We explored ability of reflectance vegetation indexes (VIs) related to chlorophyll fluorescence emission (R₆₈₆/R₆₃₀, R₇₄₀/R₈₀₀) and de-epoxidation state of xanthophyll cycle pigments (PRI, calculated as (R₅₃₁- R₅₇₀)/(R₅₃₁-R₅₇₀) to track changes in the CO₂ assimilation rate and Light Use Efficiency (LUE) in montane grassland and Norway spruce forest ecosystems, both at leaf and also canopy level. VIs were measured at two research plots using a ground-based high spatial/spectral resolution imaging spectroscopy technique. No significant relationship between VIs and leaf light-saturated CO₂ assimilation (A(MAX)) was detected in instantaneous measurements of grassland under steady-state irradiance conditions. Once the temporal dimension and daily irradiance variation were included into the experimental setup, statistically significant changes in VIs related to tested physiological parameters were revealed. ΔPRI and Δ(R₆₈₆/R₆₃₀) of grassland plant leaves under dark-to-full sunlight transition in the scale of minutes were significantly related to A(MAX) (R² = 0.51). In the daily course, the variation of VIs measured in one-hour intervals correlated well with the variation of Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), and LUE estimated via the eddy-covariance flux tower. Statistical results were weaker in the case of the grassland ecosystem, with the strongest statistical relation of the index R₆₈₆/R₆₃₀ with NEE and GPP.
Předkládaná stať seznamuje s vývojem a aktuálním stavem elektronického vzdělávání na Lékařské fakultě v Plzni. Souhrnně informuje o počtu a rozsahu doposud vytvořených elektronických kurzů a popisuje systém, který vedl k rychlému šíření E-learningu na LF. Stručně též informuje o aktivitách spojených s šířením E-learningu mimo fakultu. V závěru vyhodnocuje pozitiva, která E-learning přináší ve výuce lékařství.
The paper submitted introduces the development and a current state of the electronic education at the Medical Faculty in Pilsen. It provides overall information about the number and extent of electronic courses which have been set up so far, and it also describes a system leading to faster spread of e-learning at the Medical faculty. It gives a concise survey of the activities related to e-learning dissemination outside the Medical Faculty. In conclusion, it evaluates the positives e-learning brings to medical teaching.
Cílem tohoto sdělení je obeznámit posluchače s našimi plány a zkušenostmi při integraci e-learningu a některých forem interaktivity do prezenční výuky. Již několik let se snažíme podpořit výuku pomocí e-learningových on-line materiálů v systému Moodle. Jedním z nejzajímavějších a nejpropracovanějších modulů v prostředí Moodle jsou testy, které pravidelně užíváme k ověření (ne)nabytých znalostí. Největším omezením pro využití při prezenční výuce je nemožnost získat rychle odpovědi od jednotlivých studentů, flexibilně na ně reagovat a přizpůsobit jim výklad učiva. Proto jsme z grantu FRVŠ 245/07 pořídili sadu hlasovacích zařízení (HZ) TurningPoint a PDA (Pocket-PC). HZ nám dovolí interaktivně testovat studenty otázkami typu multiple-choice; PDA dokáže i složitější typy úloh s inkorporací grafiky nebo videa a může otázky individualizovat. Vyvinuli jsme jednoduchý exportní filtr pro export testových otázek z prostředí Moodle do XML formátu podporovaného aplikací TurningPoint. Můžeme tak efektivně využívat prostředí Moodle (přímo nebo po jednoduchých úpravách) k bleskovému testování studentů během prezenční výuky. Podpořeno grantem FRVŠ č. 245/07
The aim of this short communication is to inform about our experience and future plans for integration of e-learning into classroom teaching. In the past several years we have tried to support our classwork with e-learning on-line materials incorporated in the e-learning web-based, open-source system Moodle. One of the most interesting and most advanced modules in the Moodle environment are Quizzes we regulary use to test students' knowledge. One of the greatest shortcomings of using Moodle quizzes in the classroom is the inability to get students' responses quickly, flexibly interact with them and adapt the way of teaching accordingly. Consequently, with the support of grant FRVŠ 245/07 we purchased a set of response system TurningPoint and a couple of pocket PCs. The response system enables to interactively test students with multiple-choice questions, whereas pocket PCs can use more complicated types of questions, including e.g. pictures or video sequences, and are able to individualize quizzes for each student separately. We developed a simple export filter allowing to export quiz questions from the Moodle to XML format supported by TurningPoint. We can effectively use the Moodle environment (directly or after simple customization) for quick and effective testing during classroom teaching. Supported by grant FRVŠ No. 245/07
- MeSH
- Chemistry, Clinical education MeSH
- Computer-Assisted Instruction methods trends utilization MeSH
- Programmed Instructions as Topic * trends utilization MeSH
- Education, Medical methods trends MeSH
- Educational Measurement methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Nezbytnou součástí elektronického vzdělávacího procesu jsou testy. Cílem tohoto příspěvku je prezentovat bezpečné elektronické testování studentů na lékařské fakultě v Plzni. Námi navržené a zrealizované řešení nabízí pedagogickým pracovníkům prostředí pro rychlé, jednoduché a hlavně bezpečné zjišťování dosažených znalostí studentů elektronickou formou. Náš systém testování je postaven na bezpečnosti jednotlivých subsystémů, kterými jsou: klientské počítače v učebně, learning managament system Moodle (dále jen LMS), server provozující služby spojené s LMS a aktivní síťový prvek (switch).
Tests are an essential part of the electronic educational process. The aim of this paper is to present a safe electronic testing of students at Charles University Medical Faculty in Pilsen. We suggested and put into practice a solution for teachers, which offers a fast, easy and especially safe survey of knowledge achieved by students in the electronic way. Our system of testing is based on the safety of individual subsystems as follows: client computers in classrooms, a learning management system Moodle (LMS), a server running services connected with LMS, and an active net element (switch).
Mechanical behavior of biological structures under dynamic loading generally depends on elastic as well as viscous properties of biological materials. The significance of "viscous" parameters in real situations remains to be elucidated. Behavior of rheological models consisting of a combination of inertial body and two Voigt's bodies were described mathematically with respect to inverse problem solution, and behavior in impulse and harmonic loadings was analyzed. Samples of walls of porcine and human aorta thoracica in transverse direction and samples of human bone (caput femoris, substantia compacta) were measured. Deformation responses of human skin in vivo were also measured. Values of elastic moduli of porcine aorta walls were in the interval from 10(2)kPa to 10(3) kPa, values of viscous coefficients were in the interval from 10(2) Pa.s to 10(3) Pa.s. The value of shear stress moduli of human caput femoris, substantia compacta range from 52.7 to 161.1 MPa, and viscous coefficients were in the interval from 27.3 to 98.9 kPa.s. The role of viscous coefficients is significant for relatively high loading frequencies - in our materials above 8 Hz in aorta walls and 5 Hz for bones. In bones, the viscosity reduced maximum deformation corresponding to short rectangular stress.
- MeSH
- Aorta, Thoracic physiology MeSH
- Models, Biological MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Skin Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
- Bone and Bones physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Stress, Mechanical MeSH
- Elasticity MeSH
- Rheology MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- Pressure MeSH
- Torque MeSH
- Viscosity MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
