INTRODUCTION: The OligoMetastatic Esophagogastric Cancer (OMEC) project aims to provide clinical practice guidelines for the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of esophagogastric oligometastatic disease (OMD). METHODS: Guidelines were developed according to AGREE II and GRADE principles. Guidelines were based on a systematic review (OMEC-1), clinical case discussions (OMEC-2), and a Delphi consensus study (OMEC-3) by 49 European expert centers for esophagogastric cancer. OMEC identified patients for whom the term OMD is considered or could be considered. Disease-free interval (DFI) was defined as the time between primary tumor treatment and detection of OMD. RESULTS: Moderate to high quality of evidence was found (i.e. 1 randomized and 4 non-randomized phase II trials) resulting in moderate recommendations. OMD is considered in esophagogastric cancer patients with 1 organ with ≤ 3 metastases or 1 involved extra-regional lymph node station. In addition, OMD continues to be considered in patients with OMD without progression in number of metastases after systemic therapy. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging is recommended for baseline staging and for restaging after systemic therapy when local treatment is considered. For patients with synchronous OMD or metachronous OMD and a DFI ≤ 2 years, recommended treatment consists of systemic therapy followed by restaging to assess suitability for local treatment. For patients with metachronous OMD and DFI > 2 years, upfront local treatment is additionally recommended. DISCUSSION: These multidisciplinary European clinical practice guidelines for the uniform definition, diagnosis and treatment of esophagogastric OMD can be used to standardize inclusion criteria in future clinical trials and to reduce variation in treatment.
- MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- nádory jícnu * terapie patologie diagnóza MeSH
- nádory žaludku * terapie patologie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Východiska: Incidence kolorektálního karcinomu (KRK) ve věkové skupině mladých nemocných roste. KRK je u těchto pacientů častěji histologicky agresivnějším typem nádoru, diagnostikovaným v pozdních klinických stadiích onemocnění. Dalším z charakteristických rysů je vyšší frekvence mismatch repair deficientních (dMMR) karcinomů. V jejich léčbě může být efektivní léčebnou modalitou imunoterapie, kterou lze dosáhnout prodloužení celkového přežití i zlepšení kvality života. Naopak efekt chemoterapie může být nižší. Případ: Prezentujeme případ 35letého pacienta léčeného primární terapií pro lokálně pokročilý dMMR karcinom rekta. Neoadjuvantní chemoradioterapii následovala resekce rekta, kterou doprovázely závažné pooperační komplikace. Navíc se objevil časný lokální relaps onemocnění, rezistentní vůči systémové léčbě chemoterapií. Po progresi onemocnění byla zahájena 2. linie léčby pembrolizumabem. Výsledky: Léčba pembrolizumabem vedla k částečné regresi onemocnění a následně jeho stabilizaci, která trvá již 15 měsíců. Výrazným benefitem je zlepšení kvality pacientova života – např. ustálení krevního obrazu a regrese průjmů. Navíc dosavadní léčba proběhla bez rozvoje závažné toxicity. Závěr: Testování mikrosatelitní instability v rámci managementu lokálně pokročilého i metastatického kolorektálního karcinomu má zásadní význam v nastavení správného léčebného postupu. Do budoucna můžeme očekávat výsledky dalších studií, které se budou snažit prokázat účinek imunoterapie nejen u metastatických onemocnění, ale i resekabilních a potenciálně resekabilních dMMR karcinomů rekta a kolonu v neoadjuvantním režimu.
Background: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the age group of young patients has been increasing. Furthermore, in these patients, CRC is more frequently an aggressive histological type of tumor, diagnosed in the late clinical stages of the disease. Another characteristic feature is a higher frequency of mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) tumors, in the treatment of which immunotherapy can be an effective treatment modality, used to prolong overall survival and improve quality of life. Conversely, the effect of chemotherapy may be lower. Case: We present the case of a 35year-old patient treated with primary therapy for locally advanced dMMR rectal cancer. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was followed by rectal resection, which was accompanied by serious postoperative complications. In addition, there was an early local relapse of the disease, resistant to systemic chemotherapy treatment. After the progression of the disease, second line of the treatment with pembrolizumab was initiated. Results: The treatment with pembrolizumab led to a partial regression of the disease and subsequently its stabilization, which has been lasting for 15 months. The improvement of the patient‘s quality of life, e. g. stabilization of the blood count and regression of diarrhea, is a significant benefit. In addition, the treatment has been given without the development of serious toxicity, so far. Conclusion: Microsatellite instability testing in the management of locally advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer is of fundamental importance in setting the appropriate treatment procedures. In the future, we can expect results of several studies that will try to prove the effect of immunotherapy not only in metastatic disease, but also in the neoadjuvant regimen in resectable and potentially resectable dMMR rectal and colon cancers.
- Klíčová slova
- pembrolizumab,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunoterapie metody MeSH
- inhibitory kontrolních bodů farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * chirurgie diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové léčby MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
UNLABELLED: Epidemiologic data indicate a significant increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer in younger populations in the past three decades. Moreover, recent evidence also demonstrates a similar trend in gastric, pancreatic, and biliary tract cancers. A majority of these early-onset cases are sporadic and lack hereditary or familial background, implying a potential key role for behavioral, lifestyle, nutritional, microbial, and environmental factors. This review explores the current data on early-onset gastrointestinal cancer, exploring the etiology, unique treatment considerations for this population, future challenges, as well as implications for research and practice. SIGNIFICANCE: The worrisome trend of an increasing incidence of early-onset gastrointestinal cancers appears to be correlated with nonhereditary etiologies in which behavioral, lifestyle, nutritional, microbial, and environmental factors, as well as host mechanisms, may play a key role. Further epidemiologic and pathogenetic research is urgently needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop preventive strategies and tailored early detection. Young patients with gastrointestinal cancer face unique challenges and unmet needs. These must be addressed in the future management of the disease to minimize treatment-related somatic morbidity and prevent psychosocial sequelae.
- MeSH
- gastrointestinální nádory * epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Local treatment improves the outcomes for oligometastatic disease (OMD, i.e. an intermediate state between locoregional and widespread disseminated disease). However, consensus about the definition, diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a multidisciplinary European consensus statement on the definition, diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer. METHODS: In total, 65 specialists in the multidisciplinary treatment for oesophagogastric cancer from 49 expert centres across 16 European countries were requested to participate in this Delphi study. The consensus finding process consisted of a starting meeting, 2 online Delphi questionnaire rounds and an online consensus meeting. Input for Delphi questionnaires consisted of (1) a systematic review on definitions of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer and (2) a discussion of real-life clinical cases by multidisciplinary teams. Experts were asked to score each statement on a 5-point Likert scale. The agreement was scored to be either absent/poor (<50%), fair (50%-75%) or consensus (≥75%). RESULTS: A total of 48 experts participated in the starting meeting, both Delphi rounds, and the consensus meeting (overall response rate: 71%). OMD was considered in patients with metastatic oesophagogastric cancer limited to 1 organ with ≤3 metastases or 1 extra-regional lymph node station (consensus). In addition, OMD was considered in patients without progression at restaging after systemic therapy (consensus). For patients with synchronous or metachronous OMD with a disease-free interval ≤2 years, systemic therapy followed by restaging to consider local treatment was considered as treatment (consensus). For metachronous OMD with a disease-free interval >2 years, either upfront local treatment or systemic treatment followed by restaging was considered as treatment (fair agreement). CONCLUSION: The OMEC project has resulted in a multidisciplinary European consensus statement for the definition, diagnosis and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer. This can be used to standardise inclusion criteria for future clinical trials.
- MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- gastrektomie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory žaludku * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- sekundární prevence * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
