Mitochondria are the site of assembly of FeS centers of mitochondrial and cytosolic FeS proteins. Various microaerophilic or anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes lack typical mitochondria ("amitochondriate" protists). In some of these organisms, a metabolically different organelle, the hydrogenosome, is found, which is thought to derive from the same proteobacterial ancestor as mitochondria. Here, we show that hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis, a human genitourinary parasite, contain a key enzyme of FeS center biosynthesis, cysteine desulfurase (TviscS-2), which is phylogenetically related to its mitochondrial homologs. Hydrogenosomes catalyze the enzymatic assembly and insertion of FeS centers into apoproteins, as shown by the reconstruction of the apoform of [2Fe-2S]ferredoxin and the incorporation of 35S from labeled cysteine. Our results indicate that the biosynthesis of FeS proteins is performed by a homologous system in mitochondriate and amitochondriate eukaryotes and that this process is inherited from the proteobacterial ancestor of mitochondria.

Department of Parasitology Faculty of Science Charles University Vinicna 7 128 44 Prague 2 Czech Republic

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A mitochondrion-free eukaryote contains proteins capable of import into an exogenous mitochondrion-related organelle

The iron-sulfur scaffold protein HCF101 unveils the complexity of organellar evolution in SAR, Haptista and Cryptista

Fe-S Cluster Assembly in Oxymonads and Related Protists

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Arginine deiminase pathway enzymes: evolutionary history in metamonads and other eukaryotes

N-Terminal Presequence-Independent Import of Phosphofructokinase into Hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis

Novel functions of an iron-sulfur flavoprotein from Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes

Mitochondrial and nucleolar localization of cysteine desulfurase Nfs and the scaffold protein Isu in Trypanosoma brucei

Iron-induced changes in the proteome of Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes

NIF-type iron-sulfur cluster assembly system is duplicated and distributed in the mitochondria and cytosol of Mastigamoeba balamuthi

Divergence of Erv1-associated mitochondrial import and export pathways in trypanosomes and anaerobic protists

Transcriptomic identification of iron-regulated and iron-independent gene copies within the heavily duplicated Trichomonas vaginalis genome

Histone H3 Variants in Trichomonas vaginalis

The core components of organelle biogenesis and membrane transport in the hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis

Flavodiiron protein from Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes: the terminal oxygen reductase

Frataxin, a conserved mitochondrial protein, in the hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis

Alternative pathway of metronidazole activation in Trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomes

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