Despite significant improvement in the survival of pediatric patients with cancer, treatment outcomes for high-risk, relapsed, and refractory cancers remain unsatisfactory. Moreover, prolonged survival is frequently associated with long-term adverse effects due to intensive multimodal treatments. Accelerating the progress of pediatric oncology requires both therapeutic advances and strategies to mitigate the long-term cytotoxic side effects, potentially through targeting specific molecular drivers of pediatric malignancies. In this report, we present the results of integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling of 230 patients with malignant solid tumors (the "primary cohort") and 18 patients with recurrent or otherwise difficult-to-treat nonmalignant conditions (the "secondary cohort"). The integrative workflow for the primary cohort enabled the identification of clinically significant single nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions, and fusion genes, which were found in 55% and 28% of patients, respectively. For 38% of patients, molecularly informed treatment recommendations were made. In the secondary cohort, known or potentially driving alteration was detected in 89% of cases, including a suspected novel causal gene for patients with inclusion body infantile digital fibromatosis. Furthermore, 47% of findings also brought therapeutic implications for subsequent management. Across both cohorts, changes or refinements to the original histopathological diagnoses were achieved in 4% of cases. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of integrating advanced genomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify therapeutic targets, refine diagnoses, and optimize treatment strategies for challenging pediatric and young adult malignancies and underscores the need for broad implementation of precision oncology in clinical settings.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- genomika * metody MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína * metody MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lékařská onkologie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory * genetika terapie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A lot of hope for high-risk cancers is being pinned on immunotherapy but the evidence in children is lacking due to the rarity and limited efficacy of single-agent approaches. Here, we aim to assess the effectiveness of multimodal therapy comprising a personalized dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in children with relapsed and/or high-risk solid tumors using the N-of-1 approach in real-world scenario. A total of 160 evaluable events occurred in 48 patients during the 4-year follow-up. Overall survival of the cohort was 7.03 years. Disease control after vaccination was achieved in 53.8% patients. Comparative survival analysis showed the beneficial effect of DC vaccine beyond 2 years from initial diagnosis (HR = 0.53, P = .048) or in patients with disease control (HR = 0.16, P = .00053). A trend for synergistic effect with metronomic cyclophosphamide and/or vinblastine was indicated (HR = 0.60 P = .225). A strong synergistic effect was found for immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) after priming with the DC vaccine (HR = 0.40, P = .0047). In conclusion, the personalized DC vaccine was an effective component in the multimodal individualized treatment. Personalized DC vaccine was effective in less burdened or more indolent diseases with a favorable safety profile and synergized with metronomic and/or immunomodulating agents.
- MeSH
- cyklofosfamid * terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dendritické buňky * imunologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- individualizovaná medicína * metody MeSH
- inhibitory kontrolních bodů terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metronomické podávání léků MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory * mortalita imunologie terapie farmakoterapie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protinádorové vakcíny * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- vinblastin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Assessment of kidney function in emergency settings is essential across all medical subspecialties. Daily assessment of patient creatinine results from emergency medical services showed that some deviated from expected values, implying drug-related interference. METHODS: Real-time clinical evaluation of an enzyme method (Roche CREP2) in comparison with the Jaffé gen. 2 method (Roche CREJ2) was performed. During the period of December 2022 and January 2023, we analyzed 8,498 patient samples, where 5,524 were heavily medicated STAT patient specimens, 500 were pediatric specimens, and 2,474 were from a distant general population in a different region using the same methods. RESULTS: In 109 out of 5,524 hospital specimens (1.97%, p < 0.001), the CREP2 value was apparently (25% or more) lower than CREJ2. Suspect interfering medication was found in a sample of 43 out of 46 reviewed patients where medication data were available. This phenomenon was not observed in the general population. CONCLUSION: In a polymedicated urgent care hospital population, a creatinine enzyme method produces unreliable results, apparently due to multiple drug-related interferences.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Calcium channel blockers are among the most commonly used agents in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There are several known side-effects associated with their long-term use, whereas other potential adverse effects are yet to be proven. This study aims to evaluate the association between calcium channel blockers exposure and the incidence of second primary malignancy. We established a cohort of 1401 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed in our institution between January 2003 and December 2016. Patients were followed-up until December 2020. The tumor characteristics and basic clinical data including medication information were obtained from the hospital information system database. Second malignancy was detected in 301 patients (21.5%), and occurred in 27.8% of patients who used calcium channel blockers compared to only 19.9% among non-users. Their use was associated with an increased incidence of bladder cancer in particular. Subanalysis of patients with second malignancy displayed a higher proportion of right-sided colon cancer compared to rectal carcinoma in non-users. Survival analysis revealed significantly better outcomes in early-stage colorectal cancer patients without a history of calcium channel blockers treatment or second primary malignancy.
- MeSH
- blokátory kalciových kanálů MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
- kolon MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory rekta * MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv * MeSH
- sekundární malignity * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The consumption of hazardous antineoplastic drugs (ADs) used in anticancer chemotherapies is steadily increasing representing thus risks to both human health and the environment. Hospitals may serve as a contamination source, and pharmacists preparing the antineoplastic drugs (ADs) as well as nurses administering chemotherapy and caring for oncology patients are among the healthcare professionals being highly exposed. Here, we present the results of systematic monitoring (2018-2020) of surface contamination by 13 ADs in the pharmacies and hospitals in the Czech Republic (CZ; large-scale monitoring, 20 workplaces) and Slovak Republic (SK; pilot study at 4 workplaces). The study evaluated contamination by three commonly monitored ADs, i.e., 5-fluorouracil (FU), cyclophosphamide (CP), and platinum (total Pt representing cis-, carbo-, and oxaliplatin) together with ten less explored ADs, i.e., gemcitabine (GEM), ifosfamide (IF), paclitaxel (PX), irinotecan (IRI), docetaxel (DOC), methotrexate (MET), etoposide (ETOP), capecitabine (CAP), imatinib (IMAT), and doxorubicin (DOX). Floors and desktop surfaces in hospitals (chemotherapy application rooms, nurse working areas) were found to be more contaminated, namely with CP and Pt, in both countries when compared to pharmacies. Comparison between the countries showed that hospital surfaces in SK are generally more contaminated (e.g., CP median was 20 times higher in SK), while some pharmacy areas in the CZ were more contamined in comparison with SK. The newly studied ADs were detected at lower concentrations in comparison to FU, CP, and Pt, but some markers (GEM, IF, PX, and IRI) were frequently observed, and adding these compounds to routine monitoring is recommended.
- MeSH
- cyklofosfamid analýza MeSH
- fluoruracil analýza MeSH
- ifosfamid analýza MeSH
- kontaminace zdravotnického vybavení MeSH
- lékárny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí metody MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- pracovní expozice * analýza MeSH
- protinádorové látky * analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Rychlý nástup celosvětové pandemie infekce HIV na přelomu 80. a 90. let minulého století způsobil, že se toto onemocnění stalo jednou z nejstudovanějších infekčních nemocí v historii medicíny. Tomu odpovídal také rychlý vývoj účinných antiretrovirotik. Antiretrovirová léčba je v klinické praxi od roku 1996. Léčba významně prodloužila a zkvalitnila život lidí žijících s HIV, zachránila a stále zachraňuje miliony infikovaných na celém světě. Po více než dvaceti letech je však evidentní, že léčba vedená v intencích současné farmakoterapie není zcela optimální a má své limity. Její potenciál je pouze supresivní, nikoli eradikační. Určitým specifickým rysem HIV je jeho schopnost integrovat svůj genom ve formě provirové DNA do genomu hostitelské buňky. Tyto buňky neindukují na svém povrchu expresi virových antigenů, imunitním systémem není virové agens rozpoznáno a antiretrovirotiky je zcela nedoknutelné. Rezervoár latentně infikovaných buněk tvoří mnohočetné buněčné typy a tkáňové kompartmenty, které se stávají bariérou efektivní léčby a možné eradikace HIV. Byly vymezeny dva základní směry vývoje terapeutické intervence - sterilizační a funkční. Ideálním cílem sterilizační léčby je dosažení eliminace aktivních i latentních virových agens z lidského organismu. Cílem funkční léčby je navození dlouhodobé remise jako důsledku silné hostitelovy obranné reakce, zprostředkované imunitními mechanismy, i když kompetentní virové agens nadále zůstává v organismu. V uvedeném textu jsou zmiňovány hlavní oblasti současného výzkumu nových léčiv a nové principy léčby: dlouhodobě působící pomalu uvolňovaná antiretrovirotika, imunoterapie, buněčná a genová terapie, strategie šokovat a zabít a strategie zablokovat a zamknout.
