BACKGROUND: The dominant feature of COVID-19-associated ARDS is gas exchange impairment. Extravascular lung water index is a surrogate for lung edema and reflects the level of alveolocapillary disruption. The primary aim was the prediction of extravascular lung water index by the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. The secondary aims were in determining the relationship between the extravascular lung water index and other oxygenation parameters, the [Formula: see text], end-tidal oxygen concentration, pulmonary oxygen gradient ([Formula: see text] minus end-tidal oxygen concentration), and [Formula: see text]. METHODS: This observational prospective single-center study was performed at the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, The University Hospital in Ostrava, The Czech Republic, during the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 20, 2020, until May 24, 2021. RESULTS: The relationship between the extravascular lung water index and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference showed only a mild-to-moderate correlation (r = 0.33, P < .001). Other extravascular lung water index correlations were as follows: [Formula: see text] (r = 0.33, P < .001), end-tidal oxygen concentration (r = 0.26, P = .0032), [Formula: see text] minus end-tidal oxygen concentration (r = 0.15, P = .0624), and [Formula: see text] (r = -0.15, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: The alveolar-arterial oxygen difference does not reliably correlate with the extravascular lung water index and the degree of lung edema in COVID-19-associated ARDS.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- extravaskulární plicní voda * metabolismus MeSH
- kyslík * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plicní alveoly * metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- plicní edém etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- syndrom dechové tísně * patofyziologie etiologie MeSH
- výměna plynů v plicích MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Emergence delirium (ED) is a postoperative complication in pediatric anesthesia characterized by a perception and psychomotor disorder, with a negative impact on postoperative recovery. As the use of inhalation anesthesia is associated with a higher incidence of ED, we investigated whether titrating the depth of general anesthesia with BIS monitor can reduce the incidence of ED. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, and double-blind. SETTING: Patients undergoing endoscopic adenoidectomy under general anesthesia according to a uniform protocol. PATIENTS: A total of 163 patients of both sexes aged 3-8 years were enrolled over 18 months. INTERVENTIONS: Immediately after the induction of general anesthesia, a bispectral index (BIS) electrode was placed on the patient's forehead. In the study group, the depth of general anesthesia was monitored with the aim of achieving BIS values of 40-60. In the control group, the dose of sevoflurane was determined by the anaesthesiologist based on MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) and the end-tidal concentration. MEASUREMENTS: The primary objective was to compare the occurrence of ED during the PACU (post-anesthesia care unit) stay in both arms of the study. The secondary objective was to determine the PAED score at 10 and 30 min in the PACU and the need for rescue treatment of ED. MAIN RESULTS: 86 children were randomized in the intervention group and 77 children in the control group. During the entire PACU stay, 23.3% (38/163) of patients developed ED with PAED score >10: 35.1% (27/77) in the control group and 12.8% (11/86) in the intervention group (p = 0.001). Lower PAED scores were also found in the intervention group at 10 (p < 0.001) and 30 (p < 0.001) minutes compared to the control group. The need for rescue treatment did not differ between groups (p = 0.067). CONCLUSION: Individualization of the depth of general anesthesia with BIS monitoring is an effective method of preventing ED in children. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04466579.
- MeSH
- celková anestezie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- inhalační anestezie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pooperační delirium * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- probouzení z anestezie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- sevofluran MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Mechanical ventilation (MV) provides basic organ support for patients who have acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, with acute respiratory distress syndrome as the most severe form. The use of excessive ventilation forces can exacerbate the lung condition and lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI); mechanical energy (ME) or power can characterize such forces applied during MV. The ME metric combines all MV parameters affecting the respiratory system (ie, lungs, chest, and airways) into a single value. Besides evaluating the overall ME, this parameter can be also related to patient-specific characteristics, such as lung compliance or patient weight, which can further improve the value of ME for characterizing the aggressiveness of lung ventilation. High ME is associated with poor outcomes and could be used as a prognostic parameter and indicator of the risk of VILI. ME is rarely determined in everyday practice because the calculations are complicated and based on multiple equations. Although low ME does not conclusively prevent the possibility of VILI (eg, due to the lung inhomogeneity and preexisting damage), individualization of MV settings considering ME appears to improve outcomes. This article aims to review the roles of bedside assessment of mechanical power, its relevance in mechanical ventilation, and its associations with treatment outcomes. In addition, we discuss methods for ME determination, aiming to propose the most suitable method for bedside application of the ME concept in everyday practice.
- MeSH
- agrese MeSH
- dýchání MeSH
- hrudník MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poškození plic mechanickou ventilací * MeSH
- syndrom dechové tísně * MeSH
- umělé dýchání MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been established as a life-saving technique for patients with the most severe forms of respiratory or cardiac failure. It can, however, be associated with severe complications. Anticoagulation therapy is required to prevent ECMO circuit thrombosis. It is, however, associated with an increased risk of hemocoagulation disorders. Thus, safe anticoagulation is a cornerstone of ECMO therapy. The most frequently used anticoagulant is unfractionated heparin, which can, however, cause significant adverse effects. Novel drugs (e.g., argatroban and bivalirudin) may be superior to heparin in the better predictability of their effects, functioning independently of antithrombin, inhibiting thrombin bound to fibrin, and eliminating heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. It is also necessary to keep in mind that hemocoagulation tests are not specific, and their results, used for setting up the dosage, can be biased by many factors. The knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of particular drugs, limitations of particular tests, and individualization are cornerstones of prevention against critical events, such as life-threatening bleeding or acute oxygenator failure followed by life-threatening hypoxemia and hemodynamic deterioration. This paper describes the effects of anticoagulant drugs used in ECMO and their monitoring, highlighting specific conditions and factors that might influence coagulation and anticoagulation measurements.
Úvod: Chirurgická resekce je dosud metodou volby při léčbě jaterních malignit. Především u pacientů, kteří jsou z nejrůznějších důvodů nevhodní pro radikální chirurgickou léčbu, představuje další léčebnou možnost radioterapeutický systém Cyberknife®. Cílem této práce je porovnat krátkodobé i dlouhodobé výsledky těchto léčebných modalit. Metody: Byla provedena retrospektivní analýza prospektivně shromažďovaných dat u pacientů podstupujících léčbu jaterních malignit chirurgicky či systémem Cyberknife®. Zkoumané období zahrnuje roky 2013 až 2016. Do studie byli zařazeni pacienti podstupující léčbu pouze jednou z uvedených metod. Výsledky: Celkem bylo analyzováno 260 pacientů, přičemž u 142 byla zvolena chirurgická terapie, zbylých 118 pacientů podstoupilo radioterapii. Medián přežití byl 30,65 měsíce pro chirurgické pacienty a 22,93 měsíce pro Cyberknife®, celkový medián přežití byl 27,63 měsíce. Procento tříletého přežívání bylo 47,4 %, respektive 19,9 %. Kaplan-Meierova analýza ukázala statisticky nevýznamný rozdíl mezi přežíváním pacientů obou skupin (p=0,082, CI 95%). Při porovnání výsledků omezených pouze na metastázy kolorektálního karcinomu byl shledán statisticky významný rozdíl (p=0,031, CI 95%). Závěr: Výsledky této studie ukazují statisticky nerozdílné dlouhodobé přežívání pacientů léčených oběma léčebnými metodami. Významný rozdíl ve tříletém přežívání však stále ukazuje na dominantní postavení chirurgie v diagnosticko-terapeutickém managementu pacientů s malignitami jater. Radioterapie Cyberknife® může představovat alternativní léčebnou metodu především u pacientů neschopných chirurgického výkonu, avšak pro kvalitní srovnání dlouhodobých výsledků je třeba delšího sledování pacientů.
Introduction: Surgical resection is the method of choice in treating liver malignancies. In patients who are not suitable for radical surgical treatment, the radiotherapeutic system Cyberknife® is a viable treatment option. The aim of this study is to compare short- and long-term results of both treatment methods. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was performed, focused on patients undergoing treatment of liver malignancies either by surgical resection or by the Cyberknife® system from 2013 to 2016. Only patients treated using a single treatment method were included in the study. Results: A total of 260 patients were analysed; 142 were treated by performing surgical resection and the remaining 118 using Cyberknife® radiotherapy. Median survival was 30.65 months for the surgical resection and 22.93 for the Cyberknife® therapy; median overall survival was 27.63 months. Three-year cumulative survival was 47.4% for the resection and 19.9% for radiotherapy. Kaplan-Meier analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in disease-specific survival between both groups (p=0.082, CI 95%). Results limited only to colorectal liver metastases showed a statistically significant difference in disease-specific survival (p=0.031, CI 95%). Conclusions: Results of this study show statistically indifferent overall disease-specific survival of both groups. However, the significant difference in 3-year survival still indicates a predominant position of surgery in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with liver malignancies. Nevertheless, Cyberknife® radiotherapy may actually represent a viable treatment alternative, particularly in patients unable to undergo surgical resection, although a longer follow-up period is necessary to obtain more robust results.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů radioterapie MeSH
- nádory jater * chirurgie radioterapie sekundární MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- radiochirurgie * MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Introduction: Laparoscopic liver surgery has developed rapidly in the last 25 years, bringing new possibilities of treating liver tumours. Therefore, patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases can benefit from the less invasive laparoscopic approach, retaining necessary oncological radicality. This paper evaluates experience with laparoscopic liver surgery for colorectal liver metastases in our institution and compares it to laparotomic approach. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database of patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases from 2007 to 2017 was performed. Results: A total of 172 patients was included in the study. The mean of disease-specific survival was 87.66 months for laparotomic resection in comparison with 98.63 months within laparoscopic approach. The 10-year survival rate was 56.2 % for laparoscopic approach while laparotomic approach reached 47.8 %. There is not statistically significant difference in survival between both groups, the p-value = 0.310. Laparoscopic operative approach reaches statistically significant difference in postoperative complications 4.76 % vs 14.62% (p-value = 0.004). Conclusions: Results of laparoscopic liver resections for colorectal cancer liver metastases are statistically similar or better in comparison to laparotomic resections, even considering long-term disease-specific survival. Therefore, a laparoscopic approach to liver resection is beneficial in all patients, who are suitable for this type of approach, offering the same oncological radicality, but requiring an adequately experienced surgeon.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kolorektální nádory chirurgie sekundární MeSH
- laparoskopie * metody MeSH
- laparotomie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater * chirurgie diagnóza sekundární MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
