Pathogens from the Trichophyton benhamiae complex are one of the most important causes of animal mycoses with significant zoonotic potential. In light of the recently revised taxonomy of this complex, we retrospectively identified 38 Trichophyton isolates that could not be resolved into any of the existing species. These strains were isolated from Iranian and Czech patients during molecular epidemiological surveys on dermatophytosis and were predominantly associated with highly inflammatory tinea corporis cases, suggesting possible zoonotic etiology. Subsequent phylogenetic (4 markers), population genetic (10 markers), and phenotypic analyses supported recognition of two novel species. The first species, Trichophyton persicum sp. nov., was identified in 36 cases of human dermatophytosis and one case of feline dermatophytosis, mainly in Southern and Western Iran. The second species, Trichophyton spiraliforme sp. nov., is only known from a single case of tinea corporis in a Czech patient who probably contracted the infection from a dog. Although the zoonotic sources of infections summarized in this study are very likely, little is known about the host spectrum of these pathogens. Awareness of these new pathogens among clinicians should refine our knowledge about their poorly explored geographic distribution. IMPORTANCE In this study, we describe two novel agents of dermatophytosis and summarize the clinical manifestation of infections. These new pathogens were discovered thanks to long-term molecular epidemiological studies conducted in Czechia and Iran. Zoonotic origins of the human infections are highly probable, but the animal hosts of these pathogens are poorly known. Further research is needed to refine our knowledge about these new dermatophytes.

Allergy Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciencesgrid 411583 a Mashhad Iran

Cellular and Molecular Research Center Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran

Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Dermatology and Venereology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Prague Czech Republic

Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciencesgrid 412571 4 Shiraz Iran

Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

Department of Parasitology and Mycology Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciencesgrid 411583 a Mashhad Iran

Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran

Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic

Medical Mycology Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan

Medicinal Plants Research Center Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran

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Dryad
10.5061/dryad.59zw3r275