This paper deals with a research focused on utilization of microparticle and short-fiber filler based on cotton post-harvest line residues in an area of polymeric composites. Two different fractions of the biological filler (FCR-reinforced cotton filler) of 20 and 100 µm and the filler with short fibers of a length of 700 µm were used in the research. The aim of the research was to evaluate mechanical characteristics of composites and adhesive bonds for the purpose of gaining new pieces of knowledge which will be applicable in the area of material engineering and assessing application possibilities of residues coming into being from agricultural products processing. Mechanical properties of the composite material produced by a vacuum infusion and tested at temperatures 20, 40, and 60 °C and adhesive bonds which were exposed to a low-cyclic loading, i.e., 1000 cycles at 30% to 70% from reference value of the maximum strength, were evaluated. Composite systems with the FCR adjusted in 5% water solution of NaOH showed higher strength values on average compared to untreated FCR. Unsuitable size of the FCR led to a deterioration of the strength. The filler in the form of 700 FCR microfibers showed itself in a positive way to composite materials, and the particle in the form of 20 FCR did the same to adhesive bonds. Results of adhesive bond cyclic tests at higher stress values (70%) demonstrated viscoelastic behavior of the adhesive layer.

• Klíčová slova
• SEM, adhesive bonds, biofiller, chemical treatment, cyclic loading, epoxy resin, mechanical properties,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to important nosocomial pathogens causing mainly hospital-acquired infections. Beta-lactam antibiotics are frequently used in the treatment of infections caused by K. pneumoniae, but by their selection pressure the bacteria become resistant. Excessive use of third-generation cephalosporins is a risk factor for the occurrence and spread of ESBL-producing bacterial strains. The goal of this study was to describe the utilization of third-generation cephalosporins and to analyse their selection pressure on K. pneumoniae in the University Hospital in Olomouc. METHODS: Data on the utilization of antibiotics in the hospital were obtained for the period 1997-2005 from the computerized database and expressed in defined daily doses per 100 bed-days (DBD). The data were processed according to the ATC/DDD system. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical material obtained from hospitalized patients. RESULTS: Consumption of third-generation cephalosporins, which was 1.79 DBD in 1997, decreased to 0.93 in 1999, remained stable until 2002, and then increased to 2.40 DBD in 2005. During the 9-year period analysed, a total of 9564 strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated. The ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae strains frequency increased from 8% to 18%. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing utilization of third-generation cephalosporins was associated with a statistically and clinically significant increased incidence of ESBL-positive K. pneumoniae strains.

• MeSH
• beta-laktamasy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• beta-laktamová rezistence * MeSH
• cefalosporiny aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• databáze faktografické MeSH
• hodnocení spotřeby léčiv MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi rodu Klebsiella farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Klebsiella pneumoniae účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• nemocnice univerzitní MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-laktamasy MeSH
• cefalosporiny MeSH

The rail industry has been significantly affected by the passive safety technology in the last few years. The tram front-end design must fulfill the new requirements for pedestrian passive safety performance in the near future. The requirements are connected with a newly prepared technical guide "Tramway front end design" prepared by Technical Agency for ropeways and Guided Transport Systems. This paper describes research connected with new tram front-end design safe for pedestrians. The brief description of collision scenario and used human-body model "Virthuman" is provided. The numerical simulations (from field of passive safety) are supported by experiments. The interesting part is the numerical model of the tram windshield experimentally validated here. The results of simulations are discussed at the end of paper.

• Klíčová slova
• HIC, crash, pedestrian, tram, windshield model,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Metallic magnesium is a promising high-capacity anode material for energy storage technologies beyond lithium-ion batteries. However, most reported Mg metal anodes are only cyclable under shallow cycling (≤1 mAh cm-2) and thus poor Mg utilization (<3%) conditions, significantly compromising their energy-dense characteristic. Herein, composite Mg metal anodes with high capacity utilization of 75% are achieved by coating magnesiophilic gold nanoparticles on copper foils for the first time. Benefiting from homogeneous ionic flux and uniform deposition morphology, the Mg-plated Au-Cu electrode exhibits high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.16% over 170 h cycling at 75% Mg utilization. Moreover, the full cell based on Mg-plated Au-Cu anode and Mo6S8 cathode achieves superior capacity retention of 80% after 300 cycles at a low negative/positive ratio of 1.33. This work provides a simple yet effective general strategy to enhance Mg utilization and reversibility, which can be extended to other metal anodes as well.

• Klíčová slova
• High reversibility, High utilization, Magnesiophilic coating, Magnesium batteries, Magnesium metal anodes,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the commonest diseases of the oral mucosa. The etiology of the disease is unknown. Our goal was to determine frequencies of functionally important alleles which determine the metabolic rate (phenotype) of individuals with OLP and to compare drug utilization, with focus on CYP2D6, with that of a control group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 46 patients with OLP, 60 sex- and age-matched control subjects for drug utilization evaluation and 223 healthy non-medicated controls for genotype comparison. DNA analysis was done using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The gene CYP2D6 was analyzed for the alleles CYP2D6*3,*4,*5,*6 and gene duplication. Drug utilization was evaluated according to Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code, liver drug metabolism pathway and mono- or polytherapy. RESULTS: Intake of drugs was significantly higher in the group of OLP patients in comparison with control subjects. The use of CYP2D6 substrates, inhibitors or inducers did not differ between OLP patients and controls. Predicted phenotype frequencies in OLP patients and healthy controls, respectively were as follows: ultrarapid metabolizers 2% and 5.8%, extensive metabolizers 52% and 49.8%, intermediate metabolizers 39% and 37.7% and poor metabolizers 7% and 6.7%. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find a statistically significant difference in the frequency of CYP2D6 alleles between OLP patients and healthy controls. OLP patients used more medication than age- and sex-matched controls.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP2D6 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• duplikace genu MeSH
• játra enzymologie   MeSH
• lichen planus orální enzymologie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• polymorfismus délky restrikčních fragmentů MeSH
• polypharmacy MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spotřeba léčiv MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytochrom P-450 CYP2D6 MeSH

Liquid crystals can partake in enantioseparations in several different ways. Enantiomeric purity of chiral liquid crystals as analytes is often determined using enantioselective liquid or supercritical fluid chromatography. At the same time, chiral liquid crystalline materials can be applied as a chiral selector or they can function as an auxiliary material for a different chiral selector enabling enantioseparation of various solutes in miscellaneous separation techniques. They can also be used in fabrication of matrices or surfaces sensitive towards enantiomers or employed as chiral solvents for visualizing enantiomers in NMR. In this review, all of these aspects of relationship between liquid crystals and enantiodiscrimination are discussed in an effort to encompass their versatility and with emphasis on enantioseparations.

• Klíčová slova
• Chirality, Enantiodiscrimination, Enantiomeric purity, Enantiomers, Enantioseparation, liquid crystals,
• MeSH
• kapalné krystaly * chemie   MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• rozpouštědla chemie   MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• superkritická fluidní chromatografie * metody   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• rozpouštědla MeSH

Utilization of CoO@Co3O4-x-Ag (x denotes 1, 3, and 5 wt% of Ag) nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes is the main aim of this study. A new low-temperature wet chemical approach is proposed to modify the commercial cobalt oxide material with silver nanoparticle (NP) balls of size 1-5 nm. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements. Hydrogels known to be soft but stable structures were used here as perfect carriers for conductive nanoparticles such as carbons. Furthermore, hydrogels with a large amount of water in their network can give more flexibility to the system. Fabrication of an electrochemical cell can be achieved by combining these materials with a layer-by-layer structure. The performance characteristics of the cells were examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD). Cobalt oxide modified with 5 wt% Ag gave the best supercapacitor results, and the cell offers a specific capacitance of ∼38 mF cm-2 in two-electrode configurations.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Albeit the preparation of liquisolid systems represents an innovative approach to enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, their broader utilization is still limited mainly due to the problematic conversion of the liquid into freely flowing and readily compressible powder. Accordingly, the presented study aims to determine the optimal carrier/coating material ratio (R value) for formulations based on magnesium aluminometasilicate (NUS2) loaded with polyethylene glycol 400. Four commercially available colloidal silica were used as coating materials in nine different R values (range of 5 - 100). The obtained results suggested that the higher R value leads to the superior properties of powder mixtures, such as better flowability, as well as compacts with higher tensile strength and lower friability. Moreover, it was observed that the type of coating material impacts the properties of liquisolid systems due to the different arrangement of particles in the liquisolid mixture. To confirm the noted dependency of R value and coating material type, the one- and two-way ANOVA, linear regression and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques were performed. In addition, a comparison of results with the properties of loaded NUS2 itself revealed that LSS with sufficient properties may be prepared even without the coating material.

• Klíčová slova
• Carrier/coating material ratio, Colloidal silica, Liquisolid systems, Mesoporous silica, Neusilin® US2,
• MeSH
• hořčík * MeSH
• oxid křemičitý * MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH
• příprava léků MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• tablety MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hořčík * MeSH
• oxid křemičitý * MeSH
• prášky, zásypy, pudry MeSH
• tablety MeSH

Infertility is a relevant late-effect following cancer treatment; yet, a large proportion of survivors cannot recall having been informed of this risk. In an intervention study, we examined if and how supportive patient information material on fertility/fertility-preserving measures influences utilization of cryopreservation in adolescent cancer patients. The control group, recruited 03/2014-01/2016, received the usual patient education at initial diagnosis. The intervention group, recruited 04/2016-10/2017, received patient education supported by a fertility flyer and brochure. Patients and parents were each asked questions on utilization of cryopreservation in a questionnaire 3 and 6 months after initial diagnosis. Patient core and therapy data were obtained from medical records. Overall, cryopreservation rates showed no significant difference between the control (32.7%, n = 37/113) and intervention group (36.6%, n = 37/101). In the control group, cryopreservation was associated with gender (OR 0.100, CI 0.023-0.427), age (OR 1.559, CI 1.077-2.258) and recalling information on fertility protection (OR 33.663, CI 2.100-539.574); in the intervention group, cryopreservation was related to gender (OR 0.093, CI 0.026-0.330) and the estimated infertility risk (OR 43.665, CI 2.157-883.974).Conclusion: Cryopreservation rates did not overall increase following the intervention; however, the individual risk seemed to be brought into attention more: Those at risk, including younger patients, cryopreserved at higher rates.What is Known:•Infertility is a relevant late-effect following adolescent cancer.•Guidelines recommend to offer fertility protection before cancer treatment.•A relevant proportion of adolescents with cancer are not aware of this risk.•Fertility protection seems under-used in cancer patients at risk for infertility.What is New:•Information material on fertility and protection in adolescents did not increase overall rates of cryopreservation.•Cryopreservation rates were improved according to individual risk for infertility.•Our flyers and brochures on fertility in cancer patients are available in various languages.

• Klíčová slova
• Childhood and adolescent cancer, Cryopreservation, Fertility impairment, Fertility protection, Patient education, Patient empowerment,
• MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• kryoprezervace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nádory psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma metody   MeSH
• zachování plodnosti * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zárodečné buňky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

The purpose of the paper is to achieve a constrained estimation of process state variables using the anisochronic state observer tuned by the dominant root locus technique. The anisochronic state observer is based on the state-space time delay model of the process. Moreover the process model is identified not only as delayed but also as non-linear. This model is developed to describe a material flow process. The root locus technique combined with the magnitude optimum method is utilized to investigate the estimation process. Resulting dominant roots location serves as a measure of estimation process performance. The higher the dominant (natural) frequency in the leftmost position of the complex plane the more enhanced performance with good robustness is achieved. Also the model based observer control methodology for material flow processes is provided by means of the separation principle. For demonstration purposes, the computer-based anisochronic state observer is applied to the strip temperatures estimation in the hot strip finishing mill composed of seven stands. This application was the original motivation to the presented research.

• Klíčová slova
• Constrained estimation, Dominant root locus, Hot strip mill, Material flow, Model-based observer,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH