A virome screen was performed on a new breeding line, KB1, of blackcurrant. Rhabdovirus-like particles were observed by electron microscopy in ultrathin sections of flower stalks, and the complete genome sequence of a novel virus, provisionally named blackcurrant rhabdovirus 2 (BCRV2), was determined and verified using high-throughput sequencing. The genomic organization of BCRV2 was characteristic of cytorhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) and included seven genes: 3 ́- N-P ́-P-P3-M-G-L -5 ́. BLASTP analysis revealed that the putative L protein had the highest amino acid sequence identity (75 %) with strawberry virus 2. BCRV2 was detected in Cryptomyzusgaleopsidis, but efficient transmission by this aphid was not confirmed. Of note, we observed coinfection of the KB1 line with blackcurrant-associated rhabdovirus (BCaRV) by RT-PCR. This is likely the first evidence of the presence of a cyto- and a nucleorhabdovirus in a single host.
Minoritní tuzemské druhy ovoce a prospěšné látky v nich obsažené jsou aktuálním tématem potravinářského výzkumu. Cílem této studie bylo porovnat obsah vitaminu C v meziproduktech a finálních výrobcích z černého rybízu společně s vybranými kvalitativními znaky (refraktometrická sušina, titrační kyselost). Byl analyzován soubor 13 vzorků a zjištěný obsah vitaminu C byl následující: 1020 ±78 mg/kg pro homogenát ovoce, 1102 ±31 mg/kg pro čerstvě vylisovanou šťávu, 651 ±103 mg/kg pro dřeň, 700 ±209 mg/kg pro koncentrát, 2,8 ±0,1 mg/kg pro nektar a 47,5 ±0,1 mg/kg pro džem. Nálezy vitaminu C odpovídaly způsobu a míře tepelného namáhání výrobků a byly přímo úměrné zjištěné titrační kyselosti (r = 0,871).
Minorities local types of fruit and the benefi cial substances contained in them are an actual topic of food research. The aim of study was to compare the content of vitamin C in intermediate and fi nal blackcurrant products together with selected markers (refractometric dry matter, titratable acidity). In this study, 13 samples were analysed and the vitamin C content was: 1020 ±78 mg/ kg for fruit homogenate, 1102 ±31 mg/kg for juice, 651 ±103 mg/ kg for pulp, 700 ±209 mg/kg for concentrate, 2.8 ±0.1 mg/kg for nectar and 47.5 ±0.1 mg/kg for jam. Vitamin C values corresponded to the method and extent of thermal stress of the products and were directly proportional to the titratable acidity (r = 0.871).
Anthocyanin-rich New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) may improve forearm muscle oxygenation and enhance performance in high-level rock climbers. As such, using a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design study, twelve participants performed an oxidative capacity assessment, and two successive exhaustive exercise trials (submaximal forearm muscle contractions at 60% of their maximal volitional contraction). Each visit was conducted following 7-days intake of 600 mg·day-1 NZBC extract or placebo. Oxidative capacity was estimated by calculating the oxygen half time recovery using near infrared spectroscopy. Time to exhaustion (s), impulse (kg·s), and minimum tissue saturation index (min-TSI %) were assessed during both the exercise trials. Muscle oxidative capacity was greater with NZBC (mean difference [MD] = 5.3 s, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 0.4-10.2 s; p = 0.036; Cohen's d = 0.94). During the exercise trials, there was an interaction for min-TSI % (time x condition, p = 0.046; ηp2 = 0.372), which indicated a greater level of oxygen extraction during trial two with NZBC extract (MD = 9%, 95% CI = 2-15%) compared to the placebo (MD = 2%, 95% CI = 1-7%). There was a decrease in time to exhaustion (p <0.001, ηp2 = 0.693) and impulse (p = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.672) in exercise trial two, with no effect of NZBC extract. In high-level rock climbers 7-days NZBC extract improves forearm muscle oxygenation with no effect on isolated forearm muscle performance.
- MeSH
- Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Double-Blind Method MeSH
- Mountaineering physiology MeSH
- Cross-Over Studies MeSH
- Muscle, Skeletal physiology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Forearm physiology MeSH
- Ribes chemistry MeSH
- Plant Extracts administration & dosage MeSH
- Athletic Performance physiology MeSH
- Oxygen Consumption MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
The microbial assemblies on the surface of plants correlate with specific climatic features, suggesting a direct link between environmental conditions and microbial inhabitation patterns. At the same time however, microbial communities demonstrate distinct profiles depending on the plant species and region of origin. In this study, we report Next Generation Sequencing-based metagenomic analysis of microbial communities associated with apple and blackcurrant fruits harvested from Lithuania and the Czech Republic. Differences in the taxonomic composition of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms were observed between plant types. Our results revealed limited geographic differentiation between the bacterial and fungal communities associated with apples. In contrast, blackcurrant berries harvested from different regions demonstrated high diversity in both bacterial and fungal microbiota structures. Among fungal and bacterial microorganisms, we identified both potentially beneficial (Cryptococcus, Hanseniaspora, Massilia, Rhodotorula, Sphingomonas) and phytopathogenic microorganisms (Cladosporium, Pantoea, Phoma, Pseudomonas, Septoria, Taphrina) indicating their important roles in ecological and evolutionary processes.
- MeSH
- Bacteria classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification MeSH
- DNA, Fungal isolation & purification MeSH
- Ecology MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Fungi classification genetics isolation & purification MeSH
- Malus microbiology MeSH
- Metagenomics methods MeSH
- Microbial Consortia * MeSH
- Microbiota * genetics MeSH
- Fruit microbiology MeSH
- Ribes microbiology MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Lithuania MeSH
Five isolates of a new member of the family Closteroviridae, tentatively named blackcurrant leafroll-associated virus 1 (BcLRaV-1), were identified in the currant. The 17-kb-long genome codes for 10 putative proteins. The replication-associated polyprotein has several functional domains, including papain-like proteases, methyltransferase, Zemlya, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Additional open reading frames code for a small protein predicted to integrate into the host cell wall, a heat-shock protein 70 homolog, a heat-shock protein 90 homolog, two coat proteins, and three proteins of unknown functions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BcLRaV-1 is related to members of the genus Closterovirus, whereas recombination analysis provided evidence of intraspecies recombination.
- MeSH
- Closterovirus classification genetics isolation & purification ultrastructure MeSH
- Phylogeny MeSH
- Genetic Variation MeSH
- Genome, Viral MeSH
- Genomics methods MeSH
- Plant Diseases virology MeSH
- Open Reading Frames MeSH
- Recombination, Genetic MeSH
- Ribes virology MeSH
- RNA, Viral MeSH
- Amino Acid Sequence MeSH
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
The high potential of sea buckthorn, black chokeberry, red and white currants in healthy food industry boosted interest in the plant cultivation. The present study is the first work providing comprehensive information on microbial populations of these berries. Next Generation Sequencing allowed identification of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms prevalent on specific berries, including uncultivable microorganisms. Our study revealed the broad diversity of berries-associated bacterial and fungal microorganisms. Analysis of representative microbial OTUs showed a clear separation among inhabitants of sea buckthorn, black chokeberry and both currants, indicating plant-defined differences in the composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiota. Among the microorganisms distributed on tested berries, we documented potentially beneficial fungi and bacteria along with potential phytopathogens or those harmful for humans. Thus, plant microbiota appears to be highly relevant for the evaluation of the microbiota impact on food quality and human health.
- MeSH
- Bacteria classification genetics MeSH
- Biodiversity MeSH
- DNA, Bacterial isolation & purification MeSH
- DNA, Fungal isolation & purification MeSH
- Hippophae microbiology MeSH
- Fungi classification genetics MeSH
- Food Quality MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Microbiota genetics MeSH
- Fruit microbiology MeSH
- Photinia microbiology MeSH
- Pilot Projects MeSH
- Food Industry MeSH
- Ribes microbiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Lithuania MeSH
