Secondary plant metabolites (SPMEs) play an important role in plant survival in the environment and serve to establish ecological relationships between plants and other organisms. Communication between plants and microorganisms via SPMEs contained in root exudates or derived from litter decomposition is an example of this phenomenon. In this review, the general aspects of rhizodeposition together with the significance of terpenes and phenolic compounds are discussed in detail. We focus specifically on the effect of SPMEs on microbial community structure and metabolic activity in environments contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Furthermore, a section is devoted to a complex effect of plants and/or their metabolites contained in litter on bioremediation of contaminated sites. New insights are introduced from a study evaluating the effects of SPMEs derived during decomposition of grapefruit peel, lemon peel, and pears on bacterial communities and their ability to degrade PCBs in a long-term contaminated soil. The presented review supports the "secondary compound hypothesis" and demonstrates the potential of SPMEs for increasing the effectiveness of bioremediation processes.

Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 3 166 28 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Videnska 1083 142 20 Prague Czech Republic

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DNA stable isotope probing on soil treated by plant biostimulation and flooding revealed the bacterial communities involved in PCB degradation

Biphenyl 2,3-Dioxygenase in Pseudomonas alcaliphila JAB1 Is Both Induced by Phenolics and Monoterpenes and Involved in Their Transformation

Genomic analysis of dibenzofuran-degrading Pseudomonas veronii strain Pvy reveals its biodegradative versatility

Novel PCB-degrading Rhodococcus strains able to promote plant growth for assisted rhizoremediation of historically polluted soils

The stimulating role of syringic acid, a plant secondary metabolite, in the microbial degradation of structurally-related herbicide, MCPA

Secondary compound hypothesis revisited: Selected plant secondary metabolites promote bacterial degradation of cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cDCE)

Native Phytoremediation Potential of Urtica dioica for Removal of PCBs and Heavy Metals Can Be Improved by Genetic Manipulations Using Constitutive CaMV 35S Promoter