Projekt sleduje pomocí studia distribuce, abundance a prevalence třech skupin relativně přehlížených, klíšťaty přenosných patogenů, (a sice zástupců rodů Rickettsia, Anaplasma a Babesia) dva hlavní cíle. Prvním z nich je prostřednictvím modelování v prostředí GIS vytvořit české mapy rizik pro výše zmíněné skupiny patogenních agens. Druhým cílem je tvorba veřejně přístupné aplikace pro možnost následných analýz rozšíření a početnosti různých studovaných patogenů. K dosažení těchto cílů projekt využívá komplexní přístup, včetně studia evolučních vztahů jednotlivých získaných izolátů a jejich taxonomie. Nezbytnou součástí projektu je příprava rychlé, specifické, citlivé a spolehlivé kvantitativní diagnostické metodiky. V projektu bude objasněna také biodiverzita studovaných skupin ve vztahu k ČR. Získané výsledky poslouží jako platforma pro další studium klíšťaty přenosných patogenů, včetně dosud opomíjených skupin. Metodicky projekt využívá výhod komplementárních dovedností dvou spolupracujících týmů.; The project aims to investigate distribution, abundance, and prevalence of pathogenic agents of the genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Babesia and using these models focus two main objectives. First of them is to prepare, applying GIS modelling, epidemiological risk maps for these agents in the Czech Republic. Preparation of publicly available platform useful also in future analyses of distribution and abundance of various agents represents the second objective. To achieve this, the project employs complex approach, including study of evolutionary relationships of particular collected isolates and their taxonomy. Establishment of fast, specific, sensitive, and reliable quantitative diagnostic method is essential part of the project. Biodiversity of studied model groups in the Czech Republic will be also clarified. Obtained results will be available as platform for following studies of tick-borne pathogenic agents, including yet neglected groups. Complementary skills of both cooperating teams are indisputably useful advantage of the proposed project.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma pathogenicity   MeSH
• Babesia pathogenicity   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mobile Applications MeSH
• Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Tick-Borne Diseases epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Disease Hotspot MeSH
• Primary Prevention MeSH
• Rickettsia pathogenicity   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• epidemiologie
• infekční lékařství
• NML Publication type
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

Vector-borne diseases constitute 17% of all infectious diseases in the world; among the blood-feeding arthropods, ticks transmit the highest number of pathogens. Understanding the interactions between the tick vector, the mammalian host and the pathogens circulating between them is the basis for the successful development of vaccines against ticks or the tick-transmitted pathogens as well as for the development of specific treatments against tick-borne infections. A lot of effort has been put into transcriptomic and proteomic analyses; however, the protein-carbohydrate interactions and the overall glycobiology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens has not been given the importance or priority deserved. Novel (bio)analytical techniques and their availability have immensely increased the possibilities in glycobiology research and thus novel information in the glycobiology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens is being generated at a faster pace each year. This review brings a comprehensive summary of the knowledge on both the glycosylated proteins and the glycan-binding proteins of the ticks as well as the tick-transmitted pathogens, with emphasis on the interactions allowing the infection of both the ticks and the hosts by various bacteria and tick-borne encephalitis virus.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma pathogenicity   MeSH
• Borrelia pathogenicity   MeSH
• Glycomics methods   MeSH
• Glycosylation MeSH
• Host-Pathogen Interactions physiology   MeSH
• Ixodes microbiology   physiology   virology   MeSH
• Lectins metabolism   MeSH
• Tick-Borne Diseases physiopathology   MeSH
• Polysaccharides metabolism   MeSH
• Proteomics MeSH
• Carbohydrates physiology   MeSH
• Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne pathogenicity   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Ticks are hematophagous arachnids transmitting a wide variety of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and protozoans to their vertebrate hosts. The tick vector competence has to be intimately linked to the ability of transmitted pathogens to evade tick defense mechanisms encountered on their route through the tick body comprising midgut, hemolymph, salivary glands or ovaries. Tick innate immunity is, like in other invertebrates, based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. The direct antimicrobial defense in ticks is accomplished by a variety of small molecules such as defensins, lysozymes or by tick-specific antimicrobial compounds such as microplusin/hebraein or 5.3-kDa family proteins. Phagocytosis of the invading microbes by tick hemocytes is likely mediated by the primordial complement-like system composed of thioester-containing proteins, fibrinogen-related lectins and convertase-like factors. Moreover, an important role in survival of the ingested microbes seems to be played by host proteins and redox balance maintenance in the tick midgut. Here, we summarize recent knowledge about the major components of tick immune system and focus on their interaction with the relevant tick-transmitted pathogens, represented by spirochetes (Borrelia), rickettsiae (Anaplasma), and protozoans (Babesia). Availability of the tick genomic database and feasibility of functional genomics based on RNA interference greatly contribute to the understanding of molecular and cellular interplay at the tick-pathogen interface and may provide new targets for blocking the transmission of tick pathogens.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Arachnid Vectors immunology   microbiology   parasitology   MeSH
• Babesia immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Borrelia immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Host-Pathogen Interactions * MeSH
• Ticks immunology   microbiology   parasitology   MeSH
• Immunity, Innate * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Bylo provedeno srovnání devíti metod izolace specifické DNA etiologického agens humánní granulocytárníehrlichiózy z lidské krve pro účely vyšetření PCR. Do plné krve zdravého dárce byladefinovaně přimíšena laboratorní kultura agens a testována účinnost izolace a stabilita templátuza podmínek, kdy byla krev čerstvá nebo zmražená. K univerzálnímu použití byl nejvhodnějšíQIAamp® DNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN), zmražená krev byla nejlépe extrahována pomocí Nucleo SpinTissue (Macherey-Nagel).

The author compared nine methods for isolation of specific DNA of the etiological agent of humangranulocytic ehrlichiosis from human blood for examination of the PCR. To full blood of healthydonors a laboratory culture of the agent was added and the effectiveness of isolation an stability ofthe template was tested under conditions when the blood was fresh or frozen. For universal useQIAamp® (QIAGEN) was most suitable, frozen blood was extracted best using NucleoSpin® Tissue(Macherey-Nagel).

• MeSH
• Anaplasma pathogenicity   MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• Ehrlichiosis diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Research Support as Topic MeSH
• Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Serial Extraction methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH