Termínem gibberellin-regulated proteins je označována skupina alergenů zkoumaná v posledních letech v souvislosti se zkříženými pylově potravinovými alergiemi (pollen/food allergy syndrome). Gibereliny jsou skupinou fytohormonů figurující v ochraně rostlin, mají baktericidní, virucidní a fungicidní účinky. Fungují jako růstové hormony a vylučují se při zrání, ale i při stresu rostlin. Jedná se o antimikrobiální peptidy o molekulové hmotnosti 7–8 kDa bohaté na cystein, jejichž struktura je obdobná v celé řadě vyšších rostlin. Díky vysokému obsahu cysteinu jsou termostabilní a acidorezistentní, proto jsou považovány za rizikové potravinové alergeny, schopné vyvolat závažné alergické reakce. Klinické projevy potravinové alergie na gibberellin-regulated proteiny jsou poměrně charakteristické, jsou jimi otok obličeje (zvláště očních víček) a laryngeální otok. Alergické reakce bývají se závažnějším průběhem zvláště tehdy, pokud jsou přítomny další faktory (tělesná náma- ha, léčba nesteroidními antiflogistiky, inhibitory proteinové pumpy, vliv alkoholu, infekce, menstruace apod.). Dosud bylo identifikováno 9 těchto alergenních proteinů různých rostlinných zdrojů pylových Cry j 7, Cup s 7, Jun a 7, potravinových Pru p 7, Pru m 7, Pun g 7, Cit s 7, Pru av 7, Cap a 7. Byly popsány i dvě nealergenní molekuly – applemaclein, snakin-1. K primární senzibilizaci dochází nejspíše prostřednictvím inhalační alergie na pyl cypřišovitých.
Gibberellin-regulated proteins are a group of allergens investigated in recent years in relation with pollen/food allergy syndrome. Gibberellins are a group of phytohormones, which play role in plant protection, have bactericidal, virucidal and fungicidal effects, function as growth hormones and are secreted during ripening process, but also during plant stress. These proteins are antimicrobial peptides with a molecular weight of 7–8 kDa, rich in cysteine, which stucture is very conserved across a wide number of higher plants. Due to their high cysteine content, they are thermostable and acidoresistant, which is why they are considered as a risky food allergens capable of causing serious allergic reactions. Clinical symptoms of gibberellin-regulated proteins allergy are quite characteristic, including facial swelling (especially eyelid oedema) a laryngeal tightness. Allergic reactions to GRPs tend to be more severe, especially if co-factors are present (exercise, nonsteroid – antiinflammatory drugs or proton pump inhibitors therapy, alcohol, infection, menstruation and others). So far 9 allergenic gibberellin-regulated proteins have been identified from different plant sources pollen Cry j 7, Cup s 7, Jun a 7 and food Pru p 7, Pru m 7, Pun g 7, Cit s 7, Pru av 7, Cap a 7 and 2 non-allergenic applemaclein, snakin-1. Most probably primary sensitization occurs through inha- lation allergy to cypress pollen.
MAIN CONCLUSION: The current state-of-the-art creates a sound basis for the preservation of unique species Cupressus dupreziana provided that targeted effort and care is devoted to the accomplishment of multiplication protocols. This review is to summarize known data on Cupressus dupreziana-specific characteristics, including abiotic stress resistance, and natural reproduction, and estimates the possibilities of ex situ conservation with an emphasis on the cultivation in vitro of this endangered species. As there is only limited information about the cultivation of C. dupreziana in vitro, we have included relevant data on the related species Cupressus sempervirens, where micropropagation techniques are well established, along with other information on species with similar fates and life strategies-Saharan olive Olea europaea subsp. laperrinei and myrtle Myrthus nivellei. The aim of this work is to enhance general understanding and to promote an interest in this relict plant species to contribute to more wide-ranging studies and to increase its chance of preservation. Besides others, reducing the number of species threatened with extinction is an essential and immediate task as high genetic variability of ecosystems is crucial for their stability under changing climatic conditions.
- MeSH
- cypřiš (rod) růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- ohrožené druhy * MeSH
- rozmnožování fyziologie MeSH
- šlechtění rostlin MeSH
- zeměpis MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- severní Afrika MeSH
Cypress (Cupressus sp.pl) is a genus within the Cupressaceae family. This family covers all of the Earth's continents except for Antarctica, and it includes about 160 species. The most important taxa for allergic diseases belong to five different genera: Cupressus, Hesperocyparis, Juniperus, Cryptomeria, and Chamaecyparis. Cupressaceae species share a common pollen type that can even include the genus Taxus (Taxaceae) when this plant is also present. As Juniperus oxycedrus pollinates in October, Cupressus sempervirens in January and February, Hesperocyparis arizonica (prev. Cupressus arizonica) in February and March, and Juniperus communis in April, the symptomatic period is long-lasting. Due to global warming, the pollination period tends to last longer, and there is a trend for Cupressaceae bioclimate niches to migrate north. In Mediterranean areas, C. sempervirens (Italian cypress or Mediterranean cypress) is by far the most common pollinating species. It accounts for half of the total pollination level. The group 1 major allergens belong to the pectate-lyase family, and members share 70 to 97% sequence homology within the different Cupressaceae. Group 2 allergens correspond to the polygalacturonase protein family, while group 3, a minor allergen, belongs to the family of "thaumatin-like proteins," a pathogenesis-related protein 5. Group 4 allergens are Ca++-binding protein (4 EF-hands). Aside from these four groups, about 15 other allergens have been reported. Prominent among these is a basic low-molecular mass cross-reactive allergen that was identified recently, and which is suspected to be involved in pollen food syndromes which are common with peach and citrus. The prevalence of cypress allergy in the general population ranges from 0.6 to 3%, depending on the degree of exposure to the pollen. Depending on the geographic area and the studied population, 9 to 65% of outpatients consulting an allergist may have sensitization to cypress pollen. Repeated cross-sectional studies performed at different time intervals have demonstrated a threefold increase in the percentage of cypress allergy around the Mediterranean area. Risk factors include a genetic predisposition and/or a strong exposure to pollen, and the natural history of cypress allergy allows identification of a subgroup of patients as allergic rather than atopic. Concerning the clinical expression, rhinitis is the most prevalent symptom, while conjunctivitis is the most disabling. Pharmacological treatment of cypress allergies is not different from that of other seasonal allergies. Immunotherapy has been used, initially by subcutaneous injections, but currently mostly through the sublingual route. Although clinical trials have included only a limited number of patients, it has proven effective and safe. Avoidance can be implemented at the individual level, as well as at the community level, through the use of alternative plants, low-pollinating cypresses, or by trimming hedges before pollination.
- MeSH
- alergeny imunologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- cypřiš (rod) škodlivé účinky klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- opylení MeSH
- pyl imunologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- sezónní alergická rýma diagnóza epidemiologie imunologie terapie MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
- stromy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zkřížené reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cypress pollen represents the primary cause of respiratory allergies in Mediterranean areas. Patients allergic to Cupressus sempervirens pollen (Cups) (CPA) can be discriminated on the basis of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding to a basic 14 kDa protein (BP14) or to high-molecular-weight (HMW) glycoproteins only. Specific IgE repertoires of two differentially exposed CPA cohorts, French and Italian, were investigated using an IgE microarray system (some known major allergens from several allergenic sources) and individual IgE immunoblotting (IB) of whole Cups pollen extract separated by SDS-PAGE (all allergens from one allergenic source: cypress pollen). The prevalence of sensitization to BP14 was higher in French (37 %) than in Italian patients (17 %) and major differences were observed in IgE reactivities to lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Thirty percent of the Italian CPA (4 % in the French group) had specific IgE against the Parietaria pollen LTP, independently of IB subgroups. Regarding peach LTP sensitization, all Pru p 3+ Italian CPA (10 %) were in the HMW+ subgroup, while Pru p 3+ French CPA (20 %) were all included in the BP14+ subgroup. BP14 sensitization is likely a marker of Cups exposure and is, in French CPA, significantly correlated to Pru p 3 sensitization. The IgE immunoblot and microarray are complementary tools that highlight differences in the subtle sensitization profile between groups of patients in comparative studies.
- MeSH
- alergeny imunologie MeSH
- alergie epidemiologie imunologie MeSH
- cypřiš (rod) chemie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- imunoblotting metody MeSH
- imunoglobulin E imunologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- pyl imunologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny imunologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transportní proteiny imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Francie MeSH
- Itálie MeSH
The diversity of green microalgae in subaerial habitats remains largely unexplored and a number of new genus- and species-level lineages have been discovered recently. The traditional green algal genus, Chlorella, which accommodated coccoid unicellular green algal species with globular to oval cells, reproducing entirely by autospores, has been found to be polyphyletic. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of two strains of microalgae isolated from tree bark in the Mediterranean. These algae share the general Chlorella-like morphology and their 18S rRNA and rbcL gene sequences place them in the Trebouxiophyceae. Strain CAUP H8401 forms an independent trebouxiophycean lineage, together with three previously published 18S rRNA gene environmental sequences of undescribed microalgae, which were retrieved from profoundly different habitats. In contrast, strain CAUP H7902 is related to Kalinella bambusicola in the Watanabea clade of the Trebouxiophyceae on the basis of its 18S rRNA gene sequence. This relationship is also supported by the rbcL gene sequence, acquired from the type strain of K. bambusicola. The investigated strains are described as representatives of a novel species in a new genus, Leptochlorella corticola gen. et sp. nov., and a novel species, Kalinella apyrenoidosa sp. nov., according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants.
- MeSH
- Chlorophyta klasifikace genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- cypřiš (rod) mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA řas genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- kůra rostlin mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- vavřín mikrobiologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovinsko MeSH
- Středomoří MeSH
- MeSH
- anthokyaniny * farmakokinetika farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- antioxidancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- ateroskleróza farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- cypřiš (rod) chemie MeSH
- endoteliální relaxační faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- epoprostenol terapeutické užití MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- katarakta farmakoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Magnoliopsida MeSH
- Ribes chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Vaccinium myrtillus chemie MeSH
- Vitis chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
