Aim: To report the development and psychometric testing of the Factors Affecting Patient Aggression Scale (the FAPAS), a new attitude scale constructed to measure nurses' perception of miscellaneous factors in terms of their potential to increase the risk of patient aggression against nurses. Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted according to the STROBE checklist. Data were collected using the FAPAS between November 2014 and May 2015. Registered nurses (n = 1,220) from nine teaching hospitals across Slovakia were included in the study. Construct validity and reliability of the instrument were tested using SPSS 18.0. Results: Resulting from the factor analysis, a six-factor structure was revealed. Six subscales representing specific groups of factors affecting patient aggression against nurses can be conditioned by Gender aspects, Situations of physical and emotional distress of a patient, Nurse-related factors, Factors of nursing shift organization, Patient-related factors, Factors of the nursing workplace environment. The Cronbach's alpha of the instrument was 0.91, ranging from 0.63 to 0.88 for subscales. Conclusion: Based on psychometric testing in the Slovak sociocultural context, the FAPAS showed acceptable reliability and construct validity and thus is considered a promising instrument for measuring nurses' perception of miscellaneous factors of patient aggression.

• MeSH
• agrese MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nebezpečné chování MeSH
• pacienti MeSH
• psychometrie metody   MeSH
• vztahy mezi ošetřovatelkou a pacientem * MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Úvod: Chronický, degeneratívny a progresívny charakter Parkinsonovej choroby (PD) sa odráža v životnej skúsenosti pacientov, pretože má vplyv aj na ich dôstojnosť. Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo zvýšiť porozumenie životnej skúsenosti pacientov s PD v ambulantnej starostlivosti a jej vplyvu na ich dôstojnosť. Metódy: Dizajn štúdie je exploratívny s využitím interpretatívno fenomenologickej analýzy (IPA). Semištruktúrované rozhovory sa uskutočnili s 11 participantmi s PD v období od februára do mája 2018. Rozhovory sa uskutočnili ako individuálne osobné rozhovory, v súkromí bez účasti rodinných príslušníkov podľa protokolu rozhovoru. Analýza údajov sa uskutočnila podľa procesu IPA s použitím programu ATLAS.ti 8.0. Výsledky: Naša štúdia identifikovala päť tém, ktoré odrážajú životnú skúsenosť pacientov s PD v ambulantnej starostlivosti: Ja a môj Parkinson: straty, akceptácia a koping; Potreba zostať sebestačný verzus obava zo závislosti; Ako ma vidia iní: opovrhnutie verzus prijatie; Nedostatok informácií verzus potreba byť informovaný; Nedostatok rešpektu verzus ústretový prístup zdravotníckych pracovníkov. Identifikovali sme ich vplyv na dôstojnosť pacientov, najmä v oblastiach týkajúcich sa autonómie, sebaúcty, vlastnej hodnoty, identity, rešpektu a uznania druhými ľudí. Záver: Pacienti s PD sú denne konfrontovaní s mnohými závažnými zmenami, ktoré výrazne ovplyvňujú ich dôstojnosť. Túto skutočnosť musia zdravotnícki pracovníci poznať a rešpektovať pri poskytovaní starostlivosti orientovanej na pacienta.

Introduction: The chronic, degenerative and progressive character of Parkinson's disease (PD) is reflected in the living experience of patients - and it also has an impact on their dignity. Aim: The aim of the study was to increase the understanding of the lived experience of outpatients with PD and its impact on their dignity. Methods: The study design is explorative using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Semi-structured interviews were held with 11 participants with PD between February-May 2018. Interviews were conducted as individual face-to-face interviews, in privacy with no involvement of family members according to the interview protocol. Data analysis was performed according to IPA process using the ATLAS.ti 8.0 program. Results: Our study identified five themes that reflect the lived experience of outpatients with PD: Me and my Parkinson's: losses, acceptance and coping; The Need to Remain Self-sufficient versus the Fear of Dependence; How Do Others See Me: Scorn versus Acceptance; Lack of Information versus the Need to Be Informed; Lack of Respect versus the Accommodating Approach of Healthcare Professionals. We discovered their impact on dignity, especially in the areas concerning autonomy, self-esteem, self-worth, identity, respect, and other people's appreciation. Conclusions: Patients with PD are confronted with many serious changes on a daily basis, which significantly influence their dignity. This fact must be known and respected by health care professionals when providing patient-oriented care.

Aim:To verify, based on clinical validation whether NANDA-I identified defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Acute Pain (00132) actually occurred in patients hospitalised in Intensive Care Units in Slovakia and the Czech Republic by means of the Clinical Diagnostic Validity Model. Design:Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis can be verified ifdefining characteristics created on the basis of conceptual analysis and validation by experts are confirmed by clinical data. Methods:We selected Fehring’s Clinical Diagnostic Validity Model as the method of clinical validation. Results:According to the values attained for Cohen’s kappa coefficient for 18 defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Acute Pain (00132)for both Slovakia and the Czech Republic, we can state that the experts agreed relatively fully only on one defining characteristic: Changes in Appetite. The attained coefficient value expresses absolute agreement among Slovak experts (1.00) and good agreement among Czech experts (0.86). Conclusion:Analysis and interpretation of the data obtained provides: information on clinically valid defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Acute Pain (00132) for Slovakia and the Czech Republic, information on the agreement between clinical conclusions of nurse-experts from Slovakia and the Czech Republic, and a comparison of the results between Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The study also contributes to the development ofnursing terminology.

• MeSH
• akutní bolest * diagnóza   MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ošetřovatelská diagnóza * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ověřování skutečnosti MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify the quality of life of patients with diabetic foot ulcers in the Visegrad countries. BACKGROUND: The diabetics with foot ulcers are principally evaluated on the basis of physical parameters, but this does not always reveal much about the patient's experience of life with ulceration. DESIGN: The cross-sectional study. METHODS: The standardised generic questionnaire World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF was used. The sample was made up of 525 participants and the calculations were performed using the IBM spss statistical program. RESULTS: The significant negative correlations between demographic data such as age, duration of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetic ulceration treatment and a lower level of quality of life were found across the sample. The statistically significant differences according to clinical characteristics such as Wagner classification, frequency of foot ulcers, present peripheral vascular disease and pain in terms of quality of life were also revealed. Significant differences of quality of life among Visegrad countries were revealed: Hungary's participants had a worse quality of life than others, while Slovak participants expressed lower satisfaction with their health than Czech. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics influence the quality of life of patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Significant differences between patients of Visegrad countries were found in all domains of quality of life: physical, psychological, social and environmental. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The quality of life of patients with diabetic foot ulcer reflects the conditions and healthcare system in each of the Visegrad countries. We have to respect socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics in nursing care. This could have an impact on managing patient care not only with regard to their diabetic foot ulcer but also with regard to the patient as a personality with their own problems in relation to physical, psychosocial and environmental conditions.

• MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ukazatele zdravotního stavu * MeSH
• vředy na noze (od hlezna dolů) epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Slovinsko MeSH

Aim: The goals of this paper were to identify level of hopelessness in pedopsychiatric patients, to compare differences in the level of hopelessness in a connection with sex, family background, drug abuse and the presence of comorbid disorder. We also determined the relation between hopelessness and age, disease duration and number of hospitalizations. Methods: The sample consisted of 96 children who suffered from mental disorder and who were hopitalized in the Clinic of Psychiatry JFMED CU and UHM in Martin. There were 44 girls and 52 boys in the sample and average age was 13.5 ± 3.0 years. Children hopelessness scale was used to measure the level of hopelessness. The used scale was not validated Slovak version of original scale. The score can range from 0 to 17 and the higher score means the higher level of hopelessness. Results: 34 % of hospitalized children showed medium level and 15 % children showed high level of hopelessness. There were non-significant results in hopelessness in a connection with sex, family background, drug abuse and also in a connection with presence of only one or more diagnosed disorders. The results indicated that there is also no relation between hopelessness and age, duration of disorder and number of hospitalizations. Conclusions: Hopelessness represents a serious nursing problem in pedopsychiatry because it is connected with potential risk behavior such as suicidal tendencies or self-mutilation behavior. In our research there were no correlations between hopelessness and other variables and hopelessness wasn´t influenced by duration of affection, age or number of hospitalizations. Independent nursing interventions focused on reduction of hopelessness can be potentially more effective than other interventions focused on deal with nursing diagnoses which are more connected with an affection of patient.

• MeSH
• dítě hospitalizované psychologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• duševně nemocní * psychologie   MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství hospitalizovaní psychologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• postižené děti * psychologie   MeSH
• psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

Cieľ: Cieľom výskumnej štúdie je identifikovať vybrané ukazovatele psychického zdravia, ako sú zmysel života, prežívanie pohody, nádeje, prítomnosti osamelosti a depresie, u seniorov absolvujúcich univerzitu tretieho veku vo vzťahu k ich pohlaviu, veku. Design: Práca má charakter kvantitatívnej štúdie. Metodika: Výber respondentov bol zámerný. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 147 seniorov s priemerným vekom 67,4 (± 4,9) roka zúčastnených na vzdelávaní na Univerzite tretieho veku Jesseniovej lekárskej fakulty Univerzity Komenského. Zber údajov bol realizovaný pomocou sebaposudzovacích škál – Škály životnej zmysluplnosti, Snyderovej škály nádeje, Škály emocionálnej habituálnej subjektívnej pohody, Škály osamelosti a Geriatrickej škály depresie. Výsledky: Seniori v priemere považovali svoj život za zmysluplný, vyjadrili vysokú mieru prežívania nádeje. Prevažovalo u nich prežívanie pozitívnych emócií nad negatívnymi. Identifikovali sme u nich prítomnosť nízkej miery osamelosti a nezistili sme prítomnosť depresívnej nálady. Medzi súborom žien a mužov sme identifikovali štatisticky významné rozdiely z hodnotených ukazovateľoch psychického zdravia iba pri frekvencii pozitívnych pocitov. Záver: Štúdia poukazuje na prítomnosť salutogénnych faktorov psychického zdravia v súbore seniorov v procese aktívneho starnutia. Výsledky môžu byť východiskom pre implementáciu preventívnych stratégií v klinickej ošetrovateľskej praxi.

Aim: The aim of the research study is to identify the selected indicators of mental health, such as meaning of life, experience of well-being, hope, and feelings of loneliness and depression in the elderly participating in the University of the Third Age, in relation to their age and gender. Design: A quantitative descriptive study. Methods: The selection of respondents was deliberate. The sample consisted of 147 seniors with a mean age of 67.4 (± 4.9) years enrolled at the University of the Third Age at Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University. Data were collected by means of self-assessment scales - the Life Meaningfulness Scale, Snyder´s Hope Scale, the Emotional Habitual Subjective Well-being Scale, the Loneliness Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Seniors considered their life meaningful, and expressed a high level of hope. Their emotions were predominately positive. We identified low levels of loneliness and found no indication of depressed mood. We identified significant differences between men and women in evaluation indicators of mental health only in the frequency of positive emotions. Conclusion: The study indicates the presence of salutogenic factors affecting the mental health of the sample of seniors in the process of active aging. The results could form the basis for implementing preventive strategies in clinical nursing practice.

• Klíčová slova
• univerzita třetího věku,
• MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• duševní zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osamocení MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí * psychologie   MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• výchova a vzdělávání MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Cieľ: Cieľom príspevku je prezentovať celoslovenskú výskumnú štúdiu so zameraním na identifikáciu výskytu a analýzu agresie pacientov voči sestrám realizovanú v rámci riešenia projektu VEGA 1/0217/13. Cieľom celonárodného projektu bolo zmapovať agresiu pacientov voči sestrám v slovenskej klinickej ošetrovateľskej praxi. V príspevku sa zameriavame najmä na opis priebehu riešenia projektu takéhoto rozsiahleho zamerania a s ním spojené problémy, najmä v konceptuálnej, prípravnej a empirickej fáze výskumu. Metódy: Metódou zberu údajov vo všetkých fakultných a univerzitných nemocniciach na Slovensku bol dotazník zameraný na výskyt, rizikové faktory, manažment agresie pacientov voči sestrám a postoj sestier, tvorený škálami VAPS, ATAS©, FAPAS a MAVAS-L. Výsledky: Výsledky získané na výskumnom súbore 1220 sestier sú databázou údajov o rozsahu problému, frekvencii výskytu, závažnosti, formách, súvislostiach s dôrazom na percepciu rizikových faktorov a manažmentu agresie pacientov. Zistili sme enormný výskyt agresie pacientov voči sestrám v našej praxi, dominanciu negatívnej percepcie agresie pacientov sestrami a prevahu biomedicínskeho chápania tohto javu vrátane preferencie tradičných reštriktívnych stratégií jeho manažmentu. Závery: Výsledky riešenia projektu môžu byť východiskom k etablovaniu programov prevencie a riešenia agresie v praxi a podkladom pre implementáciu problematiky do vzdelávania.

Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a nationwide research study focusing on identification and analysis of patient aggression against nurses realized within the project VEGA 1/0217/13. The aim of the project was to map patient aggression against nurses in Slovak clinical nursing practice. The article focuses on the description of the course of the project of such a broad focus and problems associated with it, particularly in the conceptual, empirical and preparatory research phase. Methods: The questionnaire focused on the incidence, risk factors, management of patient aggression against nurses and attitudes of nurses consisting of scales VAPS, ATAS©, FAPAS and MAVAS-L was used as data collection instrument in all faculty and university hospitals in Slovakia. Results: The results obtained by the research group of 1220 nurses represent a database on the extent of the problem, its frequency, severity, forms, and relations with emphasis on the perception of risk factors and management of patient aggression. We have found out an enormous incidence of patient aggression towards nurses in our practice, dominance of negative perception of patient aggression by nurses and predominance of biomedical understanding of this phenomenon, including preference of traditional restrictive strategies of its management. Conclusion: The results of the project may be a starting point to establish the programmes of prevention and management of aggression in practice and the basis for the implementation of the issue into education.

• MeSH
• agrese * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí MeSH
• pacienti MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• vztahy mezi ošetřovatelkou a pacientem * MeSH
• zdravotní sestry MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cieľ: Zistiť, ktoré spirituálne potreby sa vyskytujú u seniorov najčastejšie a ktoré považujú za najvýznamnejšie. Metódy: Súbor tvorilo 300 (117 mužov a 183 žien) seniorov žijúcich v domovoch sociálnych služieb. Použili sme Dotazník spirituálnych potrieb, ktorým respondenti hodnotili prítomnosť/neprítomnosť 29 spirituálnych potrieb. V prípade ich výskytu zároveň hodnotili aj ich dôležitosť na škále od 1 – málo dôležitá po 4- extrémne dôležitá. Spirituálne potreby sú rozdelené do 7 domén spirituality. Výsledky: Najčastejšie sa u seniorov vyskytovala potreba Byť vďačný z domény Pozitívnosť/vďačnosť/nádej. Táto potreba sa vyskytovala takmer u 93 % seniorov. Najmenej sa u seniorov vyskytovali potreby Hovoriť s niekým o smrti a umieraní (45% seniorov) a Vyjadriť obavy týkajúce sa života po smrti (43% seniorov) obe z domény Vyriešenie, smrť. V priemere najdôležitejšia spirituálna potreba bola Mať niekoho s kým by ste sa modlili alebo by sa modlil za Vás (2,90 ± 0,93) z domény Božstvo a v priemere najmenej dôležitá bola spirituálna potreba Žiť morálnym životom (1,90 ± 0,80) z domény Morálka a etika. Záver: Seniori žijúci v komunitných zariadeniach majú špecifické psychosociálne a spirituálne potreby, ktoré vo väčšine prípadov zostávajú nerozpoznané a preto nemôžu byť riešené. Adekvátna ošetrovateľská starostlivosť o seniorov sa nemôže zameriavať len na problémy spojené so znižovaním funkčnej kapacity starších ľudí, ale musí v istej miere reflektovať aj spirituálnu oblasť života seniorov.

Aim: The aim of study was to determine spiritual needs of elderly living in social retirements homes and to determine how those needs are important to them. Methods: The study group consisted of 300 (117 men and 183 women) elders living in social retirements homes. We used a spiritual needs survey. Respondents evaluated to the presence or absence of 29 spiritual needs in their life in recent years. At the same time they evaluated the importance of the present spiritual needs on a scale from 1 – 4. 1 means few important and 4 means extremely important. Spiritual needs are divided into seven domains of spirituality. Results: The most frequently need was „to be thankful or grateful“ from spiritual domain positivity/gratitude/hope/peace. This need was present in nearly 93% of elders. The needs which occured least were „to talk to someone about death and dying“ (45% of elders) and „to address concerns about life after death“ (43% of elders) both of the domains resolution/death. The most important spiritual need was „to have someone pray with or for you“ (2.90 ± 0.93) from the domain divine and the least important was the need „to live an ethical and moral life“ (1.90 ± 0.80 ) from the domain morality and ethics. Conclusion: Elders living in community settings have specific psychosocial and spiritual needs, which in most cases remain undetected and therefore can not be addressed. Adequate nursing care for the elderly can not only focus on the problems associated with the reduction of the functional capacity of older people, but it has to some extent reflect the spiritual aspect of life of elders.

• Klíčová slova
• duchovní potřeby,
• MeSH
• domovy pro seniory MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spiritualita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť skúsenosť sestier z lôžkových oddelení vybraných nemocníc vo všetkých regiónoch Slovenska s agresiou hospitalizovaných pacientov v období posledného roka. Design: Práca má charakter kvantitatívnej prierezovej štúdie. Metodika: Výskumný súbor tvorilo 1 042 sestier s priemernou dĺžkou praxe 19,23 (± 10,96) rokov, z chirurgických, internistických, psychiatrických pracovísk a pracovísk intenzívnej starostlivosti. Zber údajov bol realizovaný pomocou sebaposudzovacej škály Výskyt Agresie Pacientov voči Sestrám (VAPS). Výsledky: V období posledného roka bolo konfrontovaných s agresiou pacientov 97,4 % sestier. So slovnou agresiou malo skúsenosť 96,8 % sestier a s telesnou agresiou 83,3 % sestier. Najčastejšiu skúsenosť s agresiou pacientov mali sestry pracujúce na pracoviskách psychiatrie a intenzívnej starostlivosti. Štatisticky významný rozdiel bol vo výskyte agresie pacientov voči sestrám na základe prevádzky. Sestry pracujúce vo viacsmennej prevádzke uvádzali vyššiu frekvenciu výskytu agresie pacientov oproti sestrám v jednosmennej prevádzke. Nepotvrdil sa štatisticky významný vzťah medzi vekom, dĺžkou praxe, vzdelaním sestier a ich skúsenosťou s agresiou pacientov. Záver: Štúdia poukazuje na skúsenosti sestier s rôznymi formami agresie pacientov, poskytuje dôkazy o aktuálnosti problému. Výsledky môžu byť východiskom pre systematické hodnotenie faktorov vzniku a manažment agresie. Implementácia preventívnych stratégií v klinickej praxi je nevyhnutná.

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the experience of staff nurses from selected hospitals in all regions of Slovakia of inpatient aggression in their past year of practice. Design: A quantitative cross-sectional study. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,042 nurses with a mean number of years of work experience of 19.23 (SD 10.96) from medical, surgical, and psychiatric wards, and emergency and intensive care units. Data collection was conducted by the self-reference instrument, the Violence and Aggression of Patients Scale (VAPS). Results: Over the past year, 97.4% of nurses have been confronted with patient aggression. 96.8% of nurses have experienced verbal aggression and 83.3% physical aggression. Nurses working in psychiatric and intensive care wards have experienced the most frequent episodes of patient aggression. A statistically significant difference was confirmed in the prevalence of patient aggression towards nurses based on their pattern of shift work. Nurses working in multiple-shift operation reported a higher frequency of patient aggression compared with those working singleshifts. The relationship between age, years of work experience, and level of education, and experience of patient aggression was not proved to be significant. Conclusion: The study highlights nurses’ experience of different forms of patient aggression and provides confirmation of the current relevance of this issue. The results may become the basis for a systematic evaluation of the caus

• MeSH
• agrese * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pacienti hospitalizovaní MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• zdravotní sestry * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with complex neurocardiac integrity. We aimed to study heart rate time asymmetry as a nonlinear qualitative feature of heart rate variability indicating complexity of cardiac autonomic control at rest and in response to physiological stress (orthostasis) in children suffering from ADHD. Twenty boys with ADHD and 20 healthy age-matched boys at the age of 8 to 12 years were examined. The continuous ECG was recorded in a supine position and during postural change from lying to standing (orthostasis). Time irreversibility indices - Porta's (P%), Guzik's (G%) and Ehlers' (E) - were evaluated. Our analysis showed significantly reduced heart rate asymmetry indices at rest (P%: 49.8 % vs. 52.2 %; G%: 50.2 % vs. 53.2 %; p<0.02), and in response to orthostatic load (P%: 52.4 % vs. 54.5 %, G%: 52.3 % vs. 54.5 %; p<0.05) associated with tachycardia in ADHD children compared to controls. Concluding, our study firstly revealed the altered heart rate asymmetry pattern in children suffering from ADHD at rest as well as in response to posture change from lying to standing (orthostasis). These findings might reflect an abnormal complex cardiac regulatory system as a potential mechanism leading to later cardiac adverse outcomes in ADHD.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hyperkinetická porucha patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• postura těla MeSH
• srdce patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH