BACKGROUND: Adolescents are most at risk of engaging in violent interaction. Targeting violence risk and protective factors is essential for correctly understanding and assessing their role in potential violence. We aimed to use the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY) tool within the sample of adolescents to capture violence risk and protective factors and personality variables related to risk and protective factors. We further aimed to identify which violence risk and protective factors were positively or negatively related to violence within personal history and if any personality traits are typical for violent and non-violent adolescents. Identifying broader or underlying constructs within the SAVRY tool factor analysis can enable appropriate therapeutic targeting. METHODS: We used the Czech standardized version of the SAVRY tool. The study sample comprised 175 men and 226 women aged 12-18 years divided into two categories according to the presence or absence of violence in their personal history. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare numerical variables between the two groups. SAVRY factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to determine the item factors. We administered the High School Personality Questionnaire (HSPQ) to capture adolescents' personality characteristics. RESULTS: In our sample, there were 151 participants with violence in their personal histories and 250 non-violent participants. Non-violent adolescents had higher values for all six SAVRY protective factors. The strongest protective factor was P3, Strong attachment and bonds across gender or a history of violence. Using factor analysis, we identified three SAVRY internal factors: social conduct, assimilation, and maladaptation. The SAVRY protective factors were significantly positively related to several factors in the HSPQ questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the significance of protective factors and their relationship with violence prevalence. HSPQ diagnostics could be helpful in clinically targeting personality-based violence risks and protective factors. The therapeutic focus should be on tension, peer rejection, and anxiety. It is also essential to foster positive attitudes toward authority, prosocial behavior, and attitudes toward school. These strategies can help strengthen protective factors of the SAVRY.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Vydání první 286 stran ; 20 cm
Autor, který sám přes dvacet let s obsedantně kompulzivní poruchou zápolí, nabízí přehled psychologických, výzkumných, historických, ale i osobních postřehů a poznatků. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno; Vtíravé myšlenky má občas téměř každý. Ať už se týkají jídla, sexu, násilného chování, devět z deseti lidí občas napadne něco, co vzápětí vnímají jako šokující, nepřiměřené či děsivé. Pokud se takové nechtěné myšlenky vracejí opakovaně a donutí člověka vyhýbat se jim pomocí rituálů v chování, může se takové myšlení a chování rozvinout v obsedatně kompulzivní poruchu. Autor, který sám přes dvacet let s touto poruchou zápolí, v upřímné snaze jí porozumět nabízí přehled psychologických, výzkumných, historických, ale i osobních postřehů a poznatků. Osobní příběh se prolíná celou knihou od prvního výskytu, kdy se nemoc ozvala jako „sněhová vločka uprostřed léta“, přes rozvoj složitých kompulzivních obran proti vtíravým myšlenkám, až po léčbu ve skupinové terapii KBT.
- MeSH
- duševně nemocní psychologie MeSH
- obsedantně kompulzivní porucha dějiny psychologie terapie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- autobiografie MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- Biografie
- NLK Obory
- psychologie, klinická psychologie
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (n=50) from patients with neurological disease (bacterial infection, viral infection, neuroborreliosis and multiple sclerosis) were analysed to characterize cell populations by fluorescent immunocytometry with the CD-Sapphire haematology analyser. Reagent combinations applied to all CSF samples comprised CD3/CD19/HLA-DR and CD4/CD8, with some being further analysed using CD3/CD4, CD3/CD16 and CD3/CD25 protocols. Of the 50 samples, 11 were excluded because of high proportions of nonviable cells (n=2) or insufficient cell numbers (n=9). Apart from bacterial infection with granulocytosis, all diagnostic groups showed high proportions (51.4-77.0%) of CD3+ T cells. There was a modest association between T-cell and B-cell counts, but absolute B-cell numbers exceeded 5 cells/microl in only 7/39 cases (neuroborreliosis, n=6; bacterial meningitis, n=1). CD3/Ia antigen (activation) co-expression was low and only exceeded 5% in 7/39 samples with no diagnostic correlation. Primary CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets showed similar quantitative trends and CD4/CD8 co-analysis revealed the presence in all diagnostic groups (neuroborreliosis and multiple sclerosis in particular) of a CD4+CD8int fraction that was predominantly CD3+ and CD16- and had a morphological profile consistent with small lymphoid cells. Supplementary CD-Sapphire cellular immunological analysis of most CSF samples is feasible using the procedure detailed in this communication.
- MeSH
- eozinofily cytologie patologie MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- hematoencefalická bariéra cytologie chemie patologie MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mozkomíšní mok cytologie chemie MeSH
- nemoci centrálního nervového systému MeSH
- neutrofily cytologie patologie MeSH
- prekurzorové buňky monocytů-makrofágů cytologie patologie MeSH
- proteiny v mozkomíšním moku diagnostické užití MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- cytologické techniky metody MeSH
- granulocyty cytologie patologie MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfocyty cytologie patologie MeSH
- mononukleární fagocytární systém cytologie patologie MeSH
- mozkomíšní mok cytologie chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- nádorové cirkulující buňky klasifikace patologie MeSH
- patologické procesy etiologie klasifikace patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The levels of prealbumin (PAB, transthyretin) were determined and evaluated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in various subgroups of the multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. In severely disabled patients, serum PAB was elevated more frequently. CSF and serum PAB concentrations were higher in treated than in nontreated patients; the values above the upper reference limits were also more frequently found in treated patients. PAB index showed a tendency to decrease during the course of the disease. The routine determination of PAB in CSF and serum is, therefore, recommended to be recognized in MS patients as a substantial clinical value and, thus, be comprised, including also immunoglobulins and other parameters, into the spectrum of characteristics in Protein Panel.
- MeSH
- eozinofily imunologie MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- krevní proteiny MeSH
- kyselina mléčná MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningitida diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- T-lymfocyty pomocné-indukující imunologie MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
A routine diagnostic procedure of cryptococcal meningitis using Alcian Blue and Nuclear Fast Red staining is described in a group of 16 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid findings, including clinical cytology, routine biochemistry and protein fractions, are presented.
