BACKGROUND: Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is an important gene in studies of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent studies have suggested a possible link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). At the same time, significant changes in insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) gene expression have been found in the brains of people with schizophrenia. These findings highlight the need to further investigate the role of IDE in schizophrenia pathogenesis. METHODS: We enrolled 733 participants from the Czech Republic, including 383 patients with schizophrenia and 350 healthy controls. Our study focused on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2421943 in the IDE gene, which has previously been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The SNP was analyzed using the PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS: The G allele of the rs2421943 polymorphism was found to significantly increase the risk of developing SZ (p < 0.01) when a gender-based analysis showed that both AG and GG genotypes were associated with a more than 1.55 times increased risk of SZ in females (p < 0.03) but not in males. Besides, we identified a potential binding site at the G allele locus for has-miR-7110-5p, providing a potential mechanism for the observed association. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm the role of the IDE gene in schizophrenia pathogenesis and suggest that future research should investigate the relationship between miRNA and estrogen influence on IDE expression in schizophrenia pathogenesis.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• insulinasa * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• schizofrenie * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of the study was to investigate whether routine clinical parameters, including visceral adiposity index (VAI) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), could become widely applicable predictors of insulin resistance (IR), evaluated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR, HOMA-ß), with regard to presence of metabolic syndrome (MS). The study comprised 188 individuals identified to meet the MS criteria during regular health examinations and an equal number of age, sex-matched controls without MS. The strongest correlations were noted between HOMA-IR and waist circumference (WC) in the MS group (r=0.57) as well as between HOMA-IR and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, r=0.57) or aspartate aminotransferase (r=0.56) in the controls, with a statistical significance of p<0.001. In a multivariate linear regression model, the predictors of HOMA-IR were WC (linear coefficient ß=0.1, p<0.001), ALT (ß=2.28, p<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (ß=0.04, p<0.001). HOMA-ß was determined by WC (ß=1.97, p=0.032) and ALT (ß=99.49, p=0.004) and inversely associated with age (ß=-1.31, p=0.004). Neither VAI nor AIP were significant predictors. The presence of MS was significantly associated with both HOMA-IR and HOMA-ß. These results indicate that WC and ALT appear to be reliable predictors of IR. Comprehensive assessment of these parameters may serve for estimating the level of IR.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom krev   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Hepatitida E patří mezi hlavní problémy veřejného zdraví. Odhaduje se, že každý rok na hepatitidu E ve světě zemře přibližně 44 000 osob. Virus hepatitidy E je nejčastější příčinou akutní virové hepatitidy na světě. Zatím bylo popsáno 7 genotypů viru hepatitidy E, z nichž pouze 4 mohou způsobit onemocnění člověka. Genotypy 1 a 2 jsou obligátními lidskými patogeny, k přenosu dochází fekálně-orální cestou a prostřednictvím kontaminované vody. Jsou hlavními příčinami epidemické a endemické akutní hepatitidy v rozvojových zemích v důsledku špatných hygienických podmínek. Naopak ve vyspělých zemích prevalují genotypy 3 a 4, které jsou zoonotického původu a jsou přenášeny alimentárně a přímým kontaktem s infikovaným zvířetem. U genotypů 3, 4 byl popsán i přenos krví, krevními produkty a tkáněmi z infikovaných osob nebo zvířat, také byl popsán přenos z matky na dítě. Většina infekcí HE probíhá klinicky asymptomaticky, ale průběh se může lišit od self-limiting onemocnění až po fulminantní selhání jater. Byly popsány i extrahepatální projevy infekce virem hepatitidy E. Prevence infekce virem hepatitidy E se zaměřuje především na hygienická opatření, jako jsou bezpečnost pitné vody a sanitace lidských odpadů. Důraz by měl být kladen i na stravovací zvyklosti, kulinární úpravu a také na sledování distribuce zoonotických rezervoárů. Vakcína proti virové hepatitidě E je dostupná pouze v Číně, chrání pouze proti genotypu 4 a nejsou důkazy o zkřížené ochraně i proti jiným genotypům.

Hepatitis E is a major concern to public health, it is estimated that 44,000 people die annually due to hepatitis E. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. HEV has been found with 7 genotypes, only 4 can infect humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 are major causes of the epidemic and endemic acute hepatitis in developing countries. In the poor hygienic conditions, these genotypes are obligate human pathogens transmitted between humans by the fecal-oral route and via contaminated water. On the contrary, in developed countries, genotypes 3 and 4 are of zoonotic origin and they are transmitted by alimentary route and via direct contact with the infected animal. Transmission by blood, blood products and tissues from infected persons or animals and even mother-to-infant transmission is also possible. Hepatitis E clinical course varies from self-limiting disease to fulminant hepatic failure, and extrahepatic manifestations have occurred. Management to control and prevent this infection is mainly hygienic measures. The provision of clean drinking water and ameliorating the sanitation of human wastes are the most effective preventive approaches as in any infection outbreak transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Nevertheless, dietary habits, distribution of different zoonotic reservoirs and the hygienic level play a crucial role in limiting and preventing the spread of hepatitis E in the developed countries. Although HEV vaccine was developed, it is still available only in China. It protects against genotype 4 with no clear evidence of protection against other genotypes.

• MeSH
• hepatitida E * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Prediabetes is a glucose metabolism disorder considered as a distinct nosological entity which strongly predicts the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This nosological entity itself is a serious condition indicating an increased risk of atherosclerotic and oncological complications. In patients with prediabetes, other components of metabolic syndrome are usually present, such as arterial hypertension, obesity or dyslipidaemia, further increasing an individual's risk of morbidity and mortality. Prediabetes is a long-developing disorder which offers enough time for early diagnosis and intervention; it may even be reversible. This review summarizes current knowledge on the definition, detection, epidemiology, cardiovascular and other consequences of prediabetes. It also gives suggestions for future research, along with recommendations for clinical practice.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu patologie   MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prediabetes * diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH