This review aims at comparing some historical data with the current situation in the study of biogenesis of natural compounds, antibiotics in the first place. Biogenesis of tetracyclines and cycloheximide and related compounds serves as example. Examples of molecular biological and bioinformatics methods used in the study of antibiotic biogenesis are described both in terms of its historical aspects and the current knowledge.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- metabolické sítě a dráhy genetika MeSH
- objevování léků dějiny MeSH
- výpočetní biologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used for characterizing intact plasmalogen phospholipid molecules in beer-spoilage bacteria. Identification of intact plasmalogens was carried out using collision-induced dissociation and the presence of suitable marker molecular species, both qualitative and quantitative, was determined in samples containing the anaerobic bacteria Megasphaera and Pectinatus. Using selected ion monitoring (SIM), this method had a limit of detection at 1 pg for the standard, i.e. 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and be linear in the range of four orders of magnitude from 2 pg to 20 ng. This technique was applied to intact plasmalogen extracts from the samples of contaminated and uncontaminated beer without derivatization and resulted in the identification of contamination of beer by Megasphaera and Pectinatus bacteria. The limit of detection was about 830 cells of anaerobic bacteria, i.e. bacteria containing natural cyclopropane plasmalogenes (c-p-19:0/15:0), which is the majority plasmalogen located in both Megasphaera and Pectinatus. The SIM ESI-MS method has been shown to be useful for the analysis of low concentration of plasmalogens in all biological samples, which were contaminated with anaerobic bacteria, e.g. juice, not only in beer. Significance and impact of the study: Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) using collision-induced dissociation was used to characterize intact plasmalogen phospholipid molecules in beer-spoilage anaerobic bacteria Megasphaera and Pectinatus. Using selected ion monitoring (SIM), this method has a detection limit of 1 pg for the standard 1-(1Z-octadecenyl)-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and is linear within four orders of magnitude (2 pg to 20 ng). The limit of detection was about 830 cells of bacteria containing natural cyclopropane plasmalogen (c-p-19:0/15:0). SIM ESI-MS method is useful for analyzing low concentrations of plasmalogens in biological samples contaminated with anaerobic bacteria, e.g. beer or juice.
- MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací MeSH
- limita detekce MeSH
- Megasphaera klasifikace izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Pectinatus klasifikace izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- pivo mikrobiologie MeSH
- plasmalogeny analýza MeSH
- potravinářská mikrobiologie metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Two classes of newly synthesized amphiphilic compounds, phenolic antioxidants ("phenolics") and N-oxides exert in vivo antioxidant effects on live S. cerevisiae cells. Both groups have low toxicity, phenolics being more toxic than N-oxides and compounds with a longer alkyl chain having higher toxicity than those with a shorter alkyl chain. Phenolic antioxidants protect yeast cells exposed to the superoxide producer paraquat and peroxyl generator tert-butylhydroperoxide better than N-oxides at 3-fold higher concentration. Both types of antioxidants enhance the survival of pro-oxidant-exposed cells of S. cerevisiae mutants deficient in cytosolic and/or mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and could be good compounds which mimic the role of superoxide dismutases. The results of measurement of antioxidant activity in an in vitro chemiluminescence test differ from the results obtained in vivo with S. cerevisiae superoxide dismutase mutants. In contrast to their action on live cells, phenolics are less effective than N-oxides in preventing lipid peroxidation of an emulsion of lipids isolated from S. cerevisiae membranes.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- fenoly farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované využití MeSH
- flavonoidy farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- oxidy dusíku farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky záření MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytologie chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa farmakologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky izolace a purifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- ivermektin chemie izolace a purifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- naftoly chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Streptomyces chemie izolace a purifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- MeSH
- antioxidancia aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- luminiscenční měření metody využití MeSH
- oxidy dusíku škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů genetika účinky záření MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- scavengery volných radikálů aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa nedostatek MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
