BACKGROUND: Excess fluid in the interstitium can adversely affect the microcirculation. We studied how gradual dilution of the blood plasma by crystalloid fluid influences microcirculatory variables and capillary filtration in 20 patients undergoing surgery. METHODS: Video recordings of the sublingual mucosal were made on four occasions during the surgery and compared with quasi-measurements of the capillary filtration rate using retrospective volume kinetic data collected over 5-10-minute periods during 262 infusion experiments with crystalloid fluid. RESULTS: The number of crossings (vessel density) increased up to plasma dilution of 15-20 % whereafter it decreased. The proportion of the vessels that were perfused (PPV) decreased and reached a nadir of -15 % at a dilution of 20-30 %. Changes in the number of crossings and the PPV correlated (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) but the curve was displaced so that crossings showed no change when PPV had decreased by approximately 10 %. However, the PPV of vessels with a thickness of ≤25 μm increased or remained constant in the dilution range of up to 20 %. The volume kinetic analysis showed that the capillary filtration was greater than expected from proportionality with the volume expansion up to a plasma dilution of 15 %, the greatest difference (+89 %) being for plasma dilution up to 5 %. CONCLUSION: Plasma dilution of up to 15 % increased the vessel density, and the capillary filtration increased by more than suggested by the volume expansion. Dilution >15 % had a negative influence on these variables.
- MeSH
- audiovizuální záznam MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hemodiluce * MeSH
- isotonické roztoky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kapilární permeabilita MeSH
- kapiláry patofyziologie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- krystaloidní roztoky * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrocirkulace * MeSH
- regionální krevní průtok MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rychlost toku krve MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ústní sliznice krevní zásobení MeSH
- ústní spodina krevní zásobení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Rivastigmine is a pseudo-irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used for therapy of Alzheimer's disease and non-Alzheimer dementia syndromes. In humans, rivastigmine can cause significant gastrointestinal side effects that can limit its clinical use. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of rivastigmine on gastric motor function by means of electrogastrography (EGG) in experimental pigs. METHODS: Six experimental adult female pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica, hybrids of Czech White and Landrace breeds; 3-month-old; mean weight 30.7 ± 1.2 kg) were enrolled into the study twice and created two experimental groups. In group A, a single intragastric dose of 6 mg rivastigmine hydrogen tartate was administered in the morning to fasting pigs before EGG recording. In group B, rivastigmine was administered to overnight fasting animals in a dietary bolus in the morning for 7 days (6 mg per day). On day 8, an intragastric dose of 12 mg rivastigmine was given in the morning to fasting pigs before EGG. EGG recording was accomplished by means of an EGG standalone system. Recordings from both groups were evaluated in dominant frequency and EGG power (areas of amplitudes). RESULTS: In total, 1,980 one-minute EGG intervals were evaluated. In group A, basal EGG power (median 1290.5; interquartile range 736.5-2330 μV2) was significantly higher in comparison with the power of intervals T6 (882; 577-1375; p = 0.001) and T10 (992.5; 385-2859; p = 0.032). In group B, the dominant frequency increased significantly from basal values (1.97 ± 1.57 cycles per minute) to intervals T9 (3.26 ± 2.16; p < 0.001) and T10 (2.14 ± 1.16; p = 0.012), respectively. In group B, basal EGG power (median 1030.5; interquartile range 549-5093) was significantly higher in comparison with the power of intervals T7 (692.5; 434-1476; p = 0.002) and T8 (799; 435-1463 μV2; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Both single as well as repeated intragastric administration of rivastigmine hydrogen tartrate caused a significant decrease of EGG power (areas of amplitudes) in experimental pigs. EGG power may serve as an indirect indicator of gastric motor competence. These findings might provide a possible explanation of rivastigmine-associated dyspepsia in humans.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc * MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory farmakologie MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- fenylkarbamáty farmakologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rivastigmin farmakologie MeSH
- žaludek * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Úvod: Téměř všechny preklinické studie u experimentálních prasat je třeba provádět v celkové anestezii. Ketamin je běžně používán jako úvod do anestezie. Avšak dosud nezodpovězenou otázkou je, zda ketamin, antagonista NMDA-receptorů, ovlivňuje motorické funkce žaludku. Cílem této práce bylo vyšetřit žaludeční myoelektrickou aktivitu prasete metodou elektrogastrografie (EGG). Metody: Do studie bylo zařazeno 17 samic Sus scrofa f. domestica (průměrná hmotnost 36,2 ± 3,8 kg). Pro úvod do anestezie byla použita různá léčiva: skupina A (n = 5): medetomidin 0,1 mg/kg i. m.; butorfanol 0,3 mg/kg i. m.; midazolam 0,3 mg/kg i. m.; skupina B (n = 6): azaperon 2,2 mg/kg i. m.; skupina C (n = 6): ketamin 20 mg/kg i. m.; azaperon 2,2 mg/kg i. m. Celková anestezie ve všech skupinách pokračovala podáváním 1% propofolu (opakované 1ml bolusy, celkem 10–12 ml i.v.). Záznam EGG začal za 15 min. po úvodu do anestezie a trval 30 min. Výsledky byly vyhodnoceny jako dominantní frekvence pomalých žaludečních vln (DF) a plochy pod křivkou (EGG power). Výsledky: Celkem bylo vyhodnoceno 510 jednominutových EGG intervalů (každý dvakrát: DF a power). DF byly (průměr ± směrodatná odchylka): 1,4 ± 0,4 (skupina A), 1,3 ± 0,3 (skupina B) a 0,2 ± 0,1 cykly/min. (skupina C). Rozdíly mezi skupinou C a skupinami A a B byly statisticky významné (p < 0,001). Mediány ploch pod křivkou (IQR) byly: 0,13 (0,02–0,44; skupina A); 0,13 (0,03–0,54; skupina B) a 0,30 V2 (0,07–1,44; skupina C). Rozdíl mezi skupinami A a C byl na hranici statistické významnosti (p = 0,066; chyba 2. typu beta 0,295). Závěry: Ketamin, a to i v jedné intramuskulární dávce, ovlivňuje myoelektrické funkce žaludku prasete. Proto by neměl být používán v preklinických studiích gastrointestinální motility experimentálních prasat.
Introduction: Preclinical studies in experimental pigs are carried out mostly under general anaesthesia. Ketamine is commonly used for induction of anaesthesia. However, there are concerns that ketamine, an NMDA-receptor antagonist, may influence gastric motor function. The aim of this study was to investigate porcine gastric myoelectric activity by means of electrogastrography (EGG). Methods: Seventeen female animals (mean weight 36.2±3.8 kg) were enrolled. Drugs used for induction of anaesthesia were: Group A (n=5): medetomidine 0.1 mg/kg i. m.; butorphanol 0.3 mg/kg i. m.; midazolam 0.3 mg/kg i. m.; Group B (n=6): azaperon 2.2 mg/kg i. m.; Group C (n=6): ketamine 20 mg/kg i. m.; azaperon 2.2 mg/kg i. m., followed in all groups by i.v. 1% propofol (repeated one-mL boluses, 10–12 mL in total). EGG recording started 15 min. after the induction administration and lasted 30 min. Results were evaluated as the dominant frequency of gastric slow waves (DF) and EGG power (areas of amplitudes). Results: In total, 510 one-minute EGG intervals were assessed. DFs were (mean ± standard deviation): 1.4±0.4 (Group A), 1.3±0.3 (Group B) and 0.2±0.1 cycles per min. (Group C). The differences between group C and groups A and B were statistically significant (p<0.001). Median power (IQR) was 0.13 (0.02–0.44; Group A), 0.13 (0.03–0.54; Group B) and 0.30 V2 (0.07–1.44; Group C). The difference between groups A and C was of borderline significance (p=0.066; type 2 error beta 0.295). Conclusions: Ketamine, administered even in a single intramuscular dose, affected myoelectric function of the porcine stomach. Therefore, it should be avoided in gastrointestinal motility studies in experimental pigs.
INTRODUCTION: The inflammatory process in Crohn's disease (CD) is closely associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant enzymes can play an important role in the outcome of CD and may influence postoperative recurrence in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate gene expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes in surgically resected intestinal specimens of patients with CD, both in macroscopically normal and in inflamed tissue. METHODS: A total of 28 patients referred for elective bowel resection were enrolled in the study. Full-thickness small intestinal specimens were investigated. Gene expression of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSR) - was evaluated both in macroscopically normal and inflamed samples. RESULTS: There were significantly lower levels of SOD1 mRNA (p = 0.007) and GSR mRNA (p = 0.027) in inflamed tissue compared to macroscopically normal areas. No significant differences were found between affected and non-affected intestinal segments in mRNA for SOD2, SOD3 and GPX. CONCLUSIONS: Our pilot data clearly showed that the gene expression of major antioxidant enzymes is not a uniform mechanism in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Topically decreased gene expression of SOD1 and GSR might facilitate the segmental tissue injury caused by reactive oxygen species.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia * MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu * MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- střeva MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa 1 * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Galantamine has been used as a treatment for Alzheimer disease. It has a unique, dual mode of action (inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors). Nausea (in about 20%), vomiting (10%) and diarrhoea (5-7%) are the most common side effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of galantamine on porcine gastric myoelectric activity without (Group A) and with (Group B) dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced gastrointestinal injury. Galantamine hydrobromide was administrated to twelve pigs as a single intragastric dose (24 mg). Gastric myoelectric activity was investigated by electrogastrography (EGG). Basal (15 min before galantamine administration) and study recordings after galantamine administration (300 min) were evaluated using a running spectral analysis. Results were expressed as dominant frequency of gastric slow waves and power analysis (areas of amplitudes). Altogether, 3780 one-minute EGG recordings were evaluated. In Group A, power was steady from basal values for 180 min, then gradually decreased till 270 min (p = 0.007). In Group B, there was a rapid gradual fall from basal values to those after 120 min (p = 0.007) till 300 min (p ˂ 0.001). In conclusion, galantamine alone revealed an unfavourable effect on porcine myoelectric activity assessed by gastric power. It can be a plausible explanation of galantamine-associated dyspepsia in humans. DSS caused further profound decrease of EGG power. That may indicate that underlying inflammatory, ischaemic or NSAIDs-induced condition of the intestine in humans can have aggravated the effect of galantamine on gastric myoelectric activity.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Gastrointestinal side effects of donepezil, including dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, occur in 20-30% of patients. The pathogenesis of these dysmotility associated disorders has not been fully clarified yet. Pharmacokinetic parameters of donepezil and its active metabolite 6-O-desmethyldonepezil were investigated in experimental pigs with and without small intestinal injury induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Morphological features of this injury were evaluated by a video capsule endoscopy. The effect of a single and repeated doses of donepezil on gastric myoelectric activity was assessed. Both DSS-induced small intestinal injury and prolonged small intestinal transit time caused higher plasma concentrations of donepezil in experimental pigs. This has an important implication for clinical practice in humans, with a need to reduce doses of the drug if an underlying gastrointestinal disease is present. Donepezil had an undesirable impact on porcine myoelectric activity. This effect was further aggravated by DSS-induced small intestinal injury. These findings can explain donepezil-associated dyspepsia in humans.
- MeSH
- donepezil chemie farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt účinky léků patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- indany metabolismus MeSH
- kapslová endoskopie MeSH
- metabolom * účinky léků MeSH
- migrující myoelektrický komplex * účinky léků MeSH
- piperidiny metabolismus MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- síran dextranu MeSH
- žaludek účinky léků patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Souhrn: Úvod: Systémová sklerodermie (SSc – systemic sclerosis) je autoimunitní onemocnění s chronickým progresivním průběhem. Patogeneze SSc je charakterizována zánětem, vaskulopatií a fibrózou. Mezi nejčastěji postižené orgány patří gastrointestinální trakt, a to až u 90 % nemocných. Klinické projevy jsou spojeny s dysmotilitou všech částí gastrointestinálního traktu, vč. žaludku. Elektrogastrografie (EGG) je neinvazivní metoda pro vyšetření žaludeční myoeletrické aktivity. Cíl: Cílem této prospektivní studie bylo podrobně posoudit EGG u SSc, vč. analýzy jednominutových intervalů a plochy amplitud. Metoda: Do studie bylo zařazeno 33 pacientů splňujících klasifikační kritéria SSc podle ACR/EULAR (5 mužů, 28 žen; průměrný věk 60 let). Pacienti byli rozděleni na klinické podskupiny: difúzní kožní forma SSc (dSSc) (n = 17), limitovaná kožní forma (lSSc) (n = 13) a ostatní (n = 3). Žaludeční myoelektrická aktivita byla vyšetřována pomocí EGG (MMS, Enschede, Nizozemsko). Výsledky: Celkem bylo vyhodnoceno 855 jednominutových intervalů EGG, u každého z nich byla hodnocena dominantní frekvence a posouzena plocha amplitud. Pouze jeden pacient měl plně normální EGG záznam. U většiny pacientů se EGG vyznačovala bradygastrií (17 pacientů) nebo žaludeční arytmií s převahou bradygastrie (6 pacientů). Postprandiální plocha amplitud se výrazně snížila ve srovnání s hodnotami nalačno. Poměr ploch amplitud po jídle: před jídlem byl ve všech intervalech nízký. Závěr: Bradygastrie a postprandiální snížení plochy amplitud byly nejcharakterističtějšími nálezy. Tyto změny byly obzvlášť vyjádřené u skupiny dSSc.
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with a chronic progressive course. Inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of SSc. Gastrointestinal tract belongs to the most commonly affected organ systems and its involvement can be observed in up to 90% of individuals. Clinical manifestations are associated with dysmotility of all segments of the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach. Electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive method used for the assessment of gastric myoelectrical activity. Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate EGG in SSc patients in detail, including the analysis of one-minute intervals and assessment of EGG power. Method: The study included 33 patients that fulfilled SSc ACR/EULAR classification criteria (5 men, 28 women; mean age 60 years). Patients suffered from a diffuse cutaneous form of SSc (dSSc) (N = 17), limited cutaneous form (lSSc) (N = 13) or they belonged to other subgroups (N = 3). The gastric myoelectric activity was investigated by means of an EGG Stand (MMS, Enschede, The Netherlands). Results: Altogether 855 one-minute EGG intervals were evaluated, each one of them in dominant frequency, power and power ratio. Only one patient had a completely normal EGG. The EGG of most patients showed bradygastria (17 subjects) or gastric arrhythmia with a predominance of bradygastria (6 patients). The postprandial power decreased significantly. The power ratio was low in all intervals. Conclusion: Bradygastria and the postprandial decrease of power were the most characteristic features. These findings were confirmed especially in dSSc subgroup.
- Klíčová slova
- elektrogastrografie,
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky gastrointestinální MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektrodiagnostika * metody MeSH
- gastrointestinální motilita fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- migrující myoelektrický komplex MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- systémová sklerodermie * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Aim: To see if there is a statistically significant difference in the assessment of quality of life for Crohn's disease patients found in relapse or remission with the population norm. Methods: The quantitative research investigation was conducted using the general WHOQOL-BREF quality of life questionnaire and the Best Index for evaluating the clinical activity of the disease. The investigation was conducted from March 2017 to August 2019 in 121 Crohn's disease patients monitored in a gastroenterological ambulance or biotherapy center. Results: Based on the test hypothesis, a statistically significant difference in quality of life rating between the population norm and relapse sufferers in all domains of concern except the social relationship domain was confirmed. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in quality of life assessment between the population norm and patients in remission in the physical health domain, the environment domain and health satisfaction was confirmed. Conclusion: The results showed that the measured values using the general questionnaire were always lower for respondents in relapse than for those in remission. Comparing patients' quality of life in relapse/remission to the population norm shows the smallest difference in quality of life assessment for those in remission. Almost identical results were found in the domain of mental health, social relationships and overall quality of life.
Analysis of Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a re-discovered approach to monitoring the course of the disease and reduce invasive methods of patient investigation. However, the major disadvantage and shortcoming of the EBC is lack of reliable and reproducible standardization of the method. Despite many articles published on EBC, until now there is no clear consensus on whether the analysis of EBC can provide a clue to diagnosis of the diseases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate our own method, to search for possible standardization and to obtain our own initial experience. Thirty healthy volunteers provided the EBC, in which we monitored the density, pH, protein, chloride and urea concentration. Our results show that EBC pH is influenced by smoking, and urea concentrations are affected by the gender of subjects. Age of subjects does not play a role. The smallest coefficient of variation between individual volunteers is for density determination. Current limitations of EBC measurements are the low concentration of many biomarkers. Standardization needs to be specific for each individual biomarker, with focusing on optimal condensate collection. EBC analysis has a potential become diagnostic test, not only for lung diseases.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza metabolismus MeSH
- chloridy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- dechové testy metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kouření metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- močovina analýza metabolismus MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- proteiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- referenční standardy MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
