The loss of mitochondria in oxymonad protists has been associated with the redirection of the essential Fe-S cluster assembly to the cytosol. Yet as our knowledge of diverse free-living protists broadens, the list of functions of their mitochondrial-related organelles (MROs) expands. We revealed another such function in the closest oxymonad relative, Paratrimastix pyriformis, after we solved the proteome of its MRO with high accuracy, using localization of organelle proteins by isotope tagging (LOPIT). The newly assigned enzymes connect to the glycine cleavage system (GCS) and produce folate derivatives with one-carbon units and formate. These are likely to be used by the cytosolic methionine cycle involved in S-adenosyl methionine recycling. The data provide consistency with the presence of the GCS in MROs of free-living species and its absence in most endobionts, which typically lose the methionine cycle and, in the case of oxymonads, the mitochondria.

Charles University Faculty of Science BIOCEV Vestec 252 50 Czech Republic

Charles University Faculty of Science Department of Parasitology BIOCEV Vestec 252 50 Czech Republic

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Curr Biol. 2022 Dec 5;32(23):R1308-R1311. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.039. PubMed

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Genomics of Preaxostyla Flagellates Illuminates the Path Towards the Loss of Mitochondria

Comparative analysis of mitochondrion-related organelles in anaerobic amoebozoans

The free-living flagellate Paratrimastix pyriformis uses a distinct mitochondrial carrier to balance adenine nucleotide pools