PURPOSE: The Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) is a short, multidimensional instrument translated into several languages that covers five domains recommended in the assessment of outcome in patients with low-back and neck pain. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the COMI from English to Czech language and to test the face and construct validity and reproducibility of its results in patients with low-back and neck pain. METHODS: Participants (n = 125) were included from primary and secondary care. The participants reported moderate pain and disability levels. All participants filled in the COMI forms before and after surgery. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon paired test, Crombach's alpha, principal component analysis and information entropy calculation were used. RESULTS: The instrument was successfully forward and back-translated. It can be seen that the questionnaire applied as part of our intervention study produces answers with a sufficient degree of variability and with a satisfactory degree of representation of extreme values. It can be also seen that the questionnaire can diagnose an objectively occurring change associated with the surgeon within the intervention procedure. Our other findings support the idea of a possible reduction in the number of questions that measure the same latent variable. Our investigations also showed that it is possible to reduce the range of the point scale of the perception of pain to 5 degrees of intensity and thus unify the range with the other questions. CONCLUSION: The Czech COMI shows acceptable properties and is thus suitable to use as a short instrument for measuring important domains in patients with low-back and neck pain.
- MeSH
- bolest krku * diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lumbalgie * diagnóza MeSH
- měření bolesti metody MeSH
- posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky normy MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srovnání kultur * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
"Muscle tone" is a clinically important and widely used term and palpation is a crucial skill for its diagnosis. However, the term is defined rather vaguely, and palpation is not measurable objectively. Therefore, several methods have been developed to measure muscle tone objectively, in terms of biomechanical properties of the muscle. This article aims to summarize these approaches. Through database searches, we identified those studies related to objective muscle tone measurement in vivo, in situ. Based on them, we described existing methods and devices and compared their reliability. Furthermore, we presented an extensive list of the use of these methods in different fields of research. Although it is believed by some authors that palpation cannot be replaced by a mechanical device, several methods have already proved their utility in muscle biomechanical property diagnosis. There appear to be two issues preventing wider usage of these objective methods in clinical practice. Firstly, a high variability of their reliability, and secondly, a lack of valid mathematical models that would provide the observed mechanical characteristics with a clear physical significance and allow the results to be compared with each other.
- MeSH
- databáze faktografické MeSH
- palpace MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- svalový tonus * MeSH
- svaly * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of this study was to analyse selected biomechanical aspects of the asymmetrical loading of the human postural system when riding the C1 speed canoe and their influence on the development of muscular imbalances. METHODS: 3D kinematic analysis of a simulated forward stroke of the canoeist in a pool with a counter-current (N = 9) and analysis of MRI data with selected individuals (N = 5), videoanalysis of actual paddling top athletes (N = 12), the kinesiological analysis of movement. RESULTS: Can be stated that when riding a C1 speed canoe the postural system is exposed to two types of asymmetric loading. In the first place, there is lateral asymmetry, which stems from the very nature of the one-sided paddling on this type of vessel. The canoeist has to compensate for the consequent instability by shifting the body's centre of gravity higher above the kneeling lower limb. This effect is achieved by the so-called pelvic lateralisation from the paddling side and by this side's skewing to the kneeling lower limb. Another asymmetry is connected to the forward-backward body movement and its time-dependent deviation from the neutral posture. A significant disproportion between generally fixation movements of the lower part of the body and phasic movements of the upper part of the body has been confirmed. These asymmetrical positions result in a significant unilateral overloading of the quadratus lumborum on the side of the supporting lower limb (side without the paddle), as well as an overloading of the spine straighteners in the lumbar area, in particular on the part of a supporting lower limb, and bilateral yet asymmetric overloading of m. iliopsoas, which in addition takes place in different isometries. The analysis of MRI data indicates that, during longitudinal training, lateral disproportion in the volume and intensity of postural system loading is the cause of different cross sections of the iliopsoas muscle and quadratus lumborum muscle on the side of the kneeling and supporting lower limbs. With both muscles, larger cross sections with a statistical significance level α = 0.05 and thus also strength on the side of the supporting lower limb can be expected. CONCLUSION: When canoeing on the C1, a significant unilateral overloading occurs with m. quadratus lumborum on the part of the supporting lower limb (side without paddle). Furthermore, spine straighteners in the lumbar area are overloaded, in particular in the part of the supporting lower limb. Last but not least however, the bilateral asymmetric overloading of m. iliopsoas occurs.
