The goal of this work was to elucidate similarities between microorganisms from the perspective of the humoral immune system reactivity in professional athletes. The reactivity of serum IgG of 14 young, individuals was analyzed to 23 selected microorganisms as antigens by use of the in house ELISA. Serum IgM and IgA reactivity was also analyzed and a control group of sex and age matched individuals was used for comparison. The obtained absorbance levels were used as a string of values to correlate the reactivity to different microorganisms. IgM was found to be the most cross reactive antibody class, Pearson's r = 0.7-0.92, for very distant bacterial species such as Lactobacillus and E. coli.High correlation in IgG levels was found for Gammaproteobacteria and LPS (from E. coli) (r = 0.77 for LPS vs. P. aeruginosa to r = 0.98 for LPS vs. E.coli), whereas this correlation was lower in the control group (r = 0.49 for LPS vs. P. aeruginosa to r = 0.66 for LPS vs. E.coli). The correlation was also analyzed between total IgG and IgG subclasses specific for the same microorganism, and IgG2 was identified as the main subclass recognising different microorganisms, as well as recognising LPS. Upon correlation of IgG with IgA for the same microorganism absence of or negative correlation was found between bacteria-specific IgA and IgG in case of Lactobacillus and Staphylococcusgeni, whereas correlation was absent or positive for Candida albicans, Enterococcusfaecalis,Streptococcus species tested in professional athletes. Opposite results were obtained for the control group. Outlined here is a simple experimental procedure and data analysis which yields functional significance and which can be used for determining the similarities between microorganisms from the aspect of the humoral immune system, for determining the main IgG subclass involved in an immune response as well as for the analysis of different target populations.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• humorální imunita MeSH
• imunoglobulin A krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• imunoglobulin M krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• specificita protilátek * MeSH
• sportovci * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• imunoglobulin M MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

Spirochetal microorganisms were isolated from female Ixodes ricinus in Slovakia. Morphological, immunochemical and molecular biological analysis showed that the microorganism shared several common antigens with Borrelia species while other genetic traits were distinct and not related to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Lyme disease patient's serum contained antibodies reacting with antigens of this microorganism. On the one hand the cross-reacting antigens represent a risk of false positive results in laboratory diagnostics, while on the other hand they have a certain potential for vaccine development against Lyme disease.

• MeSH
• antigeny bakteriální imunologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny analýza   MeSH
• DNA bakterií analýza   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• klíště mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymeská nemoc imunologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální imunologie   MeSH
• Spirochaetales genetika   imunologie   izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• zkřížené reakce imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny bakteriální MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Smart management in crop cultivation is increasingly supported by application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), which sustain soil fertility and plant performance. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effects of consortia composed of (Claroideoglomus claroideum BEG96, Claroideoglomus etunicatum BEG92, Funneliformis geosporum BEG199, Funneliformis mosseae BEG 95, and Rhizophagus irregularis BEG140) and PGPM (Azospirillum brasilense - AZ, or Saccharothrix sp. - S) on onion cultivated in growing media with a composition corresponding to a degraded soil. METHODS: Three types of substrate formulations were used, with peat:sand ratios of 50:50, 70:30, 100:0 (v:v). The analysis of substrate parameters crucial for its fertility (pH, salinity, sorption complex capacity, and elements' content) and characteristics reflecting onion seedlings' performance (fresh weight, stress biomarkers, and elements' content) was performed. RESULTS: AMF colonized onion roots in all treatments, showing increasing potential to form intercellular structures in the substrates rich in organic matter. Additionally, co-inoculation with PGPM microorganisms accelerated arbuscular mycorrhiza establishment. Increased antioxidant activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX) activity of onion roots sampled from the formulations composed of peat and sand in the ratio of 100:0, inoculated with AMF+S, and positive correlation between GPOX, fresh weight and antioxidant activity of onion roots reflected the successful induction of plant acclimatization response. Total phenols content was the highest in roots and leaves of onion grown in substrates with 70:30 peat:sand ratio, and, in the case of roots, it was correlated with AMF colonization parameters but not with antioxidant activity. DISCUSSION: AMF and PGPM efficiency in supporting onion growth should be linked to the increased onion root system capacity in mineral salts absorption, resulting in more efficient aboveground biomass production. AMF and PGPM consortia were effective in releasing minerals to soluble fraction in substrates rich in organic matter, making elements available for uptake by onion root system, though this phenomenon depended on the PGPM species. Microorganism consortia enhanced onion seedlings' performance also in substrates with lower content of organic carbon through plant biofertilization and phytostimulation.

• Klíčová slova
• Allium cepa L., Azospirillum brasilense, degraded soil, mycorrhiza, stress biomarkers,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

During the second half of the last century a large amount of substances toxic for higher organisms was released to the environment. Physicochemical methods of pollutant removal are difficult and prohibitively expensive. Using biological systems such as microorganisms, plants, or consortia microorganisms-plants is easier, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterize and identify microorganisms from contaminated soil and to find out the effect of plants on microbial diversity in the environment. Microorganisms were isolated by two approaches with the aim to find all cultivable species and those able to utilise biphenyl as a sole source of carbon and energy. The first approach was direct extraction and the second was isolation of bacteria after enrichment cultivation with biphenyl. Isolates were biochemically characterized by NEFERMtest 24 and then the composition of ribosomal proteins in bacterial cells was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Ribosomal proteins can be used as phylogenetic markers and thus MALDI-TOF MS can be exploited also for taxonomic identification because the constitution of ribosomal proteins in bacterial cells is specific for each bacterial species. Identification of microorganisms using this method is performed with the help of database Bruker Daltonics MALDI BioTyper. Isolated bacteria were analyzed from the point of the bphA gene presence. Bacteria with detected bphA gene were then taxonomically identified by 16S rRNA sequence. The ability of two different plant species, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and nightshade (Solanum nigrum), to accumulate PCBs was studied as well. It was determined that various plant species differ in the PCBs accumulation from the contaminated soil. Also the content of PCBs in various plant tissues was compared. PCBs were detected in roots and aboveground biomass including leaves and berries.

• MeSH
• Bacteria cytologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální geny genetika   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální interakce * MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly metabolismus   MeSH
• ribozomální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Solanum metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• tabák metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
• ribozomální proteiny MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Cadmium (Cd) is one the leading environmental contaminants. The Cd toxicity and its potential stabilization strategies have been investigated in the recent years. However, the combined effects of biochar and microorganisms on the adsorption of Cd and maize plant physiology, still remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of biochar (BC) pyrolyzed from (maize-straw, cow-manure, and poultry-manure, and microorganisms [Trichoderma harzianum (fungus) and Bacillus subtilis (bacteria)], on plant nutrient uptake under various Cd-stress levels (0, 10, and 30 ppm). The highest level of Cd stress (30 ppm) caused the highest reduction in maize plant biomass, intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate as compared to control Cd0 (0 ppm). The sole application of BC and microorganisms significantly improved plant growth, intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis rate and caused a significant reduction in root and shoot Cd. However, the co-application of BC and microorganisms was more effective than the sole applications. In this regard, the highest improvement in plant growth and carbon assimilation, and highest reduction in root and shoot Cd was recorded from co-application of cow-manure and combined inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum (fungus) + Bacillus subtilis (bacteria) under Cd stress. However, due to the aging factor and biochar leaching alkalinity, the effectiveness of biochar in removing Cd may diminish over time, necessitating long-term experiments to improve understanding of biochar and microbial efficiency for specific bioremediation aims.

• Klíčová slova
• biochar, cadmium toxicity, crop growth, plant physiology, soil pollution,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

It appears that most glycoproteins found in pathogenic bacteria are associated with virulence. Despite the recent identification of novel virulence factors, the mechanisms of virulence in Francisella tularensis are poorly understood. In spite of its importance, questions about glycosylation of proteins in this bacterium and its potential connection with bacterial virulence have not been answered yet. In the present study, several putative Francisella tularensis glycoproteins were characterized through the combination of carbohydrate-specific detection and lectin affinity with highly sensitive mass spectrometry utilizing the bottom-up proteomic approach. The protein PilA that was recently found as being possibly glycosylated, as well as other proteins with designation as novel factors of virulence, were among the proteins identified in this study. The reported data compile the list of potential glycoproteins that may serve as a takeoff platform for a further definition of proteins modified by glycans, faciliting a better understanding of the function of protein glycosylation in pathogenicity of Francisella tularensis.

• MeSH
• 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• chromatografie afinitní MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva MeSH
• Francisella tularensis chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• glykoproteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• polysacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• proteom chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• fluorescenční barviva MeSH
• glykoproteiny MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• proteom MeSH

Samples of aerosol from the surrounding air were collected by forcing them to impact onto a solid nutrient medium, onto membrane filters, or onto microscope slides on microcover slips. The samples were cultivated or viewed in a fluorescence microscope by using a technique developed by us, or investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The amounts of microorganisms found by cultivation method, i.e. those forming microcolonies (CFU), were on average 85% lower than the amounts determined by the fluorescence technique. Cultivation of microorganisms trapped on Synpor filters of various pore size resulted in lower counts than conventional cultivation. Among bacteria, the genera Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium predominated; the genera Neisseria, Actinomyces, Pseudomonas and others were also found. Of micromycetes, the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium occurred most frequently in air. In the summer season, yeasts and other micromycetes prevailed, whereas in the winter season the bacteria counts were higher. The total counts of all components of the aeroplankton were higher in summer than in winter. Dust particles bounded mainly bacteria.

• MeSH
• aerosoly MeSH
• Bacteria růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
• houby genetika   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikrobiologie vzduchu * MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií metody   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aerosoly MeSH

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase was isolated from thermophilic hydrogen-oxidizing Bacillus schlegelii. Molecular mass of the native enzyme is 560,000 and optimal reaction temperature is 70 degrees C. Km value for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate is 0.27 mM. The carboxylase activity of the enzyme is dependent on Mg2+ with the optimum at 10 mM. The enzyme is an oligomer of L8S8 type with Mr of large subunits and small subunits of 56,000 and 14,000, respectively. Negatively stained enzyme has regular polygonal shape in top view, 12 nm in diameter, with central electron dense patch.

• MeSH
• Bacillus enzymologie   MeSH
• centrifugace - gradient hustoty MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• indikátory a reagencie MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• konformace proteinů MeSH
• makromolekulární látky MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• ribulosa-1,5-bisfosfát-karboxylasa izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• stabilita enzymů MeSH
• termodynamika MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• indikátory a reagencie MeSH
• makromolekulární látky MeSH
• ribulosa-1,5-bisfosfát-karboxylasa MeSH

The worldwide spread of pathogenic microorganisms poses a significant risk to human health. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as dependable analytical tools for the point-of-care detection of pathogens and can effectively compensate for the limitations of conventional techniques. Real-time analysis, high throughput, portability, and rapidity make them pioneering tools for on-site detection of pathogens. Herein, this work comprehensively reviews the recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection, focusing on those based on the classification of recognition elements, and summarizes their principles, current challenges, and prospects. This review was conducted by a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant literature and construct a basic framework. A total of 171 publications were included after online screening and data extraction to obtain information of the research advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection. According to the findings, the research of electrochemical biosensors in pathogen detection has been increasing yearly in the past 3 years, which has a broad development prospect, but most of the biosensors have performance or economic limitations and are still in the primary stage. Therefore, significant research and funding are required to fuel the rapid development of electrochemical biosensors. The overview comprehensively evaluates the recent advances in different types of electrochemical biosensors utilized in pathogen detection, with a view to providing insights into future research directions in biosensors.

• Klíčová slova
• Biosensor, Detection, Electrochemical, Pathogenic microorganism, Recognition element,
• MeSH
• Bacteria * izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * metody   MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky * metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vyšetření u lůžka MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The tube-within-tube body plan of earthworms is appropriate for studying the interactions of microorganisms with the immune system of body cavities such as the digestive tract and coelom. This study aims to describe the immune response on the molecular and cellular level in the coelomic cavity and the gut of the earthworm Eisenia andrei after experimental microbial challenge by administering two bacterial strains (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) or yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the environment. The changes in mRNA levels of defense molecules (pattern recognition receptor CCF, lysozyme, fetidin/lysenins) in the coelomocytes and gut tissue were determined by quantitative PCR. The immune response at a cellular level was captured in histological sections, and the expression of CCF was localized using in situ hybridization. Coelomocytes respond to the presence of bacteria in the coelomic cavity by increasing the mRNA levels of defense molecules, especially CCF. The immune response in gut tissue is less affected by microbial stimulation because the epithelial cells of gut exhibit basically strong mRNA synthesis of ccf as a defense against the continuous microbial load in the gut lumen. The cellular immune response is mediated by coelomocytes released from the mesenchymal lining of the coelomic cavity. These combined immune mechanisms are necessary for the survival of earthworms in the microbially rich environment of soil.

• Klíčová slova
• CCF, Coelomocyte, Earthworm, Microorganism, Mucosal immunity,
• MeSH
• Bacillus subtilis imunologie   MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• Escherichia coli imunologie   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce imunologie   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce imunologie   MeSH
• lektiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mezoderm imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• mykózy imunologie   MeSH
• Oligochaeta imunologie   MeSH
• receptory rozpoznávající vzory genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Saccharomyces imunologie   MeSH
• slizniční imunita MeSH
• střevní sliznice imunologie   mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• coelomic cytolytic factor 1, Eisenia fetida MeSH Prohlížeč
• lektiny MeSH
• receptory rozpoznávající vzory MeSH