The rapid onset of the global HIV pandemic at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s made the disease one of the most studied infectious diseases in the history of medicine. This was also reflected in the rapid development of effective antiretroviral drugs. Antiretroviral therapy has been in clinical practice since 1996. Treatment has significantly prolonged and improved the lives of people living with HIV, saving and still rescuing millions of people infected worldwide. However, after more than twenty years, it is evident that the treatment provided with the current pharmacotherapy is not entirely optimal and has its limits. Its potential is only suppressive, not eradicating. A specific feature of HIV is its ability to integrate its genome in the form of proviral DNA into the genome of the host cell. These cells do not induce the expression of viral antigens on their surface, the viral agent is not recognized by the immune system and is completely untouchable by antiretrovirals. The reservoir of latently infected cells consists of multiple cell types and tissue compartments, which become a barrier to effective treatment and possible eradication of HIV. Two basic directions of development of therapeutic intervention were defined - sterilization and functional. The ideal goal of sterilization treatment is to achieve the elimination of active and latent viral agents from the human body. The goal of functional treatment is to induce long-term remission as a result of a strong host defense response mediated by immune mechanisms, even though the competent viral agent remains in the body. The text deals with the main areas of current research into new drugs and new treatment principles: long-acting slow-release antiretrovirals, immunotherapy, cell and gene therapy, shock and kill strategies, and block and lock strategies.
- MeSH
- antiretrovirové látky * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty patologie účinky léků MeSH
- genetická terapie MeSH
- HIV infekce * farmakoterapie genetika imunologie MeSH
- imunoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nanočásticový lékový transportní systém MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- vymýcení nemoci MeSH
- zdroje nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Koncept personalizované medicíny je jedním z hlavních léčebných směrů v pediatrické onkologii posledních přibližně 15 let. Potřeba individualizace léčby či její personalizace vyplynula z klinických zkušeností a léčebných výsledků dosažených na bázi léčby čistě podle klinických protokolů, které - jakkoli přinesly do klinické medicíny potřebný prvek standardizace - často nebyly schopny zohlednit faktor jedince. Mezi faktory jedince patří z těch základních věk, komorbidity, souběžná terapie a vývoj těchto aspektů v průběhu onemocnění. V dalším textu se zaměříme na stručný rozbor aspektů vlastního onemocnění, aspektů celkového kontextu organismu hostitele, tj. pacienta, kterého léčíme, a dále aspektů léčiv, resp. léčebné strategie, jíž pacienta léčíme.
For more then fifteen years a concept of personalized medicine has become a dominant treatment approach in pediatric oncology. A need for person-dependent therapy adjustment has emerged based on clinical experience and often unsatisfactory results obtained using treatment protocols that - despite bringing a much needed element of standardization to clinical practice - essentially failed to consider aspects of individuality. Basic aspects of individuality are age, comorbidities, co-medications and their time-dependent variations. In the following we discuss aspects of a disease in the context of a host/patient and elaborate on aspects of the medicinal products and treatment strategy.