- MeSH
- biomechanika fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohyb * fyziologie MeSH
- postura těla * fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The effect of short-term nutrient deprivation was studied in five populations of the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae with different microbiomes. The fresh weight, nutrient status, respiration, and population growth of the mites were observed for the five mite population-scale samples. The starvation caused the larvae and nymphs to be eliminated, resulting in a significant increase in the fresh weight of starved adult specimens. Three populations were negatively influenced by starvation, and the starved specimens were characterized by a decrease in nutrient status, respiration, and population growth. One population was not influenced or was slightly influenced by starvation, which had no effect on population growth or nutrient contents but caused a significant decrease in respiration. One population was positively influenced by starvation; the population growth increased in starved specimens, and starvation had no effect on respiration. Although starvation altered the bacterial profiles of the microbiomes, these differences were much smaller than those between the populations. The bacterial profiles of Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Kocuria, Brevibacterium, and unidentified Micrococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae increased in starved specimens, whereas those of Bartonella and Solitalea-like genera were reduced in the starved mite populations. The profiles of the intracellular symbiont Cardinium decreased in the starved specimens, and the Wolbachia profile changes were dependent on the mite population. In mite populations, when the symbionts were rare, their profiles varied stochastically. Correlations between changes in the profiles of the bacterial taxa and mite fitness parameters, including nutrient status (lipids, proteins, saccharides, and glycogen contents), mite population growth, and respiration, were observed. Although the microbiomes were resistant to the perturbations caused by nutrition deficiency, the responses of the mites differed in terms of their population growth, respiration, and nutrient status.
Narrow sense heritability [Formula: see text] is a key concept in quantitative genetics, as it expresses the proportion of the observed phenotypic variation that is transmissible from parents to offspring. [Formula: see text] determines the resemblance among relatives, and the rate of response to artificial and natural selection. Classical methods for estimating [Formula: see text] use random samples of individuals with known relatedness, as well as response to artificial selection, when it is called realized heritability. Here, we present a method for estimating realized [Formula: see text] based on a simple assessment of a random-mating population with no artificial manipulation of the population structure, and derive SE of the estimates. This method can be applied to arbitrary phenotypic segments of the population (for example, the top-ranking p parents and offspring), rather than random samples. It can thus be applied to nonpedigreed random mating populations, where relatedness is determined from molecular markers in the p selected parents and offspring, thus substantially saving on genotyping costs. Further, we assessed the method by stochastic simulations, and, as expected from the mathematical derivation, it provides unbiased estimates of [Formula: see text] We compared our approach to the regression and maximum-likelihood approaches utilizing Galton's dataset on human heights, and all three methods provided identical results.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- kvantitativní znak dědičný MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely genetické * MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- populační genetika * MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- selekce (genetika) MeSH
- tělesná výška MeSH
- typy dědičnosti * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to identify the meniscoids of the cervical spine using in-vivo MRI imaging and to determine their potential role in the development of functional joint blocks of the axial system (AS). Another objective was to find out how the articular blocks affect the rheological properties of the spine by the Transfer Vibration through the Spine (TVS) method. METHOD: In this study were used methods TVS and MRI. The study was conducted on a research file of 12 subjects and was conceived as a pilot one. RESULTS: It has been shown that the MRI method, in appropriate circumstances, enables the detection of changes in the size and shape of meniscoids in-vivo. On the basis of the investigations carried out, it can be assumed that several mechanisms are involved in the formation of functional joint blocks, and are not primarily caused by the incarceration of meniscoidal tissue. Using the TVS method, it has also been found that a functional articular blockade affects the rheological properties of the axial system, specifically reducing the damping capabilities of the particular spine segment. CONCLUSION: In the follow-up studies, it will be necessary to verify the theoretical interpretations on a larger statistical set.
OBJECTIVE: More parameters have been used for more detailed description of mechanical properties of human hair as a fibre than in analogous studies. All measured samples were taken from five different locations on the heads of 60 women of varied age. METHODS: For each hair, the diameter was determined optically and then the test in the Deform Type 2 testing machine was carried out. Deformation curves were obtained by testing 10 mm long samples up to the rupture point at constant temperature, humidity and constant crossbar speed of 2 mm/min. The curves were processed with software for the calculation of mechanical parameters of the hairs. This specialized software has been designed by us for that purpose. Resulting values were arranged into tables and figures. RESULTS: As far as hair cross-section is concerned, it has been found that for the European population it appears to be rather higher - 86 μm - than indicated in formerly published texts. The 56 μm mentioned in the work of other authors has been observed only utterly exceptionally, in 0.3 % of the population. All quantities studied (except extensibility) display moderate to strong positive skewness in comparison to Gauss distribution. The most marked skewness is seen in the resilience. At the same time, this quantity displays the highest value of non-Gaussian distribution. The elasticity module of 2.3±0.6 GPa is three times lower than the one reported by other authors, yet according to the fact published in our work - which shows unambiguously that the thinner the hair, the higher elasticity module it displays - the value of 7.2 GPa for the 56 µm thick hairs is comparable and it confirms the hypothesis that the cortex, which is responsible for the mechanical strength of the hair, is contained in a higher ratio in thinner hairs. This similarly applies to the ultimate strength; the linearity limit is hard to compare with literature, as it almost does not appear there. CONCLUSION: By measuring 886 samples from the heads of 60 adult women of European type, it was possible to ascertain the current norm for a larger number of mechanical parameters of the hairs. Further merit of this work is the fact that the hairs were taken systematically from five well-defined places of the studied heads in equal count, which is an aspect formerly published works do not respect and they do not present the location of sampling.
- MeSH
- běloši MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanický stres * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pevnost v tahu fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- vlasy, chlupy fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: Výkonová indukční stimulace je metodou volby v léčbě algických stavů muskuloskeletálního aparátu v oblasti neurologie, ortopedie, rehabilitace a fyzikálního lékařství. Princip terapie spočívá v neinvazivním průniku a působení nestacionárního elektromagnetického pole na nervosvalovou tkáň, v níž indukuje elektrický proud. Působením pole na nervosvalovou tkáň se ovlivňuje neurofyziologický akční potenciál, vedoucí ke svalové kontrakci. Cíl: Cílem pilotní studie bylo ověřit bezprostřední analgetický účinek výkonové indukční stimulace přístroje BTL-6000 Super Inductive System (BTL Industries Ltd.) u algických stavů muskuloskeletálního aparátu. Metody: Pilotní studie se zúčastnilo 31 pacientů z Rehabilitačního ústavu Kladruby, kteří jednotlivě absolvovali v průměru 7 terapií. V terapii byl ruční aplikátor typu „focus field“. Pro dosažení analgetického účinku byly aplikovány terapeutické parametry opakovací frekvence odpovídající vrátkové a kódové teorii tlumení bolesti. Pro objektivizaci hodnocení bolesti byla použita 10stupňová Visual Analog Scale (VAS), na které pacienti zaznamenali bolest před a po skončení každé terapie. Výsledky: Bezprostředně po terapii nastal analgetický účinek u 62 % ošetřených pacientů. Závěr: I při malém počtu probandů se podařilo zlepšit subjektivní vnímání bolesti díky bezprostřednímu analgetickému účinku výkonové indukční stimulace. I když design experimentu nedovoluje porovnání efektu terapie vůči placebu, lze na základě provedených analýz očekávat (α = 0,2), že bezprostředně po terapii nastane analgetický účinek u 50–74 % pacientů.
