Rozštěpy rtu a patra patří mezi nejčastější vrozené vady obličeje. Léčba rozštěpů je centralizovaná, multioborová a podílí se na ní plastický chirurg, ortodontista, anesteziolog, klinický logoped a další profese. Incidence rozštěpů rtu a patra zůstává stále přibližně stejná, mění se však přístup k jejich léčbě. Mezi moderní postupy léčby se stále více přidává 3D tisk a léčebné a výukové možnosti s ním spojené.
Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common congenital defects of the head. The treatment of clefts is centralized, multidisciplinary, and involves a plastic surgeon, orthodontist, anesthesiologist, clinical speech therapist, and other specialists. While the incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate remains approximately unchanged, the approach to their treatment is evolving. Modern treatment methods increasingly include 3D printing and the associated therapeutic and educational possibilities.
- MeSH
- 3D tisk MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obturátory patra MeSH
- rozštěp patra * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- rozštěp rtu * chirurgie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital abnormalities. Cleft lip reconstruction is performed mostly in 3 months of life including the neonatal period. The consumption of opioids during anesthesia is one of the monitored parameters of anesthesia safety. We investigated the effect of using an infraorbital nerve block for reducing opioid consumption during cleft lip surgery in neonates. PATIENTS/METHODS: Overall, 100 patients who underwent primary cleft lip surgery in neonatal age between 2018 and 2021 were included in the study. The primary outcome was to compare opioid requirements during cleft lip surgery with and without using regional anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included a first oral intake from surgery between neonates with and without regional anesthesia and complications rate of infraorbital nerve block. RESULTS: Data from 100 patients (46 patients with and 64 without regional anesthesia) were retrospectively analyzed and classified into two groups according to whether regional anesthesia during neonatal cleft lip surgery had been performed or not. The use of infraorbital block was found to be positively correlated with lower doses of opioids used during the general anesthesia for the surgery (mean 0.48 μg/kg vs 0.29 μg/kg, p < 0.05). The postoperative course was evaluated based on the interval from surgery to first oral intake which was statistically insignificant shorter (p = 0.16) in the group of patients using regional anesthesia. No complications were recorded in the group of patients with regional anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: Regional anesthesia is associated with reduced opioid consumption during anesthesia thereby increasing the safety of anesthesia in neonates. GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT06067854https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06067854?cond=NCT06067854&rank=1.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervová blokáda * metody MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- opioidní analgetika * terapeutické užití MeSH
- pooperační bolest farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rozštěp patra * chirurgie MeSH
- rozštěp rtu * chirurgie MeSH
- svodná anestezie * metody MeSH
- zákroky plastické chirurgie metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cílem článku Rok 2023 v anestezii a intenzivní péči v pediatrii je přinést stručný přehled nejdůležitějších publikací v tomto oboru za poslední rok. Vybrané publikace kromě vysoké kvality zpracovaní mohou čtenářům přinést znalosti umožňující zkvalitnění jejich každodenní klinické praxe v anestezii a intenzivní péči.
The aim of the article Year 2023 in Paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care is to provide a brief overview of the most important publications in this field over the last year. The selected publications, in addition to their high quality, can provide readers with knowledge that will enable them to improve their daily clinical practice in anaesthesia and intensive care.
Špatná kvalita spánku a rozvoj deliria jsou časté komplikace v intenzivní péči. Incidence obou komplikací je vysoká a pohledem medicíny založené na důkazech jsou v obou případech signifikantně prokázané závažné konsekvence. Stran deliria je k dispozici více dat, zatímco u zhoršené kvality spánku je i vzhledem k technickým limitacím monitorace a diagnostiky významný prostor k dalšímu výzkumu. Tento článek shrnuje data, která jsou k dispozici stran epidemiologie a rizikových faktorů snížené kvality spánku i deliria v prostředí intenzivní péče.
Poor quality of sleep and delirium are frequent complications of intensive care. The incidence of both complications is high, and evidence-based medicine has significantly demonstrated serious consequences in both cases. More data are available on delirium. While there is significant room for further research on sleep quality impairment, there are also technical limitations of monitoring and diagnosis. This article summarises known data on the epidemiology and risk factors of decreased quality of sleep and delirium in the intensive care setting.
Monitorace kvality spánku a deliria jsou naprosto zásadní pro poskytování moderní intenzivní péče. Představují však přístrojovou a personální výzvu. Nejen proto, že určité metody monitorace, např. polysomnografie, monitorovaný spánek samy ovlivňují. Ačkoliv existují nové alternativy, polysomnografie zůstává zlatým standardem v diagnostice a výzkumu poruch spánku pro nejlepší validitu získaných dat. Bez monitorace a screeningových metod nelze spolehlivě diagnostikovat delirium a poruchy spánku v intenzivní péči a bez jasně stanovené diagnózy nelze zkoumat dopady deliria a snížené kvality spánku. Tento článek shrnuje jednotlivé možnosti monitorace spánku i deliria, jejich výhody a limitace v prostředí intenzivní péče.
Monitoring sleep quality and delirium are essential in providing modern intensive care. They present both equipment and personnel challenges. Not only because certain monitoring methods, such as polysomnography, affect monitored sleep themselves. Although new alternatives exist, polysomnography remains the gold standard in diagnosing and researching sleep disorders for the validity of the data obtained. Without monitoring and screening methods, delirium and sleep disorders cannot be reliably diagnosed in intensive care. Without a clearly established diagnosis, the outcomes of delirium and reduced sleep quality cannot be investigated. This article summarizes various options for monitoring both sleep and delirium, their advantages and limitations in the critical care setting.
- MeSH
- delirium * diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kvalita spánku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí klasifikace metody MeSH
- monitory vědomí MeSH
- péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu MeSH
- polysomnografie metody MeSH
- sběr dat metody MeSH
- spánek * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- 3D tisk MeSH
- design s pomocí počítače MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- rozštěp patra * MeSH
- rozštěp rtu * MeSH
- zajištění dýchacích cest MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS) is a new disease in children and adolescents that occurs after often asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. It can be manifested by different clinical symptomatology and varying severity of disease based on multisystemic inflammation. The aim of this retrospective cohort trial was to describe the initial clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapy and clinical outcome of paediatric patients with a diagnosis of PIMS-TS admitted to one of the 3 PICUs. All paediatric patients who were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) during the study period were enrolled in the study. A total of 180 patients were analysed. The most common symptoms upon admission were fever (81.6%, n = 147), rash (70.6%, n = 127), conjunctivitis (68.9%, n = 124) and abdominal pain (51.1%, n = 92). Acute respiratory failure occurred in 21.1% of patients (n = 38). Vasopressor support was used in 20.6% (n = 37) of cases. Overall, 96.7% of patients (n = 174) initially tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Almost all patients received antibiotics during in-hospital stays. No patient died during the hospital stay or after 28 days of follow-up. Initial clinical presentation and organ system involvement of PIMS-TS including laboratory manifestations and treatment were identified in this trial. Early identification of PIMS-TS manifestation is essential for early treatment and proper management of patients.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Currently, ultrasound-guided central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is recommended in pediatric patients. However, the clinical practice may vary. The primary aim of this study was the overall success rate and the first attempt success rate in ultrasound-guided CVC insertion versus anatomic-based CVC insertion in pediatric patients. The secondary aim was the incidence of associated complications and the procedural time. The physician could freely choose the cannulation method and venous approach. Data were collected for 10 months. Overall, 179 patients were assessed for eligibility and 107 patients were included. In almost half of the patients (48.6%), the percutaneous puncture was performed by real-time ultrasound navigation. In 51.4% of the patients, the puncture was performed by the landmark method. The overall success rate was 100% (n = 52) in the real-time ultrasound navigation group, 96.4% (n = 53) in the landmark insertion group, (p = 0.496). The first percutaneous puncture success rate was 57.7% (n = 30) in the real-time ultrasound navigation group and 45.5% (n = 25) in the landmark insertion group, (p = 0.460). The data show a higher overall success rate and the first success rate in the US-guided CVC insertion group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Emergence delirium (ED) is a postoperative complication in pediatric anesthesia characterized by perception and psychomotor disorder and has a negative impact on morbidity in the form of maladaptive behavior, which can last weeks after anesthesia. Patients with developed ED present with psychomotor anxiety, agitation, and are at higher risk of unintentional extraction of an intravenous cannula, self-harm and nausea and vomiting. The described incidence of ED varies between 25-80%, with a higher prevalence among children younger than 6 years of age. We aimed to determine the incidence of ED in pediatric patients (>1 month) after general anesthesia in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), using Paediatric Anaesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, Watcha score and Richmond agitation and sedation scale (RASS). The incidence of ED was the highest in the PAED score with cutoff ≥10 points (89.0%, n = 1088). When using PAED score >12 points, ED incidence was 19.3% (n = 236). The lowest incidence was described by Watcha and RASS scores, 18.8% (n = 230) vs. 18.1% (n = 221), respectively. The threshold for PAED ≥10 points seems to give false-positive results, whereas the threshold >12 points is more accurate. RASS scale, although intended primarily for estimation of the depth of sedation, seems to have a good predictive value for ED.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Traditionally, uncuffed tubes were used in pediatric patients under 8 years in pursuit of reducing the risk of postextubation stridor. Although computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies confirmed that the subglottic area remains the narrowest part of pediatric airway, the use of uncuffed tubes failed to reduce the risk of subglottic swelling. Properly used cuffed tubes (correct size and correct cuff management) are currently recommended as the first option in emergency, anesthesiology and intensive care in all pediatric patients. Clinical practice particularly in the intensive care area remains variable. This review aims to analyze the current recommendation for airway management in children in emergency, anesthesiology and intensive care settings.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
