OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its association with the use of tobacco smoking and caffeine consumption among Palestinian university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among university students at An-Najah National University in the West Bank. MetS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme. We employed adjusted multiple logistic regression models to address the association between MetS and tobacco smoking and caffeine consumption. RESULTS: The number of participants was 392. The findings revealed that 9.2% of the students met the diagnostic criteria for MetS, with a significantly higher prevalence in males (14.1%) than females (4.8%) (p = 0.001). The study highlighted various substance use rates among participants: 20.2% smoked cigarettes, 28.6% smoked waterpipes, 5.6% smoked e-cigarettes, and 39% consumed energy drinks. Coffee (83.9%) and black tea (84.7%) were also widely consumed. Mean values of triglyceride level (p = 0.006), systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.016) were higher in cigarette smokers than nonsmokers. Energy drink consumers had higher levels of triglycerides than non-consumers (p = 0.015). Tea consumers had decreased mean values of fast blood sugar (p = 0.020) than non-users. The adjusted binary regression revealed that cigarette smokers were at greater risk of MetS (OR = 3.48, p = 0.009), and black tea consumers were less likely to have MetS (OR = 0.37, p = 0.032). Furthermore, increased BMI was associated with an increased risk of MetS (OR = 1.09, p = 0.008). Moreover, waterpipe smokers were at a higher risk of having high triglyceride levels (OR = 5.18, p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: The study illustrates the health implications of tobacco and energy drink consumption on MetS among Palestinian university students, underlining waterpipe smoking as a pressing health concern linked to elevated triglycerides. These results clarify the MetS burden in Palestine and explore new risks and protective factors.

• MeSH
• Arabové * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kofein * škodlivé účinky   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kouření tabáku * epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * epidemiologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studenti * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Střední východ MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Archeological evidence shows that first nomadic pastoralists came to the African Sahel from northeastern Sahara, where milking is reported by ~7.5 ka. A second wave of pastoralists arrived with the expansion of Arabic tribes in 7th-14th century CE. All Sahelian pastoralists depend on milk production but genetic diversity underlying their lactase persistence (LP) is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated SNP variants associated with LP in 1,241 individuals from 29 mostly pastoralist populations in the Sahel. Then, we analyzed six SNPs in the neighboring fragment (419 kb) in the Fulani and Tuareg with the -13910*T mutation, reconstructed haplotypes, and calculated expansion age and growth rate of this variant. RESULTS: Our results reveal a geographic localization of two different LP variants in the Sahel: -13910*T west of Lake Chad (Fulani and Tuareg pastoralists) and -13915*G east of there (mostly Arabic-speaking pastoralists). We show that -13910*T has a more diversified haplotype background among the Fulani than among the Tuareg and that the age estimate for expansion of this variant among the Fulani (~8.5 ka) corresponds to introduction of cattle to the area. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study showing that the "Eurasian" LP allele -13910*T is widespread both in northern Europe and in the Sahel; however, it is limited to pastoralists in the Sahel. Since the Fulani haplotype with -13910*T is shared with contemporary Eurasians, its origin could be in a region encompassing the Near East and northeastern Africa in a population ancestral to both Saharan pastoralists and European farmers.

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• Arabové genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• běloši genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• černoši * genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• etnicita * genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• laktasa genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mléko MeSH
• osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• severní Afrika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The Sahel/Savannah belt is a region where two sympatric human subsistence strategies-nomadic pastoralism and sedentary farming-have been coexisting for millennia. While earlier studies focused on estimating population differentiation and genetic structure of this ecologically remarkable region's inhabitants, less effort has been expended on understanding the morphological variation among local populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To fill this gap, we used geometric morphometrics to analyze the facial features of three groups of pastoralists and three groups of sedentary farmers belonging to three language families (Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, and Afro-Asiatic) whose mitochondrial DNA sequences have been published previously. RESULTS: Our results show that pastoralists differ from farmers with several facial features. We also found that individuals who bear maternally inherited haplotypes of Eurasian ancestry do not significantly morphologically differ from individuals whose maternal ancestry is sub-Saharan. CONCLUSIONS: Our study follows up and builds upon population genetic and phylogeographic studies of Eurasian haplogroups in the Fulani pastoralists and sub-Saharan haplogroups in the Arab pastoralists, as well as studies on the spread of lactase persistence mutations and other genetic markers. Our results suggest that recent gene flows across the Sahel/Savannah belt were not strong enough to erase a genetic structure established by Paleolithic foragers and further shaped by the adoption of agropastoral food-producing strategies.

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• Arabové genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• běloši genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• černoši * genetika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dieta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• haplotypy genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• zemědělci statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• severní Afrika MeSH
• subsaharská Afrika MeSH

• MeSH
• alkoholismus epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• Arabové psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• islám psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náboženství a psychologie MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• souhrny MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Střední východ MeSH