Background: Repetitive peripheral inductive stimulation is a solution in musculoskeletal pain management in medical branches such as neurology, orthopaedics, rehabilitation and physical medicine. Therapy is based on the principle of time-varying electromagnetic field passing through neural and muscular tissue, in which electric currents are induced. By affecting conductive tissue, a chain reaction including changes in action potential and leading to muscle contraction is performed. Aim: Aim of the pilot study was to investigate immediate pain relief effect of the repetitive peripheral inductive stimulation device BTL-6000 Super Inductive System (BTL Industries Ltd.) in musculoskeletal diseases. Methods: 31 subjects from Rehabilitation Center Kladruby were comprised in the pilot study. Subjects underwent approx. 7 therapies individually. A hand-held applicator type „focus field“ was used. Pulse repetition rates matching with gate theory and peripheral pattern theory were applied to achieve pain relief effect. A Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain before and after each therapy. Results: Immediate pain relief effect of the repetitive peripheral inductive stimulation in 62% patients with musculoskeletal diseases was observed. Conclusion: Despite small number of subjects, decrease of painful perception and pain relief effect were achieved. Although, the study design does not allow comparison with placebo effect, statistically significant (α = 0.2) immediate pain relief effect in 50 - 74 % of subjects might be expected.
- Klíčová slova
- vrátková teorie, teorie kódů,, výkonová indukční stimulace, vertebrogenní algický syndrom,,
- MeSH
- bolest rehabilitace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrická stimulace * metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management bolesti * metody MeSH
- měření bolesti metody MeSH
- muskuloskeletální bolest * terapie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Cílem práce je zkoumat efekt epikondylární pásky při onemocnění epikondylitis lateralis. Epikondylární páska je protetická pomůcka, která se používá v rámci konzervativní terapie u epikondylitis lateralis. Dosud provedené studie ukázaly, že poznatky o efektu epikondylární pásky u onemocnění epikondylitis lateralis nejsou zcela jednoznačné. Některé dokonce terapeutický efekt pásky vyvracejí. Nejednotné jsou i metody hodnotící účinek dané pásky. Cílem tohoto experimentu je objektivizovat viskoelastické vlastnosti měkkých tkání na extenzorech zápěstí s aplikovanou epikondylární páskou s pomocí myotonometru a objektivizovat tak efekt epikondylární pásky. První měření naznačuje, že epikondylární páska má vliv na viskoelastické vlastnosti postižených svalů.
The target of the thesis is to research the effect of epicondylar brace (epicondyle band) for the treatment of epicondylitis lateralis. Epicondylar brace is a prosthetic tool used in conservative therapy by epicondylitis lateralis. The up-to-date research shows the ambiguous effect of epicondylar brace for the treatment of epicondylitis lateralis. Some of them even refute the therapeutic effect of the brace. Ambiguous are also the methods evaluating the effect of the brace. The aim of the experiment is the measurement of muscular tension on wrist extensors with epicondylar brace applied with the use of myotonometer, which can objectify the effect of epicondylar brace. First measurement implies that epicondylar brace influences muscular tension.
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- protetické prostředky * MeSH
- svalová síla - dynamometr MeSH
- svalový tonus MeSH
- tenisový loket * rehabilitace terapie MeSH
- terapie měkkých tkání MeSH
- zápěstí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Cílem studie bylo prokázat pozitivní vliv kondičního posilovacího programu na úroveň osvojení gymnastických dovedností u dívek středního školního věku. V průběhu dvanácti týdnů byl na vybranou skupinu dívek (N = 31) aplikován kondiční program, jehož součástí byla diagnostika silových schopností a pohybových dovedností. Z výsledků této pilotní studie vyplývá, že zařazení pravidelného desetiminutového kondičního cvičení do hodin školní tělesné výchovy má pozitivní vliv na úroveň osvojení pohybových dovedností u dívek šestých tříd. Program najde uplatnění ve školní tělesné výchově především v rámci tematického celku gymnastika.
The objective of the study was to demonstrate the positive impact of of strength workout program on gymnastic skills adoption level at middle school aged girl. During the twelve weeks on selected group of girls (N=31) has been applied an exercise program, which included a diagnosis of power abilities and motor skills. The results of this pilot study show that the inclusion of regular ten-workout program in school physical education has a positive effect on the gymnastic skills adoption level of girls 6 - grade. The program is most useful in the context of thematic whole gymnastics.
- Klíčová slova
- silové schopnosti, gymnastické dovednosti,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gymnastika * klasifikace výchova MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motorické dovednosti MeSH
- odporový trénink * metody MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- tělesná výchova * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
