- MeSH
- dioxiny analýza toxicita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza toxicita MeSH
- prach analýza MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Monomethylated benz[ a]anthracenes (MeBaAs) are an important group of methylated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although the methyl substitution reportedly affects their mutagenicity and tumor-initiating activity, little is known about the impact of methylation on the effects associated with activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent gene expression and/or toxic events associated with tumor promotion. In the present study, we studied the effects of a series of MeBaAs on the above-mentioned end points in rat liver cell lines and compared them with the effects of benz[ a]anthracene (BaA) and the potent carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a]anthracene (DMBA). Methyl substitution enhanced the AhR-mediated activity of BaA derivatives determined in a reporter gene assay, as the induction equivalency factors (IEFs) of all MeBaAs were higher than that of BaA. IEFs of 6-MeBaA and 9-MeBaA, two of the most potent MeBaAs, were more than two orders of magnitude higher than the IEF of BaA. Correspondingly, all MeBaAs induced higher levels of cytochrome P450 1A1 mRNA. Both BaA and MeBaAs had similar effects on the expression of cytochrome P450 1B1 or aldo-keto reductase 1C9 in rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells. In contrast to genotoxic DMBA, MeBaAs induced low DNA adduct formation. Only 10-MeBaA induced apoptosis and accumulation of phosphorylated p53, which could be associated with the induction of oxidative stress, similar to DMBA. With the exception of 10-MeBaA, all MeBaAs induced cell proliferation in contact-inhibited WB-F344 cells, which corresponded with their ability to activate AhR. 1-, 2-, 8-, 10-, 11-, and 12-MeBaA inhibited gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in WB-F344 cells. This mode of action, like disruption of cell proliferation control, might contribute to tumor promotion. Taken together, these data showed that the methyl substitution significantly influences those effects of MeBaAs associated with AhR activation or GJIC inhibition.
- MeSH
- 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracen imunologie metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- adukty DNA analýza metabolismus MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- benz(a)anthraceny chemie metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- DNA metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- enzymová indukce MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom MeSH
- hepatocyty metabolismus patologie účinky léků MeSH
- kmenové buňky metabolismus patologie účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- mezerový spoj účinky léků MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory jater MeSH
- potkani inbrední F344 MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- regulace genové exprese enzymů účinky léků MeSH
- reportérové geny účinky léků MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Methylated chrysenes (MeChry) are important cigarette smoke constituents and 5-MeChry has been listed as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Although a major attention has been in past paid especially to mutagenic, tumor-initiating effects of MeChry, little is known about toxic effects of MeChry related to tumor promotion. As the position of methyl group has been repeatedly observed to determine genotoxic effects of MeChry, we examined both genotoxic and nongenotoxic effects of MeChry, using rat liver cell lines as experimental models. All six MeChry were relatively efficient aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, with 3- and 6-MeChry being the most potent inducers of the AhR-mediated reporter gene activity. All six compounds disrupted contact inhibition in rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells, a process previously reported to be AhR-dependent, suggesting that MeChry may interfere with cell cycle control in an AhR-dependent manner. In contrast, only 5- and 6-MeChry were found to acutely inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), another parameter correlating with tumor promoting effects of xenobiotics. Both 5- and 6-MeChry were efficient inducers of mRNA expression of enzymes involved in metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including cytochromes P450 1A1/1B1 and aldo-keto reductase 1C9. However, only 5-MeChry, and not 6-MeChry, induced significant formation of DNA adducts in rat liver epithelial cells, which corresponded with its ability to induce high accumulation of cells in S-phase. On the other hand, 5-MeChry induced neither apoptosis related to DNA damage nor phosphorylation of p53 tumor suppressor. Taken together, our results suggest that methyl group position may affect both genotoxic and nongenotoxic effects of MeChry, such as formation of DNA adducts and inhibition of GJIC. All MeChry showed a potency to disrupt cell proliferation control, while 5-MeChry was a single compound inducing DNA damage, disruption of cell cycle control and inhibition of GJIC in rat liver cells.
