OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the interdependence between life expectancy and numerous social indicators, i.e., to determine the factors that encourage an increase or decrease in life expectancy. METHODS: Pearson coefficients as well as linear and logarithmic trends and correlations between the dependent variable of life expectancy and numerous independent variables were calculated and analysed. The calculations were carried out for all countries in the world for which data is available. Based on the strength of the correlations between life expectancy and numerous indicators, we have tried to determine the reasons for the different values of life expectancy in the various countries. RESULTS: Important factors for achieving high life expectancy values are economic development and healthcare spending but the spread of "diseases of the modern era", such as obesity or diabetes, have a significant negative impact on life expectancy. Other important limiting factors for life expectancy are large income inequalities, a higher share of private healthcare expenditure in total healthcare expenditure and lower total healthcare expenditure. Less developed societies can significantly increase their life expectancy by providing clean water and safe sanitation and by combating various infectious diseases (especially HIV). CONCLUSIONS: Life expectancy is a meaningful indicator of the state of social development and accurately reflects the general state of a particular society. It has been shown that GDP per capita (PPP) is a key determinant of life expectancy, while other important factors play the role of a further modifier.
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Publikace se zaměřuje na umělou inteligenci a související témata a na možná rizika umělé inteligence. Určeno široké veřejnosti.; Kniha nabízí panoramatický pohled na umělou inteligenci, jenž spojuje biologické a humanitní aspekty. Autor se nezabývá pouze pozitivními přínosy, ale upozorňuje také na potenciální rizika umělé inteligence.
- MeSH
- kulturní evoluce MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- rozvoj průmyslu MeSH
- sociální evoluce MeSH
- umělá inteligence MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Umělá inteligence
- NLK Obory
- technika
- knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
The importance of environmental sustainability is becoming more and more obvious, so the rationale behind long-term usage of solely non-renewable energy sources appeared questionable. This study aims to identify, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and logistic regressions, the main determinants that affect the duration of Russian non-renewable energy exports to different regions of the world. Data were retrieved from the databanks of the World Development Indicators (WDI), World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS), and the French Centre for Prospective studies and International Information (CEPII). The obtained results point to the fact that approximately 52% of energy products survive beyond their first year of trading, nearly 38% survive beyond the second year, and almost 18% survive to the twelfth year. The survival of Russian non-renewable energy exports differs depending on the region, and the affecting factors are of different importance. The duration of Russian non-renewable energy exports is significantly linked to Russia's GDP, Total export, and Initial export values. A decline in Russia's GDP by 1% is associated with an increasing probability of a spell ending by 2.9% on average, in turn growing Total export and Initial export values positively linked with the duration of non-renewable energy exports from Russia. These findings may have practical relevance for strategic actions aimed at approaching both energy security and environmental sustainability.
- MeSH
- ekonomický rozvoj * MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- oxid uhličitý * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Rusko MeSH
- MeSH
- ekonomický rozvoj MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví MeSH
- zdravotní stav populace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
This article presents the current status of the development of bioeconomy in the Czech Republic. Although the country has no unified strategy on bioeconomy, there are ambitious governmental innovation strategies and focused strategies for each region. Traditionally, the country has had a strong research performance in chemistry and biology, which together with developed agriculture, forestry and food industries, provides a good foundation for the development of locally based circular systems. Moreover, the government supports research on tools and applications of new plant breeding technologies, including genome editing, and there is a strong initiative from the research community calling to update EU regulatory policy in this area.
- MeSH
- biotechnologie ekonomika MeSH
- ekonomický rozvoj MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- lesnictví ekonomika MeSH
- potravinářský průmysl ekonomika MeSH
- zachování přírodních zdrojů ekonomika MeSH
- zemědělství ekonomika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The main objective of the presented study was to examine the associations between the use of renewable energy sources in selected sectors (transport, electricity, heating, and cooling) and the prevalence of selected groups of diseases in the European Union, with an emphasis on the application of statistical methods considering the structure of data. The analyses included data on 27 countries of the European Union from 2010 to 2019 published in the Eurostat database and the Global Burden of Disease Study. Panel regression models (pooling model, fixed (within) effects model, random effects model) were primarily used in analytical procedures, in which a panel variable was represented by countries. In most cases, positive and significant associations between the use of renewable energy sources and the prevalence of diseases were confirmed. The results of panel regression models could be generally interpreted as meaning that renewable energy sources are associated with the prevalence of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, digestive diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, neoplasms, sense organ diseases, and skin and subcutaneous diseases at a significance level (α) of 0.05 and lower. These findings could be explained by the awareness of the health problem and the response in the form of preference for renewable energy sources. Regarding statistical methods used for country data or for data with a specific structure, it is recommended to use the methods that take this structure into account. The absence of these methods could lead to misleading conclusions.
