Most photosynthetic eukaryotes synthesize both heme and chlorophyll via a common tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway starting from glutamate. This pathway was derived mainly from cyanobacterial predecessor of the plastid and differs from the heme synthesis of the plastid-lacking eukaryotes. Here, we show that the coral-associated alveolate Chromera velia, the closest known photosynthetic relative to Apicomplexa, possesses a tetrapyrrole pathway that is homologous to the unusual pathway of apicomplexan parasites. We also demonstrate that, unlike other eukaryotic phototrophs, Chromera synthesizes chlorophyll from glycine and succinyl-CoA rather than glutamate. Our data shed light on the evolution of the heme biosynthesis in parasitic Apicomplexa and photosynthesis-related biochemical processes in their ancestors.

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Czech Republic

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Complex Endosymbioses I: From Primary to Complex Plastids, Serial Endosymbiotic Events

Circadian rhythms and circadian clock gene homologs of complex alga Chromera velia

Using Diatom and Apicomplexan Models to Study the Heme Pathway of Chromera velia

Enigmatic Evolutionary History of Porphobilinogen Deaminase in Eukaryotic Phototrophs

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Chromerids

There Is Treasure Everywhere: Reductive Plastid Evolution in Apicomplexa in Light of Their Close Relatives

Characterization of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Chromerids

The antenna-like domain of the cyanobacterial ferrochelatase can bind chlorophyll and carotenoids in an energy-dissipative configuration

Endosymbiotic Evolution of Algae, Secondary Heterotrophy and Parasitism

Subcellular Compartments Interplay for Carbon and Nitrogen Allocation in Chromera velia and Vitrella brassicaformis

Extensive gain and loss of photosystem I subunits in chromerid algae, photosynthetic relatives of apicomplexans

Evolution of the Tetrapyrrole Biosynthetic Pathway in Secondary Algae: Conservation, Redundancy and Replacement

Chromerid genomes reveal the evolutionary path from photosynthetic algae to obligate intracellular parasites

Giardia intestinalis incorporates heme into cytosolic cytochrome b₅

Make it, take it, or leave it: heme metabolism of parasites

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