- MeSH
- adukty DNA metabolismus MeSH
- buněčný cyklus účinky léků MeSH
- chryseny toxicita MeSH
- enzymová indukce účinky léků MeSH
- epitelové buňky účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- játra účinky léků MeSH
- karcinogeny toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mezerový spoj MeSH
- mezibuněčná komunikace účinky léků MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků fyziologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular weight 278 are a group of PAHs that are mostly not covered by the current monitoring programs, despite their relative abundance in environmental samples and possible carcinogenicity. Although benzo[g]chrysene (BgChry) and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA) have been for a long time studied as genotoxic, tumour-initiating compounds, little is known about the potential tumour-promoting effects of this group of PAHs. In the present study, we investigated their impact on activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), induction of enzymes involved in metabolic activation of PAHs, disruption of cell cycle control in confluent cell population and inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), using the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344 as a model of liver progenitor cells. We found that BgChry was the weakest inducer of the AhR-mediated activity, while relative potencies of benzo[b]chrysene (BbChry) and benzo[c]chrysene (BcChry) were comparable to the previously reported values for dibenzanthracenes. All compounds increased expression of cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1B1, and aldo-keto reductase 1C9. BgChry was found to induce high amounts of DNA adducts, which corresponded with induction of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, apoptosis and accumulation of cells in S-phase of cell cycle, leading to a decrease in cell numbers. All other compounds were found to stimulate cell proliferation in contact-inhibited WB-F344 cells in a dose-dependent manner. We found that only BgChry, and to a lesser extent also BcChry, inhibited GJIC at high concentrations. Taken together, dibenzanthracenes and benzochrysenes, with exception of BgChry, seem to act primarily through deregulation of cell proliferation in liver epithelial cells, which is related to their relatively high AhR-mediated activity. The disruption of cell cycle control might contribute to their carcinogenic effects, as well as to carcinogenicity of complex environmental mixtures containing high levels of PAHs with molecular weight 278.
- MeSH
- adukty DNA metabolismus MeSH
- aktivace enzymů MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- aromatické hydroxylasy biosyntéza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- benz(a)anthraceny toxicita MeSH
- chryseny toxicita MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 biosyntéza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hydroxysteroidní dehydrogenasy biosyntéza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- játra cytologie enzymologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- karcinogeny toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- messenger RNA biosyntéza genetika MeSH
- mezerový spoj účinky léků MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important environmental pollutants. In the present study, we determined levels of monomethylated naphthalenes (MeNap), phenanthrenes (MePhe), and anthracenes (MeAnt) in Czech river sediments. The levels of MePhe generally were lower than the concentrations of phenanthrene. In contrast, both MeNap and MeAnt were found at levels higher than their respective parent compounds in the majority of sampling sites. We then investigated their aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated activity, accumulation of phosphorylated p53 protein, induction of expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and effects on cell proliferation in rat liver cell models to evaluate the relative importance of these toxicity mechanisms of low-molecular-weight methylated PAHs. Methylated phenanthrene and anthracene compounds were weak inducers of AhR-mediated activity as determined both in a reporter gene assay system and by detection of the endogenous gene (Cyp1a1) induction. 2-Methylphenanthrene was the most potent AhR ligand. Contribution of MeAnt and MePhe to overall AhR-inducing potencies should be taken into account in PAH-contaminated environments. Nevertheless, their effects on AhR were not sufficient to modulate cell proliferation in a normal rat liver progenitor cell model system. These PAHs only had a marginal effect on p53 phosphorylation at high doses of 1-, 3-, and 9-MePhe as well as 1 MeAnt. On the other hand, both 2- and 9-MeAnt as well as all the MePhe under study were efficient inhibitors of GJIC, suggesting that these compounds might act as tumor promoters. In summary, inhibition of GJIC and partial activation of AhR seem to be the most prominent toxic effects of the methylated PAHs in the present study.
- MeSH
- anthraceny toxicita MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- fenantreny toxicita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- játra cytologie patologie MeSH
- karcinogeny toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- mezerový spoj metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 metabolismus MeSH
- naftaleny toxicita MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- řeky MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Immature liver progenitor cells have been suggested to be an important target of hepatotoxins and hepatocarcinogens. The goal of the present study was to assess the impact of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) and its tissue-specific carcinogenic N-methyl (N-MeDBC) and 5,9-dimethyl (DiMeDBC) derivatives on rat liver epithelial WB-F344 cells, in vitro model of liver progenitor cells. We investigated the cellular events associated with both tumor initiation and promotion, such as activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), changes in expression of enzymes involved in metabolic activation of DBC and its derivatives, effects on cell cycle, cell proliferation/apoptosis and inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). N-MeDBC, a tissue-specific sarcomagen, was only a weak inhibitor of GJIC or inducer of AhR-mediated activity, and it did not affect either cell proliferation or apoptosis. DBC was efficient GJIC inhibitor, while DiMeDBC manifested the strongest AhR inducing activity. Accordingly, DiMeDBC was also the most potent inducer of cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1A2 expression among the three compounds tested. Both DBC and DiMeDBC induced expression of CYP1B1 and aldo-keto reductase 1C9 (AKR1C9). N-MeDBC failed to significantly upregulate CYP1A1/2 and it only moderately increased CYP1B1 or AKR1C9. Only the potent liver carcinogens, DBC and DiMeDBC, caused a significant increase of p53 phosphorylation at Ser15, an increased accumulation of cells in S-phase and apoptosis at micromolar concentrations. In addition, DiMeDBC was found to stimulate cell proliferation of contact-inhibited WB-F344 cells at 1 microM concentration, which is a mode of action that might further contribute to its hepatocarcinogenicity. The present data seem to suggest that the AhR activation, induction of enzymes involved in metabolic activation, inhibition of GJIC or stimulation of cell proliferation might all contribute to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of DBC and DiMeDBC.
- MeSH
- aromatické hydroxylasy genetika MeSH
- buněčná smrt účinky léků MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 genetika MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A2 genetika MeSH
- DNA primery MeSH
- epitelové buňky patologie účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- játra cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- karbazoly toxicita MeSH
- karcinogeny toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- metylace MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- mutageny MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- potkani inbrední F344 MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Byla sledována frekvence kontaktní přecitlivělosti na 28 vybraných pomocných látek dermatologických extern a kosmetických přípravků v souboru 900 pacientů – chronických ekzematiků (289 mužů, 611 žen, průměrný věk 43,6 roků) ve vztahu k lokalizaci ekzému. U pacientů s ekzémem obličeje a krku (n 350) byly nejvýznamnějšími kontaktními alergeny alcoholes adipis lanae (4,3 %), bronopol (3,7 %), dibromodicyanobutan/ fenoxyetanol (2,9 %), imidazolidinylurea (2,9 %), chlorhexidindiglukonát (2,3 %), diazolidinylurea (2,3 %) a Kathon CG (2 %). Při lokalizaci ekzému na rukou a předloktí (n 504) byl nejvýznamnější formaldehyd (3,8 %), dále alcoholes adipis lanae (3 %), dibromodicyanobutan/fenoxyetanol (2,8 %), bronopol, chloracetamid a Kathon CG (2,4 %) a diazolidinylurea (2,2 %). Při lokalizaci ekzému na nohou a bércích (n 188) byla zjištěna senzibilizace na alcoholes adipis lanae – 12,8 %, parabeny-mix (4,8 %), formaldehyd (2,7 %) a chloracetamid (2,1 %). (Někteří pacienti měli postiženo ekzémem více lokalizací.) V souboru žen s ekzémem obličeje bylo procentuální zastoupení alergických reakcí statisticky významně vyšší (p<0,05) oproti souboru mužů (Fischer exact test).
The frequency of contact sensitivity to 28 selective additives of topical dermatologic medications and cosmetics in a group of nine hundred patients with chronic eczema (289 males, 611 females, mean age 43,6 years) was evaluated in relation to eczema localization. In patients with face and neck eczema (n 350) lanolin alcohols (4,3%), bronopol (3,7%), dibromdicyanobutan/phenoxyethanol (2,9%), imidazolidinylurea (2,9%), chlorhexidinegluconate (2,3%), diazolidinylurea (2,3%) and Kathon CG (2%) were the most important contact allergens. In eczema localized on hands and forearms (n 504) the most important allergen was formaldehyde (3,8%), lanolin alcohols (3%), dibromdicyanobutan/phenoxyethanol (2,8%), bronopol, chloracetamide and Kathon CG (2,4%), and diazolidinylurea (2,2%). In eczema localized on feet and legs (n 188) the sensitization to lanolin alcohols (12,8%), paraben mix (4,8%), formaldehyde (2,7%) and chloracetamide (2,1%) was detected. (In some patients more areas were involved.) In the group of women with face eczema the percentage of allergic reactions was statistically significantly higher (p<0,05) in comparison with the group of men (Fischer exact test).
- MeSH
- alergeny chemie MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie MeSH
- dermatologické látky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- ekzém etiologie MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky chemie MeSH
- kontaktní dermatitida diagnóza etiologie imunologie MeSH
- konzervační prostředky farmaceutické chemie MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky MeSH
- kožní testy metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
V souboru 900 pacientů (289 mužů, 611 žen, průměrný věk 43,6 let), chronických ekzematiků, bylazjišťována od dubna 2001 do září 2003 epikutánními testy kontaktní přecitlivělost na vybranépomocné látky dermatologických extern a kosmetických přípravků. U 337 pacientů byla základnídiagnóza atopický ekzém. Z látek protimikrobních použitých jako konzervancia senzibilizoval nejčastějithiomersal ve 12,4 %, fenylhydrargyrumacetát v 5,4 %, formaldehyd a dibromodicyanobutan/fenoxyethanol (Euxyl K 400) ve 2,5 %, bronopol ve 2,2 %, chloracetamid ve 2,1 %, chlorhexidin ve2,0 %, Kathon CG v 1,9 %, diazolidinylurea v 1,8 %, parabeny a imidazolidinylurea v 1,6 %, glutaraldehydv 0,9 %, Quaternium-15 v 0,7 %, dichlorofen v 0,6 %, triklosan v 0,5 %, DMDM-hydantoin a chlorokresolv 0,4 %, fenoxyethanol v 0,3 %, benzalkoniumchlorid, chloroquinaldol a kyselina sorbováv 0,2 % souboru pacientů, z látek antioxidačních dodecylgalát v 1,7 %, butylhydroxyanisol v 0,8 %,propylgalát v 0,6 %, butylhydroxytoluen v 0,2 % souboru pacientů a z látek dalších alcoholes adipislanae v 5,3 %, trolamin v 1,0 % a propylenglykol v 0,3 % souboru pacientů. Zdrojem senzibilizace bylyve 44,7 % přípravky farmaceutické, ve 31,2 % přípravky kosmetické, oblast průmyslová v 7,8 %,zdravotnictví ve 2,2 %, zdroj nejasný zůstal u 13,3 %. Klinická relevance činila 32,5 %. Uvedeníkompletního složení na příbalových letácích jak přípravků farmaceutických, tak kosmetických sejeví nezbytně nutné zvláště pro pacienty ekzematiky. Výsledky vyšetření mohou posloužit jakozpětná informace pro výrobce jak přípravků farmaceutických, tak kosmetických.
From April 2001 to September 2003, 900 patients with chronic eczema (289 men, 611 women,average age 43.6 years) were evaluated by patch tests for contact hypersensitivity to selectedadjuvant substances in dermatological topical remedies and cosmetics. Atopic eczema was diagnosedin 337 of patients. From antimicrobials used as conservants the most common allergen was thiomersalin 12.4%, then phenylhydrargyrumacetate in 5.4%, formaldehyde and dibromiumdicyanobutane/phenoxyethanol (Euxyl K 400) in 2.5%, bronopol in 2.2%, chloracetamide in 2.1%, chlorhexidine in2.0%, Kathon CG in 1.9%, diazolidinylurea in 1.8%, paraben and imidazolidinylurea in 1.6%, glutaraldehydein 0.9%, Quarternium-15 in 0.7%, dichlorophen in 0.6%, triclosan in 0.5%, DMDM-hydantionand chlorocresol in 0.4%, phenoxyethanol in 0.3%, benzalconiumchloride, chloroquinaldol andascorbic acid in 0.2% of patients, from antioxidants there were dodecylgallate in 1.7%, butylhydroxyanisolein 0.8%, propylgallate in 0.6%, butylhydroxytoluen in 0.2% of patients and from anothersubstances there were alcoholes adipis lanae in 5.3%, trolamine in 1.0% and propylenglycole in 0.3%of patients. Sources of sensibilisation were pharmaceutical products in 44.7%, cosmetics in 31.2%,industry in 7.8%health care in 2.2%, source remained unindetified in 13.3%.Clinical relevance was 32.5%. Complete information about composition of pharmaceutical products and cosmetics in packageleaflets seems fundamental, especially for patients with eczema. Results of this study can serve asa feed-back information for producers of both, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
- MeSH
- dermatologické látky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kontaktní dermatitida diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- konzervační prostředky farmaceutické chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kožní testy metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
V souboru 514 pacientů (178 mužů, 336 žen, průměrný věk 42,8 let) chronických ekzematiků bylazjišťována od dubna 2001 do prosince 2002 epikutánními testy kontaktní přecitlivělost na vybranépomocné látky dermatologických extern a kosmetických přípravků. U 194 pacientů byla základnídg atopický ekzém. Z látek protimikrobních použitých jako konzervancia (ČL 1997)* senzibilizovalnejčastěji thiomersal ve 13,6 %, fenylhydrargyrumacetát v 7,8 %, formaldehyd v 5,6 %, bronopolv 5,1 %, chlorhexidin v 3,3 %, dibromodicyanobutan/fenoxyethanol ve 2,9 %, chloracetamid ve 2,1 %,Kathon CG a parabeny v 1,9 %, imidazolidinylurea a diazolidinylurea v 1,4 %, glutaraldehydv 1,2 %, DMDM-hydantoin v 1,0 %, dichlorophen v 0,8 %, kyselina sorbová, fenoxyethanol a triclosanv 0,6 %, benzalkoniumchlorid, Quaternium-15 a chlorokresol v 0,4 % a chloroquinaldol v 0,2 %souboru pacientů, z látek antioxidačních dodecylgallat ve 2,3 %, butylhydroxyanisol v 1,2 %, propylgallatv 0,6 %, butylhydroxytoluen v 0,4 % souboru pacientů a z látek dalších alcoholes adipis lanaev 5,1 %, trolamin v 1,6 % a propylenglykol v 0,4 % souboru pacientů. Uvedení kompletního složenína příbalových letácích jak přípravků farmaceutických, tak kosmetických se jeví nezbytně nutnézvláště pro pacienty ekzematiky. Výsledky vyšetření mohou posloužit jako zpětná informace provýrobce jak přípravků farmaceutických, tak kosmetických.
From April 2001 to December 2002, a group of 514 patients (178 men, 336 women, average age 42.8years) suffering from chronic eczema were tested by means of epicutaneous tests for contacthypersensitivity to selected auxiliary substances of dermatological external and cosmetic preparations.In 194 patients, the principal diagnosis was atopic eczema. Of the preservatives, the mostfrequently sensitizing agents were Thiomersal in 13.6%, phenylmercuric acetate in 7.8%, formaldehydein 5.6%, Bronopol in 5.1%, chlorohexidine in 3.3%, dibromodicyanobutane/phenoxyethanol in2.9%, chloroacetamide in 2.1%, Kathon CG and parabenes in 1.9%, imidazolidinyl urea anddiazolidinyl urea in 1.4%, glutaraldehyde in 1.2%,DMDM-hydantoin in 1.0%, dichlorophen in 0.8%,sorbic acid, phenoxyethanol and triclosan in 0.6%, benzalkonium chloride, Quaternium-15 andchlorocresol in 0.4% and chloroquinaldol in 0.2% of the group of patients. Of antioxidizing agents,it was dodecyl gallate in 2.3%, butylhydroxyanisol in 1.2%, propyl gallate in 0.6%, butylhydroxytoluenin 0.4% of the group o patients and of emulsifiers, alcoholes lanae in 5.1%, triethanolamine in1.6% and propylene glycol in 0.4% of the group of patients. A complete list of contained substancesin drug information sheets of both pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations seems necessaryparticularly for patients suffering from eczema. The results of the test can serve as feed-backinformation for the manufacturers of both pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dermatologické látky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- kontaktní dermatitida diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- konzervační prostředky farmaceutické chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kožní testy metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH