in rats demonstrated the best antidotal effect of combination of benactyzine, atropine and HI-6. In GV intoxication in higher doses (4x LD50), therapeutic efficacy (survival of experimental animals) was limited for 24 hours. HI-6 can be therefore considered as potentially universal reactivator for the treatment of nerve agents intoxication.
- MeSH
- antidota terapeutické užití MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory otrava MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny MeSH
- otrava organofosfáty * MeSH
- otrava diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 2-dimethylaminoethyl-(dimethylamido)fluorophosphate MeSH Prohlížeč
- antidota MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny MeSH
Bacteria have developed different intra- and inter-specific communication mechanisms that involve the production, release, and detection of signaling molecules, because these molecules serve as the autoinducers involved in "quorum sensing" systems. Other communication mechanisms employ volatile signaling molecules that regulate different bacterial processes. The Arthrobacter agilis strain UMCV2 is a plant growth promoting actinobacterium, which induces plant growth and inhibits phytopathogenic fungi by emitting the dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHDA). However, little is known about the effect of this volatile compound on A. agilis UMCV2 itself, as well as on other bacteria. By exposing A. agilis UMCV2 and bacteria of the genus Bacillus and Pseudomonas to different concentrations of DMHDA, this study showed the dose-dependent effects of DMHDA on A. agilis UMCV2 growth, cellular viability, swarming motility, and expression of marker genes of the flagellar apparatus of bacteria. DMHDA was found to also modulate swarming motility of Bacillus sp. ZAP018 and P. fluorescens UM270, but not that of P. aeruginosa PA01. These data indicate that DMHDA is involved in both intra- and inter-specific bacterial interaction.
- MeSH
- Arthrobacter účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Bacillus účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- methylaminy farmakologie MeSH
- mikrobiální interakce účinky léků MeSH
- pohyb účinky léků MeSH
- Pseudomonas účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- quorum sensing účinky léků MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hexadecyldimethylamine MeSH Prohlížeč
- methylaminy MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny MeSH
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+RNA) viruses have proven to be important pathogens that are able to threaten and deeply damage modern societies, as illustrated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, compounds active against most or many +RNA viruses are urgently needed. Here, we present PR673, a helquat-like compound that is able to inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and tick-borne encephalitis virus in cell culture. Using in vitro polymerase assays, we demonstrate that PR673 inhibits RNA synthesis by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). Our results illustrate that the development of broad-spectrum non-nucleoside inhibitors of RdRps is feasible.
- Klíčová slova
- Flaviruses, RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase, SARS-CoV-2, antiviral agents, helquat-like compound,
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- RNA-dependentní RNA-polymerasa MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- RNA-dependentní RNA-polymerasa MeSH
Cold-pressed oils are highly valuable sources of unsaturated fatty acids which are prone to oxidation processes, resulting in the formation of lipid oxidation products, which may deteriorate the sensory quality of the produced oil. The aim of the study was to determine the main volatile compounds which differentiate examined oils and could be used as the markers of lipid oxidation in various oils. In the experiment, cold-pressed oils-brown flaxseed, golden flaxseed, hempseed, milk thistle, black cumin, pumpkin, white poppy seed, blue poppy seed, white sesame, black sesame and argan oils from raw and roasted kernels-were analyzed. To induce oxidative changes, an accelerate storage test was performed, and oils were kept at 60 °C for 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days. Volatile compound profiling was performed using SPME-GC-HRToFMS. Additionally, basic measurements such as fatty acid composition, peroxide value, scavenging activity and phenolic compound contents were carried out. Multivariate statistical analyses with volatile compound profiling allow us to differentiate oils in terms of plant variety, oxidation level and seed treatment before pressing. Comparing black cumin cold-pressed oil with other oils, significant differences in volatile compound profiles and scavenging activity were observed. Compounds that may serve as indicators of undergoing oxidation processes in flaxseed, poppy seed, milk thistle and hemp oils were determined.
- Klíčová slova
- GC-HRToFMS, cold-pressed oil, multivariate analysis, volatile compounds,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie MeSH
- oleje rostlin chemie MeSH
- semena rostlinná chemie MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- oleje rostlin MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny MeSH
Conversion factors of 23.6, 39.5 and 17.2 MJ/kg for protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents, respectively, are frequently used in fish studies to calculate the gross energy (GE) content of compound diets. Values predicted according to the above resulted in linear relationships of observed GE values with similar R (2) and mean prediction error (MPE) values when using either nitrogen-free extract (NFE) (R (2) = 0.5713, RMSE = 1.3134, MPE = 0.0741, n = 129, 32 studies) or starch (R (2) = 0.5665, RMSE = 1.6768, MPE = 0.0839, n = 190, 45 studies) as measurements of carbohydrate content. Apparent digestible carbohydrate content (either NFE or starch) was found to be linearly-related (R (2) values of 0.7531 and 0.7460, respectively) to its dietary content in compound fish diets. Predicted apparent digestible protein (ADP), lipid (DL) and carbohydrate contents, together with energy conversion factors, presented R (2) and MPE values of 0.6205 (RMSE = 1.2606) and 0.2051, respectively, between observed and predicted apparent digestible energy (ADE) content with NFE as measurement of carbohydrate content (n = 97, 17 studies, eight fish species). However, with carbohydrates quantified by starch content, an R (2) value of 0.7017 (RMSE = 1.7556) and MPE of 0.1055 were obtained (n = 37, 10 studies, five fish species).
- Klíčová slova
- carbohydrates, compound feeds, energy conversion, fish farming, lipids, prediction, protein,
- MeSH
- dieta veterinární MeSH
- energetický metabolismus * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat * MeSH
- fyziologie metody MeSH
- konverzní poruchy MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- ryby metabolismus MeSH
- vodní hospodářství metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Although impacts of extremely cold temperatures on human health have been widely studied, adverse effects of other extreme weather phenomena have so far received much less attention. We employed a high-quality long-term mortality time series (1982-2017) to evaluate impacts of extreme winter weather in the Czech Republic. We aimed to clarify whether compound events of extreme weather cause larger impacts on mortality than do each type of extreme if evaluated individually. Using daily data from the E-OBS and ERA5 datasets, we analyzed 9 types of extreme events: extreme wind gust, precipitation, snowfall, and sudden temperature and pressure changes. Relative mortality deviations from the adjusted baseline were used to estimate the immediate effect of the selected extreme events on excess mortality. The impact was adjusted for the effect of extreme cold. Extreme events associated with sudden rise of minimum temperature and pressure drops had generally significant impact on excess mortality (3.7% and 1.4% increase). The impacts were even more pronounced if these events occurred simultaneously or were compounded with other types of extremes, such as heavy precipitation, snowfall, maximum temperature rise, and their combinations (increase as great as 14.4%). Effects of some compound events were significant even for combinations of extremes having no significant impact on mortality when evaluated separately. On the other hand, a "protective" effect of pressure increases reduced the risk for its compound events. Meteorological patterns during extreme events linked to excess mortality indicate passage of a low-pressure system northerly from the study domain. We identified extreme winter weather events other than cold temperatures with significant impact on excess mortality. Our results suggest that occurrence of compound extreme events strengthen the impacts on mortality and therefore analysis of multiple meteorological parameters is a useful approach in defining adverse weather conditions.
- Klíčová slova
- Central Europe, Compound event, Extreme winter weather, Mortality, Sudden change,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- nízká teplota * MeSH
- počasí * MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles obtained through co-precipitation and oxidation were coated with heparin (Hep) to yield γ-Fe2O3@Hep, and subsequently with chitosan that was modified with different phenolic compounds, including gallic acid (CS-G), hydroquinone (CS-H), and phloroglucinol (CS-P), to yield γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-G, γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-H, and γ-Fe2O3@Hep-CS-P particles, respectively. Surface modification of the particles was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Magnetic measurements indicated that the polymer coating does not affect the superparamagnetic character of the iron oxide core. However, magnetic saturation decreased with increasing thickness of the polymer coating. The antioxidant properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Cellular uptake and intracellular antioxidant activity of the particles were evaluated by an iron assay and flow cytometry, respectively, using L-929 and LN-229 cells. Compared to the control, the phenolic modification significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels to 35-56%, which was associated with a 6-8-times higher cellular uptake in L-929 cells and a 21-31-times higher cellular uptake in LN-229 cells. In contrast, γ-Fe2O3@Hep particles induced a 3.8-times and 14.9-times higher cellular uptake without inducing antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the high cellular uptake and the antioxidant properties associated with the phenolic moieties in the modified particles allow for a potential application in biomedical areas.
- Klíčová slova
- antioxidants, chitosan, maghemite nanoparticles, oxidative stress, phenolic compound,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
RATIONALE: The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) within exhaled breath potentially offers a non-invasive method for the detection and surveillance of human disease. Oral contamination of exhaled breath may influence the detection of systemic VOCs relevant to human disease. This study aims to assess the impact of oral cleansing strategies on exhaled VOC levels in order to standardise practice for breath sampling. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers consumed a nutrient challenge followed by four oral cleansing methods: (a) water, (b) saltwater, (c) toothbrushing, and (d) alcohol-free mouthwash. Direct breath sampling was performed using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry after each intervention. RESULTS: Proposed reactions suggest that volatile fatty acid and alcohol levels (butanoic, pentanoic acid, ethanol) declined with oral cleansing interventions, predominantly after an initial oral rinse with water. Concentrations of aldehydes and phenols (acetaldehyde, menthone, p-cresol) declined with oral water rinse; however, they increased after toothbrushing and mouthwash use, secondary to flavoured ingredients within these products. No significant reductions were observed with sulphur compounds. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that oral rinsing with water prior to breath sampling may reduce oral contamination of VOC levels, and further interventions for oral decontamination with flavoured products may compromise results. This intervention may serve as a simple and inexpensive method of standardisation within breath research.
- MeSH
- čištění zubů MeSH
- dechové testy metody MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku metody MeSH
- orální hygiena MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza MeSH
- vydechnutí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- těkavé organické sloučeniny MeSH
Because noncentrosymmetric [Sb7S8Br2](AlCl4)3 single crystals possess a wide optical transparency region, it is a promising material for nonlinear optical applications. We have calculated the dispersion of linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities including optical second harmonic generation (SHG) using a relaxed geometry. We find that the fundamental optical absorption edge situated at about 2.03 eV is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Calculations of ε(2)(xx)(ω), ε(2)(yy)(ω), and ε(2)(zz)(ω) tensor components of the frequency-dependent dielectric function are presented. The single crystal possesses a considerable anisotropy of linear optical susceptibilities, which usually favors an enhanced phase matching conditions necessary to observe SHG and optical parametric oscillator (OPO) effects. Our calculations show that, in [Sb7S8Br2](AlCl4)3, |χ123(2)(ω)| is the principal tensor component having the highest value of SHG at zero frequency limit as well as at 1.165 eV (λ = 1064 nm) laser wavelength generation. The microscopic second-order hyperpolarizability, β123, of the dominant SHG component is calculated at the static limit and at λ = 1064 nm.