OBJECTIVES: Researches consider the young generation (adolescents) to be the population group whose mortality from injury has the lowest effect on economic growth. The objective was to evaluate the relations between economic indicators and preventable injury mortality in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), with a primary focus on adolescents. METHODS: The analyses included health indicators of preventable injury mortality and economic indicators that represent human development and economic growth in the CEECs from 1990 to 2016. The analytical process involved a population group divided by age (0-14 years: children, 15-24 years: adolescents, 25-74 years: adults) and gender. Descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and primarily panel regression analysis were used. RESULTS: Significant effects of economic indicators on drowning were found in all analysed relations. In the group of adolescents, significant effects of fatal falls were found. Overall, it can be concluded that the effects of fatal injuries are not homogenous between age and gender groups. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of years and individual countries should be taken into account in the cross-sectional analyses. In terms of economic growth, public policies should focus on drowning in children, on falls in adolescents and on transport accidents, fire injuries and poisoning in adults.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ekonomický rozvoj statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rány a poranění ekonomika epidemiologie mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- východní Evropa MeSH
The relationship between economic growth and waste generation is a major global concern. Previous studies provided no conclusive evidence as to the causality between these two concepts, which can be attributed to at least two problems. First, R&D intensity is increasingly recognized as being an important determinant of environmental quality. Second, the regional level is considered to be important for the implementation of waste management policies, as regions and municipalities, among others, are responsible for separate collection systems and for establishing and managing treatment facilities. Previous studies failed to reflect the heterogeneity of the regions, which may lead to biased results. To address these problems, the panel vector error correction model was employed to examine the Granger causality in EU regions. The results provide empirical support for the existence of short- and long-run bidirectional causality between waste generation and economic growth in EU regions. A bidirectional link among waste generation, heating energy, and R&D intensity was also observed. The policy implication is that traditional economic development policies are not enough to reduce waste generation in EU regions. Economic tools, such as charges and incentives, and eco-innovation policies should be introduced to promote the region's shift towards a circular economy model.
- MeSH
- ekonomický rozvoj * MeSH
- nakládání s odpady * MeSH
- oxid uhličitý analýza MeSH
- postup MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
Cities utilize and manipulate an immense amount of global carbon flows through their economic and technical activities. Here, we establish the carbon networks of eight global cities by tracking the carbon exchanges between various natural and economic components. The metabolic properties of these carbon networks are compared by combining flow-based and interpretative network metrics. We further assess the relations of these carbon metabolic properties of cities with their socioeconomic attributes that are deemed important in urban development and planning. We find that, although there is a large difference in city-level carbon balance and flow pattern, a similarity in intercomponent relationships and metabolic characteristicsdoes exist. Cities with lower per capita carbon emissions tend to have healthier metabolic systems with more cooperative resource allocation among various industries, which indicates that there may be synergy between urban decarbonization and carbon-containing resource system optimization. A combination of indicators from flow balance and network models is a promising scheme for linking sector-based carbon inventories to system-based simulations of carbon management efforts. With this done, we may be able to reduce the knowledge gap with respect to how various carbon flows in cities can be concertedly managed considering both the restraint from their climate mitigation goals as well as the impact on urban social and economic development.
- MeSH
- ekonomický rozvoj MeSH
- obnova měst * MeSH
- oxid uhličitý analýza MeSH
- uhlík * MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0-20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (Igeo, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PINemerow, Cdeg, mCdeg, Er and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe-Cr, Pb-Cu and Mn-V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- hutnictví * MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rozvoj průmyslu MeSH
- spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
- těžba uhlí * MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
