The body condition score (BCS) of cows affects their reproductive efficiency, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We examined the effect of BCS on the basic ovarian cell functions and their responses to gonadotropic and metabolic hormones. We isolated ovarian cells from cows with a tendency toward emaciation (BCS2) and those with an average body condition (BCS3), and we compared their hormonal release and responses to FSH, leptin, ghrelin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) added at doses of 0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL. Progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) release were evaluated by RIA. No differences were found in progesterone or testosterone release between BCS2 and BCS3 cells; however, ovarian cells from BCS2 cows released more estradiol and IGF-I than cells from BCS3 cows. FSH, ghrelin, and NPY promoted progesterone release in BCS2 cells but had no stimulatory or inhibitory effect on BCS3 cells. In contrast, leptin promoted progesterone release in BCS3 cells and inhibited progesterone release in BCS2 cells. FSH also promoted testosterone release in both BCS2 and BCS3 cells but inhibited progesterone at a low dose in BCS3 cells. Leptin inhibited testosterone release in BCS3 cells but not in BCS2 cells. Estradiol release was promoted by leptin and ghrelin in BCS3 cells; however, it was unaffected by leptin and inhibited by ghrelin in BCS2 cells. IGF-I production was promoted by FSH and inhibited by leptin in both groups. Ghrelin suppressed IGF-I release in BCS2 cells and increased IGF-I release in BCS3 cells. NPY promoted IGF-I release in BCS2 cells but not in BCS3 cells. Our results demonstrate the effects of BCS on ovarian cell estradiol and IGF-I (but not progesterone or testosterone) release, as well as on the responses of ovarian cells to FSH, leptin, ghrelin, and NPY.
- MeSH
- estradiol farmakologie MeSH
- folikulární buňky účinky léků sekrece MeSH
- ghrelin farmakologie MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I farmakologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- leptin farmakologie MeSH
- ovarium cytologie účinky léků sekrece MeSH
- pohlavní steroidní hormony farmakologie MeSH
- primární buněčná kultura MeSH
- progesteron farmakologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- skot * MeSH
- tělesná konstituce fyziologie MeSH
- testosteron farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot * MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
This study examined the impact of cow body condition on the quality of bovine preimplantation embryos. The embryos (n = 107) were flushed from dairy cows and classified according to a five-point scale body condition score (BCS2 n = 17; BCS3 n = 31; BCS4 n = 11) on the 7th day after insemination and then analyzed for development, dead cell index (DCI), cell number and actin cytoskeleton quality. The highest embryo recovery rate (P < 0.05) was recorded in the BCS3 group and the lowest in the BCS4 group. More transferable (morula, blastocyst) embryos were obtained from the BCS4 cows (79%), compared with the BCS2 (64%) or BCS3 (63%) animals. However, cell numbers were higher in the BCS2 and BCS3 groups (P < 0.05) compared with the BCS4 embryos. Conversely, the DCI was lowest in the BCS2 (3.88%; P < 0.05) and highest in the BCS4 (6.56%) embryos. The proportion of embryos with the best actin quality (grade I) was higher in the BCS2 and BCS3 cows compared with the BCS4 group. Almost 25% of all embryos showed fragmented morphology and a higher DCI (5.65%) than normal morulas (1.76%). More fragmented embryos were revealed in the BCS2 (28.6%) and BCS4 (31.25%) groups, and less (19.15%) in the BCS3 group. The cell numbers in such embryos were lower in the BCS4 (22.57) than in the BCS2 (46.25) or BCS3 (42.4) groups. In conclusion, the body condition of dairy cows affects the quality of preimplantation embryos. A BCS over 3.0 resulted in a higher incidence of poor (fragmented) embryos.
- MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- blastocysta cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- buněčné dělení MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro metody MeSH
- koncové značení zlomů DNA in situ MeSH
- konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
- mikrofilamenta metabolismus MeSH
- mlékárenství MeSH
- morula cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- počet buněk MeSH
- přenos embrya metody MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of the study was to define interrelationships between histopathological alterations in ovarian antral follicles and body condition in dairy cows with a tendency to emaciation (BCS 1 and 2) compared with dairy cows with normal body condition (BCS 3). The ovaries were recovered from slaughtered cyclic dairy cows (at the luteal phase of the cycle) of Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein breeds at different times of the post-partum period. The animals were estimated as belonging to certain grade of body condition score (BCS) according to a 5-point scale. Only dairy cows with BCS1 (emaciation; n=6), BCS2 (tendency to emaciation; n=5) and BCS3 (optimal body condition status; n=6) were available for the experiment. The ovarian samples were embedded into Technovit 7100 resin; the tissue sections were stained with buffered basic fuchsine with toluidine blue. For acidic mucopolysaccharides (aMPS) a combination of PAS-technique with Alcian blue was used. Histological analysis showed that emaciation was associated with an increased occurrence of late (cystic) and luteinization-related atresia in granulosa and theca cells and increased levels of aMPS in small atretic follicles. Our observations indicate that dairy cows with a tendency to emaciation (BCS 2) or emaciated (BCS 1) have elevated occurrence of late atresia and atresia with luteinization, while initial atresia is less. This expands our basic knowledge of ovarian histopathology providing new insight into the association of antral follicle atresia and body condition status in dairy cows.
- MeSH
- folikulární atrézie MeSH
- ovariální folikul patologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- vyhublost patologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Analysis of the tissue harvested around the total hip replacement isolated from re-operated patients in order to: (1) characterize complexity of structural processes developing in the region of the total hip replacement and, (2) to define the role and significance of histological structures of this tissue, mainly in relation to implant loosening, from the viewpoint of formal and causal pathogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsied material isolated from periarticular tissue of re-operated patients (n=19) after THR was analyzed using the methods of light optic, fluorescent (TUNEL), and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed fibroproliferaive processes and epithelioid granulomatosis cell reaction around the implant with the formation of giant multinuclear syncythial (osteoclastlike) structures as a response to foreign bodies. These structures phagocyte fragments of foreign material (polyethylene particles from the implant, cement fragments). All the used methods revealed a range of regressive changes in the layers of foreign microparticles (inside giant multinuclear cells) typical of fibrinoid necrosis in collagen fibres and apoptosis. In certain cases, progressive changes as chondroid and synovial differentiation (metaplasia) were observed. DISCUSSION Total hip replacement, despite all positive aspects for patients, may cause permanent inflammatory processes in its surrounding. This may result in an extensive fibroproduction of a differently thick layer of connective tissue around the implant. An important factor of loosening of THR is probably osteoclastic resorption in the area of "bone-implant" interface, as a result of the interaction between the inflammatory mechanisms around the implant. CONCLUSION In the postoperative period, there occur fibroproliferative changes in the periarticular tissue and large population of multinuclear cells. In our view, these cells play a role in the production of wear particles from the implant and microparticles of bone tissues and bone cement. Fibroproliferative process may be considered as an immune response to the implanted foreign material.
- MeSH
- granulační tkáň patologie ultrasonografie MeSH
- koncové značení zlomů DNA in situ MeSH
- kyčelní kloub patologie MeSH
- kyčelní protézy MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací transmisní MeSH
- náhrada kyčelního kloubu MeSH
- reakce na cizí těleso patologie MeSH
- reoperace MeSH
- selhání protézy MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
The aim of our study was to test the influence of short exposure (6 h) of preimplantation rabbit embryos to elevated temperatures (41.5 oC or 42.5 oC) in vitro on their developmental capacity. Fertilized eggs recovered from female oviducts at the pronuclear stage (19 hpc) were cultured at standard temperature (37.5 oC) until the morula stage (72 hpc). Afterwards, the embryos were divided into two groups, cultured for 6 h either at hyperthermic (41.5 oC or 42.5 oC) or standard temperature (control 37.5 oC), post-incubated overnight (16-20 h) at 37.5 oC and then evaluated for developmental stages, apoptosis (TUNEL), proliferation (cell number), actin cytoskeleton and presence of heat-shock proteins Hsp70. It was observed that hyperthermia at 41.5 oC did not alter progression of embryos to higher preimplantation stages (expanded and hatching/hatched blastocysts), rate of apoptosis, total cell number of blastocysts and structure of actin filament compared to 37.5 oC. Western-blotting revealed the presence of heat stress-induced 72 kDa fraction of Hsp70 proteins in granulosa cells (exposed to 41 oC) and embryos (exposed to 41.5 oC). Following the elevation of temperature to 42.5 oC embryo development was dramatically compromised. The embryos were arrested at the morula or early blastocyst stage, showed an increased rate of apoptosis and decreased total cell number compared to control. The structure of actin filaments in most of blastomeres was damaged and such blastomeres often contained apoptotic nuclei. In this group a presence of heat-stress-induced fraction of Hsp70 proteins had not been confirmed. This is the first report demonstrating a threshold of thermotolerance of rabbit preimplantation embryos to hyperthermic exposure in vitro. A detrimental effect of higher temperature on the embryo is probably associated with the loss of their ability to produce Hsp70 de novo, which leads to cytoskeleton alterations and enhanced apoptosis.
- MeSH
- aktiny fyziologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- apoptóza genetika MeSH
- financování organizované využití MeSH
- indukovaná hypertermie metody využití MeSH
- králíci růst a vývoj MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 izolace a purifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- tvorba embrya pro výzkumné účely metody MeSH
- western blotting metody využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci růst a vývoj MeSH
- MeSH
- blastomery metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- elektrická stimulace MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- intracytoplazmatické injekce spermie MeSH
- oocyty fyziologie MeSH
- partenogeneze MeSH
- skot MeSH
- vakuoly ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
