Titanium is commonly and successfully used in dental and orthopedic implants. However, patients still have to face the risk of implant failure due to various reasons, such as implant loosening or infection. The risk of implant loosening can be countered by optimizing the osteointegration capacity of implant materials. Implant surface modifications for structuring, roughening and biological activation in favor for osteogenic differentiation have been vastly studied. A key factor for a successful stable long-term integration is the initial cellular response to the implant material. Hence, cell-material interactions, which are dependent on the surface parameters, need to be considered in the implant design. Therefore, this review starts with an introduction to the basics of cell-material interactions as well as common surface modification techniques. Afterwards, recent research on the impact of osteogenic processes in vitro and vivo provoked by various surface modifications is reviewed and discussed, in order to give an update on currently applied and developing implant modification techniques for enhancing osteointegration.

• Klíčová slova
• bone‐implant‐interface, in vivo and in vitro, osteogenic differentiation, osteointegration, surface modifications, titanium implants,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

AIM: In this study, we analysed the post-translational modification of receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor (Ror1). Ror1 is highly upregulated in B cells of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Molecularly, Ror1 acts as the Wnt receptor in the non-canonical Wnt pathway. METHODS: The level of Ror1 glycosylation in HEK293 cells and in primary human CLL cells was analysed by treatment of inhibitors interfering with different steps of glycosylation process and by direct treatment of cell lysates with N-glycosidase. Ror1 ubiquitination was determined by ubiquitination assay. Functional consequences of post-translational modifications were analysed by immunohistochemistry and by analysis of cell surface proteins. Differences in Ror1 glycosylation were confirmed by analysis of 14 samples of B cells from CLL patients. RESULTS: We demonstrate that Ror1 is extensively modified by N-linked glycosylation. Glycosylation produces several variants of Ror1 with electrophoretic migration of approx. 100, 115 and 130 kDa. Inhibition of glycosylation interferes with cell surface localization of the 130-kDa variant of Ror1 and prevents Ror1-induced formation of filopodia. Moreover, we show that 130-kDa Ror1 is mono-ubiquitinated. Furthermore, individual CLL patients show striking differences in the electrophoretic migration of Ror1, which correspond to the level of glycosylation. CONCLUSION: Our data show that Ror1 undergoes complex post-translational modifications by glycosylation and mono-ubiquitination. These modifications regulate Ror1 localization and signalling, and are highly variable among individual CLL patients. These may suggest that Ror1 signals only in a subset of CLL patients despite Ror1 levels are ubiquitously high in all CLL patients.

• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• CHO buňky MeSH
• chronická lymfatická leukemie metabolismus   MeSH
• Cricetulus MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• křečci praví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů * účinky léků   MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• pseudopodia metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce * účinky léků   MeSH
• sirotčí receptory podobné receptoru tyrosinkinasy chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• transfekce MeSH
• transport proteinů MeSH
• ubikvitinace MeSH
• western blotting MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• křečci praví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ROR1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• sirotčí receptory podobné receptoru tyrosinkinasy MeSH

The detailed examination of enzyme molecules by mass spectrometry and other techniques continues to identify hundreds of distinct PTMs. Recently, global analyses of enzymes using methods of contemporary proteomics revealed widespread distribution of PTMs on many key enzymes distributed in all cellular compartments. Critically, patterns of multiple enzymatic and nonenzymatic PTMs within a single enzyme are now functionally evaluated providing a holistic picture of a macromolecule interacting with low molecular mass compounds, some of them being substrates, enzyme regulators, or activated precursors for enzymatic and nonenzymatic PTMs. Multiple PTMs within a single enzyme molecule and their mutual interplays are critical for the regulation of catalytic activity. Full understanding of this regulation will require detailed structural investigation of enzymes, their structural analogs, and their complexes. Further, proteomics is now integrated with molecular genetics, transcriptomics, and other areas leading to systems biology strategies. These allow the functional interrogation of complex enzymatic networks in their natural environment. In the future, one might envisage the use of robust high throughput analytical techniques that will be able to detect multiple PTMs on a global scale of individual proteomes from a number of carefully selected cells and cellular compartments. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.

• Klíčová slova
• ABRF, AGE, ALE, AML, APC/C, Association for Biomolecular Resource Facilities, CCT, CDK, CHO, COS-1, CSC, CV-1 in Origin carrying SV40 genetic material (cell line), Catalytic activity, Cellular localization, Chinese hamster ovary, EC, ECD, EGF, ER-associated protein degradation, ERAD, Enzyme, GFP, HECT, HEK, IP3, MDM, MMP, MRM, Posttranslational modification, RAGE, RING, RNS, S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, SAH, SAM, SIL, Stability, Structure, TAS, TCP-1, acute myeloid leukemia, advanced glycosylation endproduct, advanced lipooxidation endproduct, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, cell surface capture technology, chaperone containing TCP-1, cyclin-dependent kinase, electron capture dissociation, enzyme commission of IUPAC, epidermal growth factor, green fluorescent protein, homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus, human embryonic kidney, inositoltrisphosphate, matrix metalloproteinase, multiple reaction monitoring, murine double minute, reactive nitrogen species, really interesting new gene, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products, stable isotope labeling, tagging via substrate approach, tailless complex polypeptide-1,
• MeSH
• enzymy * MeSH
• katalýza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů * MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• enzymy * MeSH

The surfaces of electrospun polystyrene (PS) nanofiber materials with encapsulated 1% w/w 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) photosensitizer were modified through sulfonation, radio frequency (RF) oxygen plasma treatment, and polydopamine coating. The nanofiber materials exhibited efficient photogeneration of singlet oxygen. The postprocessing modifications strongly increased the wettability of the pristine hydrophobic PS nanofibers without causing damage to the nanofibers, leakage of the photosensitizer, or any substantial change in the oxygen permeability of the inner bulk of the polymer nanofiber. The increase in the surface wettability yielded a significant increase in the photo-oxidation of external polar substrates and in the antibacterial activity of the nanofibers in aqueous surroundings. The results reveal the crucial role played by surface hydrophilicity/wettability in achieving the efficient photo-oxidation of a chemical substrate/biological target at the surface of a material generating O2((1)Δg) with a short diffusion length.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• difuze účinky léků   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce * MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• oxidace-redukce účinky léků   MeSH
• permeabilita účinky léků   MeSH
• počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
• polystyreny chemie   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
• singletový kyslík farmakologie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• spektroskopie infračervená s Fourierovou transformací MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• polystyreny MeSH
• singletový kyslík MeSH

The pigment 6,6'-dibromoindigo (Tyrian purple) shows strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the film formation is, therefore, expected to be influenced by the polar character of the substrate surface. Thin films of Tyrian purple were prepared by physical vapor deposition on a variety of substrates with different surface energies: from highly polar silicon dioxide surfaces to hydrophobic polymer surfaces. The crystallographic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques such as X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. In all cases, crystallites with "standing" molecules relative to the substrate surface were observed independently of the substrate surface energy. In the case of polymer surfaces, additional crystallites are formed containing "lying" molecules with their aromatic planes parallel to the substrate surface. Small differences in the crystallographic lattice constants were observed as a function of substrate surface energy, the corresponding small changes in the molecular packing are explained by a variation of the hydrogen bond geometries. This work reveals that despite the limited influence of the surface energy on the molecular orientation, the crystalline packing of Tyrian purple within thin films is altered and slightly different structures form.

• Klíčová slova
• A1. X-ray diffraction, A1. polymorphism, A3. organic thin films, B1. hydrogen-bonded pigments,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

While polymers are widely utilized materials in the biomedical industry, they are rarely used in an unmodified state. Some kind of a surface treatment is often necessary to achieve properties suitable for specific applications. There are multiple methods of surface treatment, each with their own pros and cons, such as plasma and laser treatment, UV lamp modification, etching, grafting, metallization, ion sputtering and others. An appropriate treatment can change the physico-chemical properties of the surface of a polymer in a way that makes it attractive for a variety of biological compounds, or, on the contrary, makes the polymer exhibit antibacterial or cytotoxic properties, thus making the polymer usable in a variety of biomedical applications. This review examines four popular methods of polymer surface modification: laser treatment, ion implantation, plasma treatment and nanoparticle grafting. Surface treatment-induced changes of the physico-chemical properties, morphology, chemical composition and biocompatibility of a variety of polymer substrates are studied. Relevant biological methods are used to determine the influence of various surface treatments and grafting processes on the biocompatibility of the new surfaces-mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation is studied as well as other potential applications of the surface-treated polymer substrates in the biomedical industry.

• Klíčová slova
• antimicrobial properties, laser treatment, nanoparticles, nanoscale design, plasma exposure, surface modification, tissue engineering,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The influence of sample preparation on the identification of a lipid PTM was examined. Nonspecific lipid transfer protein 1 (LTP1) from barley is modified with a lipid-like molecule of mass of 294 Da. This modification was detected in the MS analysis of intact protein samples but no lipid-bound peptide was observed in the MS analysis of the in-gel digested LTP1 after an SDS-PAGE separation of the protein mixture. By using SEC instead of SDS-PAGE, the lipid-modified peptide was observed after in-solution enzymatic digestion of the SEC fraction containing LTP1. Conditions of individual steps of the gel-electrophoresis-based protocol were tested to find their effect on the removal of the lipid PTM from LTP1. The influences of particular solutions used in the gel-electrophoresis-based protocol on the hydrolysis of lipids were investigated. It was found that denaturing conditions, in combination with alkaline pH, have a major influence on the hydrolysis of the ester bond. Especially, the electrophoretic buffer has a strong influence on the hydrolysis of the lipid PTM (in the intact molecule) of LTP1.

• MeSH
• 2D gelová elektroforéza * MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• estery chemie   MeSH
• hydrolýza MeSH
• ječmen (rod) chemie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• lipidy chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lipoproteiny chemie   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů * MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny chemie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• estery MeSH
• lipidy MeSH
• lipoproteiny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH

Gold nanozymes (GNZs) have been widely used in biosensing and bioassay due to their interesting catalytic activities that enable the substitution of natural enzyme. This review explains different catalytic activities of GNZs that can be achieved by applying different modifications to their surface. The role of Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in mimicking oxidoreductase, helicase, phosphatase were introduced. Moreover, the effect of surface properties and modifications on each catalytic activity was thoroughly discussed. The application of GNZs in biosensing and bioassay was classified in five categories based on the combination of the enzyme like activities and enhancing/inhibition of the catalytic activities in presence of the target analyte/s that is realized by proper surface modification engineering. These categories include catalytic activity enhancer, reversible catalytic activity inhibitor, binding selectivity enhancer, agglomeration base, and multienzyme like activity, which are explained and exemplified in this review. It also gives examples of those modifications that enable the application of GNZs for in vivo biosensing and bioassays.

• Klíčová slova
• Biosensing and bioassay, Catalytic activity, Gold nanozyme, Surface modification,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Here, we propose a plasmon-induced redistribution of a thin polymer layer as a unique way for a residual layer-free lithographic approach. In particular, we demonstrate an ultrafast area-selective fabrication method using a low-intensity visible laser irradiation to direct the polymer mass flow, under the plasmon-active substrates. Plasmon-supported substrates were created by thermal annealing of Ag thin films and covered by thin polystyrene layers. Then, laser beam writing (LBW) was applied to introduce a surface tension gradient through the local plasmon heating. As a result, polystyrene was completely removed from the irradiated place, without any residual layer. The proposed approach does not require any additional development steps, such as solvent or plasma treatment. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique, we implemented the LBW-patterned structures for further spatially selective surface functionalization, including the metal deposition, spontaneous thiol grafting, and electrochemical deposition of ordered polypyrrole array.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The resistance of Streptococcus bovis strain II/1, the producer of SbvI restriction endonuclease, to F4 phage infection was demonstrated by the double-agar-layer method. Despite the presence of restriction endonuclease SbvI which can cleave F4 phage DNA to numerous fragments in vitro, the evidence that adsorption inhibition is the most important defence mechanism in phage resistance of S. bovis II/1 strain was obtained by adhesion experiments in vivo. Electron microscopy of phage-host mixtures showed many phage particles on the bacterial surface of phage-sensitive S. bovis 47/3 control strain in comparison with no phage particles seen on S. bovis II/1 (phage-resistant) strain surface.

• MeSH
• DNA restrikčně-modifikační enzymy * MeSH
• DNA virů izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fágy streptokoků růst a vývoj   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Streptococcus bovis ultrastruktura   virologie   MeSH
• virové receptory * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA restrikčně-modifikační enzymy * MeSH
• DNA virů MeSH
• virové receptory * MeSH