We investigated the impact of a high-fat (HF) diet during pre- and post-weaning periods on the intestinal microbiota and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in male rats. Nutrition from birth was influenced by feeding rat dams with either a standard or HF diet. After weaning male pups nursed by control dams continued on a standard diet (CC) or HF diet (C->HF), while offspring nursed by HF dams continued on HF diet (HF) or standard diet (HF->C). The numbers of Bacteroides/Prevotella (BAC) and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus (LAB) in the gut were determined by FISH technique. HF pups displayed enhanced adiposity and increased AP activity (19 %), as well as higher LAB (P<0.001) and lower numbers of BAC (P<0.001) in the jejunum and colon than controls. In HF->C rats, post-weaning lower fat intake resulted in decreased fat deposition accompanied by reduced AP activity (20 %) compared to HF rats. Composition of the intestinal microbiota in these rats was not influenced. In contrast, in comparison with controls, C->HF rats displayed higher LAB (P<0.001) and lower BAC (P<0.001) together with increased adiposity and AP activity (14 %). These results indicate that consumption of diet with different fat content could modulate gut microbial/functional conditions depending on the period when the nutritional manipulation occurs.

• MeSH
• aktivace enzymů fyziologie   MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• laktace metabolismus   MeSH
• odstavení * MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra fyziologie   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We investigated whether early postnatal over-nutrition affects normal course of skin wound healing. To induce over-nutrition the litter size was adjusted on the first day after birth to four pups/nest (small litters). In parallel, as a control, normal nests of 10 pups/nest (normal litters) were used. For the wound healing experiment 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 15 from normal nests and 15 from small nests, were used. Two parallel full-thickness skin incisions and two full-thickness excisions were performed on the back of each rat. Samples for histological examination (excisions) and wound tensile strength measurement (incisions) were collected on days 2, 6, and 14 after surgery. Our study demonstrates that rats from the small nests had enhanced plasma levels of insulin and enhanced body weight/fat parameters. Furthermore, in small nests, rats that expressed the above-mentioned symptoms displayed slight improvement of epidermis regeneration, accelerated demarcation line formation, and increased wound tensile strength. From this point of view the small nest model used in the present experiment is helpful for exploration whether these acquired changes might be considered as a sufficient essential factor involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and wound repair in juvenile obese male rats. Nevertheless, further studies need to be performed to verify the present findings also on other animal models and humans and to describe the exact underlying mechanism.

• MeSH
• hojení ran * MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• inzulin metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kůže patologie   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom genetika   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• obezita genetika   MeSH
• odstavení MeSH
• pevnost v tahu MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• věda o výživě zvířat MeSH
• velikost vrhu MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of our study was to develop a model producing obese mice in early adulthood (4-6 weeks) based on their over-nutrition during fetal and early postnatal development. The fertilized dams of the parental generation were fed the standard diet supplemented with high-energy nutritional product Ensure Plus during gestation and lactation. Delivered weanlings were then fed with standard or supplemented diet and assessed for body fat deposits using EchoMRI at the time of early and late adulthood. Maternal over-feeding during the period before weaning had the most significant effect on obesity development in the filial generation. In weanlings, significantly higher body fat deposits and average body weight were recorded. Later, further significant increase in percentage of body fat in both male and female mice was observed. Withdrawal of the Ensure Plus supplement caused a decrease in the percentage of body fat in part of the filial generation. In offspring fed the standard diet, higher fat deposits persisted till the time of late adulthood. We conclude that this diet-induced obesity model might be used in exploration of the effects of elevated body fat on physiological functions of various organ systems during juvenile and early adulthood periods of life of a human being.

• MeSH
• koně MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nadměrná výživa komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• obezita chemicky indukované   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• skupinový efekt MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vitamin K aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice chemicky indukované   etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• adipozita fyziologie   MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteroides izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Enterococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• Lactobacillus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• metagenom MeSH
• obezita mikrobiologie   MeSH
• odstavení MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• Prevotella izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• střeva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• velikost vrhu fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The influence was evaluated of post-weaning normal nutrition and over-nutrition upon the development of the intestinal microbiota, the alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) and occurrence of obesity in male Sprague-Dawley rats (from days 21 to 40 the control rats were submitted to ad libitum intake of a standard laboratory diet whereas overfed rats received the same diet supplemented with milk-based high fat liquid diet). The jejunal numbers of two dominant divisions of bacteria, i.e. Firmicutes (Lactobacillus/ Enterococcus--LAB) and the Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides/Prevotella--BAC), were determined using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method, and the jejunal AP activity was assayed histochemically. On day 40, the overfed rats in comparison with control animals displayed increased adiposity accompanied by enhanced AP activity, abundance of LAB, lower amounts of BAC and, thereafter, higher LAB/BAC ratio (L/B). The numbers of LAB and L/B index positively correlated with body fat, energy intake and AP activity, whereas numbers of BAC showed an opposite tendency. These results revealed the significance of nutritional imprint upon the post-weaning development of intestinal microbial and functional axis and contribute to better understanding of their involvement in energy-balance control and in adverse and/or positive regulation of adiposity.

• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Bacteroidetes izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• histocytochemie MeSH
• hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
• jejunum enzymologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• obezita mikrobiologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The relationship was evaluated between early nutritional experiences, the intestinal microflora and the small intestinal functions in the mechanism of predisposition to obesity development. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in which the quantity of nutrition was manipulated from birth to weaning (day 30) by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 small litters (SL) and 10 normal litters (NL) and fed a standard diet from days 30 to 40 of age. After 40 d, the postnatally overfed SL pups became heavier, displayed significantly enhanced adiposity, body mass gain and food intake as well as a significantly higher jejunal alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity than in rats nursed in NL nests. The effect of different early nutrition was also accompanied by the appearance of significantly decreased Bacteroides and significantly increased enterococci and lactobacilli of obese rats than in lean NL rats. The amounts of Bacteroides were negatively correlated with fat pad mass, body mass, body-mass gain and food intake whereas enterococci and lactobacilli were correlated positively with the same parameters. Our results demonstrate that postnatal nutritional experience may represent a predisposing factor influencing ontogeny of small intestine function and development of intestinal microbial communities. The acquired changes and associated alterations in food digestion could be a component of regulatory mechanisms contributing to the development of obesity and its maintenance in later life.

• MeSH
• Bacteroides izolace a purifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• Enterococcus izolace a purifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kojená zvířata MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• Lactobacillus izolace a purifikace   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nadměrná výživa MeSH
• obezita mikrobiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley metabolismus   MeSH
• stárnutí fyziologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• tenké střevo enzymologie   metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The objective of the present experiment was to assess the involvement of small intestine in expression of susceptibility or resistance to the high-fat/high-energy diet. The investigation was carried out in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed either standard laboratory diet (3.2 kcal/g, 9.5 % fat) or high-fat (HF) diet (4.04 kcal/g, 30 % fat) for 4 weeks as well as in HF rats that were retrospectively designated on the bases of their higher or lower weight gain as sensitive (DIO) or resistant (DR) to obesity. Our results revealed in HF group significant increase in energy intake, food efficiency, weight gain and Lee s index of obesity. Moreover, in comparison with controls, a significantly increased duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) and alpha-glucosidase activity as well as hypertrophy of jejunal mucosa (increased protein/DNA ratio) were observed in HF fed rats. In contrast, intestinal function was inversely related to energy intake or to the development of adiposity in DIO vs. DR rats. The DR rats had significantly greater AP and alpha-glucosidase activity and more pronounced suppression of energy intake than obese DIO rats. It indicates that the increase of enzyme activities and the lowered effectiveness of nutrient absorption might be a significant factor preventing the expression of obesity proneness. This information contributes to a better understanding of a complex interaction between HF diet feeding and small intestinal adaptability, which determines the energy homeostasis and predict the ability to resist or develop obesity in these phenotypes.

• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dietní tuky MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• glukosidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek MeSH
• homeostáza MeSH
• hypertrofie MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• přijímání potravy MeSH
• střevní sliznice metabolismus   MeSH
• tenké střevo MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

To investigate the relationship between early nutritional experience, ontogeny of the small intestinal functions and predisposition to obesity development, the following experimental models of male Sprague-Dawley rats were used: 1) rats in which the quantity of nutrition was manipulated from birth to weaning (day 30) by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 (SL), 10 (NL) and 16 pups (LL) and 2) littermates of SL, NL and LL rats fed either a standard or a hypercaloric diet from days 80 to 135 of age. The overfed SL pups were overweight after day 15 and became permanently obese, whereas the underfed smaller LL pups, due to accelerated growth and enhanced food intake from day 30 to day 35, attained a body fat level that did not differ from normally fed NL rats. Moreover, a significantly increased duodenal and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was found in SL and LL rats and these acquired somatic and intestinal characteristics persisted from weaning throughout life. Eight weeks of high-energy diet feeding elicited a similar pattern of intestinal response in SL and LL rats that was clearly different from NL rats. Despite energy overconsumption in these three groups, both SL and LL rats still displayed enhanced AP activity and showed a significant increase in protein/DNA ratio accompanied with a significant body fat accretion. These results indicate that the postnatally acquired small intestinal changes induced by over- and undernutrition could be involved in the similar predisposition to obesity risk in later life when caloric density of the diet is raised.

• MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• hladovění komplikace   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nadměrná výživa komplikace   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• obezita komplikace   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley fyziologie   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• tenké střevo fyziologie   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH