Transcription factors exert their regulatory potential on RNA polymerase II machinery through a multiprotein complex called Mediator complex or Mediator. The Mediator complex integrates regulatory signals from cell regulatory cascades with the regulation by transcription factors. The Mediator complex consists of 25 subunits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 30 or more subunits in multicellular eukaryotes. Mediator subunit 28 (MED28), along with MED30, MED23, MED25 and MED26, belong to presumably evolutionarily new subunits that seem to be absent in unicellular eukaryotes and are likely to have evolved together with multicellularity and cell differentiation. Previously, we have shown that an originally uncharacterized predicted gene, F28F8.5, is the true MED28 orthologue in Caenorhabditis elegans (mdt-28) and showed that it is involved in a spectrum of developmental processes. Here, we studied the proteomic interactome of MDT-28 edited as GFP::MDT-28 using Crispr/Cas9 technology or MDT-28::GFP expressed from extrachromosomal arrays in transgenic C. elegans exploiting the GFPTRAP system and mass spectrometry. The results show that MDT-28 associates with the Head module subunits MDT-6, MDT-8, MDT-11, MDT-17, MDT- 20, MDT-22, and MDT-30 and the Middle module subunit MDT-14. The analyses also identified additional proteins as preferential MDT-28 interactants, including chromatin-organizing proteins, structural proteins and enzymes. The results provide evidence for MDT-28 engagement in the Mediator Head module and support the possibility of physical (direct or indirect) interaction of MDT-28 with additional proteins, reflecting the transcription-regulating potential of primarily structural and enzymatic proteins at the level of the Mediator complex.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• mediátorový komplex metabolismus   MeSH
• podjednotky proteinů metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mediator is a multiprotein complex that connects regulation mediated by transcription factors with RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery and integrates signals from the cell regulatory cascades with gene expression. One of the Mediator subunits, Mediator complex subunit 28 (MED28), has a dual nuclear and cytoplasmic localization and function. In the nucleus, MED28 functions as part of Mediator and in the cytoplasm, it interacts with cytoskeletal proteins and is part of the regulatory cascades including that of Grb2. MED28 thus has the potential to bring cytoplasmic regulatory interactions towards the centre of gene expression regulation. In this study, we identified MDT-28, the nematode orthologue of MED28, as a likely target of lysine acetylation using bioinformatic prediction of posttranslational modifications. Lysine acetylation was experimentally confirmed using anti-acetyl lysine antibody on immunoprecipitated GFP::MDT-28 expressed in synchronized C. elegans. Valproic acid (VPA), a known inhibitor of lysine deacetylases, enhanced the lysine acetylation of GFP::MDT-28. At the subcellular level, VPA decreased the nuclear localization of GFP::MDT-28 detected by fluorescencelifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). This indicates that the nuclear pool of MDT-28 is regulated by a mechanism sensitive to VPA and provides an indirect support for a variable relative proportion of MED28 orthologues with other Mediator subunits.

• MeSH
• acetylace MeSH
• buněčné jádro účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• denzitometrie MeSH
• jaderné proteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina valproová farmakologie   MeSH
• larva účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lysin metabolismus   MeSH
• mediátorový komplex chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rekombinantní fúzní proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční homologie aminokyselin * MeSH
• transport proteinů účinky léků   MeSH
• výpočetní biologie MeSH
• zelené fluorescenční proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

ALKB-8 is a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase homologous to bacterial AlkB, which oxidatively demethylates DNA substrates. The mammalian AlkB family contains AlkB homologues denominated ALKBH1 to 8 and FTO. The C. elegans genome includes five AlkB-related genes, homologues of ALKBH1, 4, 6, 7, and 8, but lacks homologues of ALKBH2, 3, and 5 and FTO. ALKBH8 orthologues differ from other AlkB family members by possessing an additional methyltransferase module and an RNA binding N-terminal module. The ALKBH8 methyltransferase domain generates the wobble nucleoside 5-methoxycarbonylmethyluridine from its precursor 5-carboxymethyluridine and its (R)- and (S)-5-methoxycarbonylhydroxymethyluridine hydroxylated forms in tRNA Arg/UCG and tRNA Gly/UCC. The ALKBH8/ALKB-8 methyltransferase domain is highly similar to yeast TRM9, which selectively modulates translation of mRNAs enriched with AGA and GAA codons under both normal and stress conditions. In this report, we studied the role of alkb-8 in C. elegans. We show that downregulation of alkb-8 increases detection of lysosome-related organelles visualized by Nile red in vivo. Reversely, forced expression of alkb-8 strongly decreases the detection of this compartment. In addition, overexpression of alkb-8 applied in a pulse during the L1 larval stage increases the C. elegans lifespan.

• MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans embryologie   enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• dioxygenasy metabolismus   MeSH
• dlouhověkost MeSH
• down regulace genetika   MeSH
• embryo nesavčí metabolismus   MeSH
• geneticky modifikovaná zvířata MeSH
• kyseliny ketoglutarové metabolismus   MeSH
• larva metabolismus   MeSH
• lyzozomy metabolismus   MeSH
• methyltransferasy metabolismus   MeSH
• operon MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• S-adenosylmethionin metabolismus   MeSH
• stárnutí metabolismus   MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
• zelené fluorescenční proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Production of thyroid hormone is precisely regulated in a negative feed-back mechanism that depends critically on thyroid hormone receptor β (TRβ). This mechanism decreases production of thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH) and thyrotropin (TSH) in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in response to high levels of circulating thyroid hormones (TH). Despite the wealth of accumulated knowledge, it is still not clear how exactly this negative regulation is executed. The syndrome of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), in which the levels of TH are not properly sensed, represents naturally occurring situations in which molecular components of this regulation are displayed and may be uncovered. TRβ, which is central to this regulation, is in the majority of RTH cases mutated in a way that preserves some functions of the receptor. Approximately 150 different mutations in TRβ have been identified to date. Here, we hypothesized that additional pathogenic mutations in TRβ are likely to exist in human population and analysed clinical cases with suspected RTH. In keeping with our prediction, analysis of 17 patients from nine families led to identification of four presumed pathogenic mutations of TRβ, including a previously unknown mutation, T273R. This suggests that threonine 273 is likely to be critical for the normal function of TRβ, possibly due to its role in helix 12 mobility and interaction with coactivators, and thus supports the concept that TRβ-dependent trans-activating function is necessary for the inhibition of TRH and TSH expression in response to elevated levels of TH.

• MeSH
• hormon uvolňující thyreotropin metabolismus   MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy metabolismus   MeSH
• hypothalamus metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• thyreotropin metabolismus   MeSH
• tyreoidální hormony, receptory beta genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The prorenin receptor (ATP6AP2) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein; it is a constituent of proton-translocating V-ATPase, a non-proteolytic activator of renin and an adaptor in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we studied vha-20, one of the two prorenin receptor homologues that are identified by sequence similarity in the C. elegans genome. We show that vha-20 (R03E1.2) is prominently expressed in the intestine, in the excretory cell and in amphid neurons, tissues critical for regulation of ion and water management. The expression of vha-20 in the intestine is dependent on NHR-31, a nuclear receptor related to HNF4. VHA-20 is indispensable for normal larval development, acidification of the intestine, and is required for nutrient uptake. Inhibition of vha-20 by RNAi leads to complex deterioration of water and pH gradients at the level of the whole organism including distention of pseudocoelome cavity. This suggests new roles of prorenin receptor in the regulation of body ion and water management and in acidification of intestinal lumen in nematodes.

• MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans fyziologie   MeSH
• homeostáza fyziologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• larva fyziologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• transkriptom MeSH
• vakuolární protonové ATPasy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• voda metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans * MeSH
• cystathionin-beta-synthasa * MeSH
• cysteinsynthasa * MeSH
• homocystein MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans MeSH
• regulace genové exprese enzymů MeSH
• sulfan * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Nuclear receptors (NRs), or nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs), are transcription factors that regulate development and metabolism of most if not all animal species. Their regulatory networks include conserved mechanisms that are shared in-between species as well as mechanisms that are restricted to certain phyla or even species. In search for conserved members of the NHR family in Schmidtea mediterranea, we identified a molecular signature of a class of NRs, NR2E1, in the S. mediterranea genome and cloned its complete cDNA coding sequence. The derived amino acid sequence shows a high degree of conservation of both DNA-binding domain and ligand- binding domain and a remarkably high homology to vertebrate NR2E1 and C. elegans NHR-67. Quantitative PCR detected approximately ten-fold higher expression of Smed-tlx-1 in the proximal part of the head compared to the tail region. The expression of Smed-tlx-1 is higher during fed state than during fasting. Smed-tlx-1 down-regulation by RNA interference affects the ability of the animals to maintain body plan and induces defects of brain, eyes and body shape during fasting and re-growing cycles. These results suggest that SMED-TLX-1 is critical for tissue and body plan maintenance in planaria.

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• klonování DNA MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy fyziologie   MeSH
• orgánová specificita genetika   MeSH
• proteiny červů genetika   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární genetika   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• RNA interference MeSH
• rozvržení tělního plánu genetika   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   MeSH
• Turbellaria embryologie   fyziologie   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

Caenorhabditis elegans has an unexpectedly large number (284) of genes encoding nuclear hormone receptors, most of which are nematode-specific and are of unknown function. We have exploited comparative two-dimensional chromatography of synchronized cultures of wild type C. elegans larvae and a mutant in nhr-40 to determine if proteomic approaches will provide additional insight into gene function. Chromatofocusing, followed by reversed-phase chromatography and mass spectrometry, identified altered chromatographic patterns for a set of proteins, many of which function in muscle and metabolism. Prompted by the proteomic analysis, we find that the penetrance of the developmental phenotypes in the mutant is enhanced at low temperatures and by food restriction. The combination of our phenotypic and proteomic analysis strongly suggests that NHR-40 provides a link between metabolism and muscle development. Our results highlight the utility of comparative two-dimensional chromatography to provide a relatively rapid method to gain insight into gene function.

• MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteom analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární fyziologie   genetika   MeSH
• vývoj svalů genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

• MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• dominantní geny MeSH
• embryo nesavčí cytologie   embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• geny helmintů genetika   MeSH
• larva metabolismus   MeSH
• protein - isoformy genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny Caenorhabditis elegans genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• specificita protilátek MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH